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Global Education Monitoring Report 2025: Gender Report: Women Lead for Learning سنة النشر: 2025 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Barriers to gender equality in education leadership positions can and need to be overcome This gender edition, which is part of the 2024/5 Global Education Monitoring Report on leadership in education, addresses the remaining obstacles for women in their efforts to climb up the leadership ladder in education. Although the teaching profession has been feminized, there are considerable gender gaps in school management, education administration and political leadership positions, a situation illuminated in detail with examples from all over the world. Gender disparity in education leadership is the result of entrenched stereotypes and biases – conscious or unconscious – on the one hand and on the other institutional processes or professional development mechanisms that are insufficiently supportive. Research suggests that women leaders display some differences relative to men in their approaches to education leadership, for example the extent to which they emphasize collaboration, build relationships with the community and retain a focus on learning. While there is little to suggest that these differences are universal or immutable, the evidence points to the fact that the lack of equitable opportunities translates to less talent and fewer diverse approaches to leadership, which are a loss to education systems – not to mention the obvious need for equity. This is particularly evident in parts of the world where gender disparities remain large. This gender edition calls on countries to take a much closer look at gender disparity in education leadership and adopt measures to raise awareness, improve mechanisms and strengthen capacities to address discrimination and bias and thus encourage women who aspire to such careers to pursue them. Gender disparity in education leadership is the result of entrenched stereotypes and biases – conscious or unconscious – on the one hand and on the other institutional processes or professional development mechanisms that are insufficiently supportive. Research suggests that women leaders display some differences relative to men in their approaches to education leadership, for example the extent to which they emphasize collaboration, build relationships with the community and retain a focus on learning. While there is little to suggest that these differences are universal or immutable, the evidence points to the fact that the lack of equitable opportunities translates to less talent and fewer diverse approaches to leadership, which are a loss to education systems – not to mention the obvious need for equity. This is particularly evident in parts of the world where gender disparities remain large. This gender edition calls on countries to take a much closer look at gender disparity in education leadership and adopt measures to raise awareness, improve mechanisms and strengthen capacities to address discrimination and bias and thus encourage women who aspire to such careers to pursue them.

Inclusion of Women and Girls and Ensuring Their Rights: A Toolkit for Arab Cities سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Cairo | European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (Austria) Even though women and girls represent close to or more than half of the population of most Arab cities, they are one of the groups that are historically and structurally excluded from decision-making and development planning in the cities. They face many barriers in accessing cities services, and inequality participating in cities activities. Developed on the basis of a virtual regional consultation workshop, as well as in-depth interviews with cities officials and representatives from the Coalition of Arab Cities against Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Intolerance, this Toolkit provides tools and practical advice to enable Arab cities achieve a better inclusion of women and girls, and ensure their full right to benefit from local development programs. The toolkit mainly targets local authorities in Arab cities including Mayors, Members of Municipality Councils, Municipal executives, and Entities concerned with the design, implementation, follow-up, and evaluation of local projects and programs. “Since wars begin in the minds of men andwomen it is in the minds of men and womenthat the defences of peace must be constructed”Inclusion of women and girls in Arab cities: challenge or opportunity?This publication is the result of a joint effort involving the European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Graz, UNESCO Coalition of Arab Cities against Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Intolerance, and UNESCO Cairo Office.

حقوق المرآة السياسية في الإسلام ودورها في المجال السياسي سنة النشر: 2020 المؤلف: Hussein Zubair Thalj Al-Fahdawi | Mayada Ali Abdel Nabi Karim الحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات وتجبر العثرات وتنال المكرمات وصلى الله على البشير النذير والسراج المنير وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين . وقد كان من توفيق الله تعالى لي أن توصلت من خلال دراستي هذه إلى بعض النتائج أوجزها فيما يلي: كرم الإسلام إنسانية الإنسان فرفعها الى اسمى الدرجات ولم يفرق فيها بين الرجل والمرأة، ب ل جعل الانسان )رجلا وامرأة( اهم ما في هذا الكون، ولما كانت المرأة نصف المجتمع البشري وهي الأم والأخت والزوجة والبنت، فمن الطبيعي ان تشارك الرجل مشاركة كاملة في كل مظاهر الكرامة الإنسانية، والإسلام الزم الرجل والمرأة ان يتعلما وان يتفهما كل شيء ويتفقها في الدين والعلم، والزمهما بالجهاد السلمي لنشر العقيدة والمعاني السامية كلا في الحقل الذي يستطيع العمل فيه . اتضح من العرض السابق أن المشاركة المتزايدة للنساء في العمل السياسي تمثل عاملا محوريا لارتقاء بالمساواة بين الجنسين وتمكين المرأة، فالمرأة المشاركة في العمل السياسي . وأن مجالات العمل السياسي كافة يباح شرعا أن يتولاها من هو أهل لها رجلا كان أو امرأة، كما إن نظرة الإسلام للمرأة منبثقة من نظرة الإسلام للإنسان المكرم فلا تمايز ولا اختلاف، وأحكام الشريعة تقرر فيها المساواة وتحقيق العدالة والأصل هو تساوي المرأة والرجل في أصل الخلقة والتكاليف الشرعية، وما اختلف بينهما هو استثناء للأصل، وما كان استثناء فإنه لا يصح القياس علي ه .وأخيرا إنَّ ما في هذه البحث من صواب؛ فهو من الله عز وجل، وإنَّ كل ما فيها من خلل وقصور؛ فهو من نفسي ومن الشيطان، ولا يسعني في ختام هذه البح ث المتواضع إلا أن أحمد الله تعالى؛ فالحمد لله رب العلمين والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وعلى آلهِ وصحبه ومن والاه إلى يوم الدين

The rights of political women in Islam and their role in the political sphere سنة النشر: 2020 المؤلف: Hussein Zubair Thalj Al-Fahdawi | Mayada Ali Abdel Nabi Karim Praise be to God, who by His grace the righteousness is fulfilled and the pitfalls are forced and the honorees and may God’s prayers be granted to the foreboding Bashir and the enlightening OS and all his family and companions.And it was from the success of God Almighty for me to reach, through this study, some results. I summarize it as follows:Islam honored the humanity of man, so he raised it to the highest ranks and did not differentiate between it between a man and a woman. Rather, he made a man (a man and a woman) the most important thing in this universe. Human dignity, and Islam. A man and a woman are obligated to learn and understand everything and agree in religion and science, and commit them to peaceful jihad to spread the supreme belief and meanings both in the field in which he can work.It was clear from the previous presentation that the increased participation of women in political work is a pivotal factor for the advancement of gender equality and women's empowerment, as women participate in political action.And that all areas of political work are legally permissible to be assumed by whoever is her family, man or woman, just as the view of Islam for women is derived from the view of Islam for the honorable man, so there is no distinction or difference, and the provisions of the Sharia in which equality and justice are established and the origin is equal for women and men in the origin of creation and costs Legitimacy, and what is different between them is an exception to the original, and what was an exception, it is not correct to measure it.Finally, what is right in this research is from God Almighty, and all the defects and shortcomings in it are from myself and from Satan, and I cannot conclude this humble research except that Ahmed is the Most High, praise be to God, Lord of knowledge and prayer and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions and from his family to the Day of Judgment.

Literacy in multilingual and multicultural contexts: effective approaches to adult learning and education سنة النشر: 2016 المؤلف: Ulrike Hanemann, Cassandra Scarpino All of the literacy programmes featured in this publication offer valuable experiences and lessons on how the challenges posed by linguistic and cultural diversity can be productively addressed by harnessing the potential of language and culture as enriching resources in the process of literacy teaching and learning. A major lesson that has emerged over the years is that the use of local languages as the medium of instruction enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process in developing literacy, numeracy and (second or more) language skills. However, mother tongue-based literacy not only facilitates the learning process, but is also an important symbol of identity, unity and self-determination. It is closely intertwined with culture and local values, wisdom, worldviews and tradition. A number of the featured programmes demonstrate that language and culture in education are highly political. Respect for all languages and cultures, and their equal treatment, can play a critical role in fostering national cohesion. In some cases, this is contributing to rebuilding peace in post-conflict communities. Literacy programmes that contribute to the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity should, also, be viewed as integral to sustainable development.

Alphabétisation et éducation pour le développement durable et l'autonomisation des femmes سنة النشر: 2014 المؤلف: Anna Robinson-Pant المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) The fact that women constitute two-thirds of the world’s non-literate population has been a cause for concern for several decades now. Despite a number of high-profile literacy interventions specifically targeting women – including UNESCO’s LIFE initiative – the disparity between male and female literacy rates persists in many countries of the world (UIL, 2013). This starting point for thinking about women’s literacy has however often led to a narrow focus on literacy access and outcomes. Whilst educational policy makers and planners have attempted to identify and overcome barriers to women’s participation, researchers have directed their attention to measuring the social and economic benefits of women’s literacy (see Robinson-Pant, 2004). Statistical correlations have been presented as evidence of the impact of women’s literacy: for instance, in Pakistan, women with a high level of literacy earned 95% more than women with no literacy skills yet there was only a 33% differential amongst men (UNESCO 2012: 196). Barriers to participation have been analysed in terms of structural (timing, location, women-only versus mixed gender) and social (marriage, poverty, language hierarchies) factors (see Ballara 1991). Within such analysis however, little attention has been given to the social processes associated with literacy learning and development. By contrast, this paper sets out to take a wider lens on literacy in order to explore not only ‘what works’ in practical terms of encouraging women to participate programmes, but also to look at how and why literacy programmes can contribute to sustainable development and processes of empowerment. Taking this perspective on women’s literacy involves asking alternative questions from the more usual ‘how can we make more women literate?’ Approaching literacy through the lens of sustainable development and women’s empowerment means that we develop a more nuanced understanding of how different kinds of literacy emerge from or support different development approaches and how women engage with such processes of change. How is literacy related to sustainable development programmes? What does empowerment mean to different women in different situations? What kind of research evidence and knowledge are literacy programmes and policy building on? How can adult learning facilitate economic, social and environmental change? These larger questions will guide the conceptual exploration of sustainable development, women’s empowerment and literacy, as well as the review of literacy programmes presented in this paper. The starting assumption is that only by looking in depth at the processes of literacy learning and development practice can we begin to address the challenge of narrowing the gender gap in literacy attainment.

Literacy and education for sustainable development and women's empowerment سنة النشر: 2014 المؤلف: Anna Robinson-Pant المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) The fact that women constitute two-thirds of the world’s non-literate population has been a cause for concern for several decades now. Despite a number of high-profile literacy interventions specifically targeting women – including UNESCO’s LIFE initiative – the disparity between male and female literacy rates persists in many countries of the world (UIL, 2013). This starting point for thinking about women’s literacy has however often led to a narrow focus on literacy access and outcomes. Whilst educational policy makers and planners have attempted to identify and overcome barriers to women’s participation, researchers have directed their attention to measuring the social and economic benefits of women’s literacy (see Robinson-Pant, 2004). Statistical correlations have been presented as evidence of the impact of women’s literacy: for instance, in Pakistan, women with a high level of literacy earned 95% more than women with no literacy skills yet there was only a 33% differential amongst men (UNESCO 2012: 196).Barriers to participation have been analysed in terms of structural (timing, location, women-only versus mixed gender) and social (marriage, poverty, language hierarchies) factors (see Ballara 1991). Within such analysis however, little attention has been given to the social processes associated with literacy learning and development. By contrast, this paper sets out to take a wider lens on literacy in order to explore not only ‘what works’ in practical terms of encouraging women to participate programmes, but also to look at how and why literacy programmes can contribute to sustainable development and processes of empowerment. Taking this perspective on women’s literacy involves asking alternative questions from the more usual ‘how can we make more women literate?’ Approaching literacy through the lens of sustainable development and women’s empowerment means that we develop a more nuanced understanding of how different kinds of literacy emerge from or support different development approaches and how women engage with such processes of change.How is literacy related to sustainable development programmes? What does empowerment mean to different women in different situations? What kind of research evidence and knowledge are literacy programmes and policy building on? How can adult learning facilitate economic, social and environmental change? These larger questions will guide the conceptual exploration of sustainable development, women’s empowerment and literacy, as well as the review of literacy programmes presented in this paper. The starting assumption is that only by looking in depth at the processes of literacy learning and development practice can we begin to address the challenge of narrowing the gender gap in literacy attainment.

Alfabetización para el desarrollo sostenible y el empoderamiento de las mujeres سنة النشر: 2014 المؤلف: Anna Robinson-Pant المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) The fact that women constitute two-thirds of the world’s non-literate population has been a cause for concern for several decades now. Despite a number of high-profile literacy interventions specifically targeting women – including UNESCO’s LIFE initiative – the disparity between male and female literacy rates persists in many countries of the world (UIL, 2013). This starting point for thinking about women’s literacy has however often led to a narrow focus on literacy access and outcomes. Whilst educational policy makers and planners have attempted to identify and overcome barriers to women’s participation, researchers have directed their attention to measuring the social and economic benefits of women’s literacy (see Robinson-Pant, 2004). Statistical correlations have been presented as evidence of the impact of women’s literacy: for instance, in Pakistan, women with a high level of literacy earned 95% more than women with no literacy skills yet there was only a 33% differential amongst men (UNESCO 2012: 196). Barriers to participation have been analysed in terms of structural (timing, location, women-only versus mixed gender) and social (marriage, poverty, language hierarchies) factors (see Ballara 1991). Within such analysis however, little attention has been given to the social processes associated with literacy learning and development. By contrast, this paper sets out to take a wider lens on literacy in order to explore not only ‘what works’ in practical terms of encouraging women to participate programmes, but also to look at how and why literacy programmes can contribute to sustainable development and processes of empowerment. Taking this perspective on women’s literacy involves asking alternative questions from the more usual ‘how can we make more women literate?’ Approaching literacy through the lens of sustainable development and women’s empowerment means that we develop a more nuanced understanding of how different kinds of literacy emerge from or support different development approaches and how women engage with such processes of change. How is literacy related to sustainable development programmes? What does empowerment mean to different women in different situations? What kind of research evidence and knowledge are literacy programmes and policy building on? How can adult learning facilitate economic, social and environmental change? These larger questions will guide the conceptual exploration of sustainable development, women’s empowerment and literacy, as well as the review of literacy programmes presented in this paper. The starting assumption is that only by looking in depth at the processes of literacy learning and development practice can we begin to address the challenge of narrowing the gender gap in literacy attainment.

Women's empowerment for a culture of peace and non-violence in the pacific consultation meeting proceedings سنة النشر: 2013 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Apia The Consultation on Women’s Empowerment for a Culture of Peace and Non Violence in the Pacific was held in Nadi, Fiji, from 13 to 15 June 2013. The consultation was an interagency collaboration between the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN WOMEN) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Pacific Centre as part of the United Nations strategy “Delivering as One”. This collaboration focused on efforts to design, promote and strengthen a culture of peace in the Pacific at the country and regional levels. The consultation brought together 30 senior representatives, including development professionals and community members, from governments, regional organizations, women’s organizations, faith-based groups, academic institutions and development partners from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The consultation ended with an agreement on a range of actions that could be adopted at the local, national and regional levels to promote increased dialogue between leaders and policy makers on the contributions that culture and heritage can make to addressing issues of gender inequality and reducing GBV. The outcome statement identifies the importance of building positive cultural models, using a range of key factors, including female leaders, faith-based leaders and traditional leaders as well as political leaders and parties. The statement also emphasized education as a means of promoting a culture of peace and non-violence. The consultation’s outcome statement noted that the school curriculum should place a stronger emphasis on values, gender equality, sexual and reproductive health and rights, and the building of positive cultural models. The follow up actions identified include increasing public awareness on achieving equality for Pacific women, including women at the grassroots level, in bringing peace to conflict-affected communities; targeting young people as the next generation of leaders; using the arts and cultural and sports events to break down gender stereotypes; actions relating to economic empowerment, access to justice and service delivery; and intangible cultural heritage capacity building incorporating substantive gender equality components.

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