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Research Report: A Comparative Study on Hybrid Learning in Schools سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) During the COVID-19 lockdown, policymakers and educators faced an unprecedented challenge disrupting all levels of education. The initial optimism about replacing physical classes with virtual lessons diminished as complex interconnected issues emerged. To address the need for continuous and sustainable learning, school systems implemented variations of hybrid learning during the pandemic, seeking to integrate physical and virtual classes. These approaches prompted this comparative study led by UNESCO-IBE. The initial phase of this study involved collecting and analysing data on hybrid strategies from six countries. The research aimed to examine factors influencing hybrid learning implementation during the lockdown, with a subsequent focus on developing and validating a practical Hybrid Learning Framework for Schools. The cross-case analysis was designed not to rank or compare, but to understand and connect different scenarios and contexts. Phase I focuses on current hybrid learning practices and influencing factors, while Phases II and III will concentrate on using the information gathered to create and validate a Hybrid Learning Framework for Schools. Aligned with UNESCO-IBE’s overarching vision of a comprehensive, personalized, and democratized curriculum accessible to all, hybrid learning facilitates inclusive education across diverse regions, overcoming geographical and temporal limitations. The approach aims to unlock the unique potential of every learner, fostering a more flexible educational environment. 
Fighting Racism and Discrimination: A UNESCO Toolkit سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Globally, 1 in 5 people have experienced discrimination on at least one of the grounds prohibited under international human rights law. Despite action around the world to end hate and combat discrimination, our societies continue to struggle. Institutionalised and structural racism remains a significant challenge with societies only beginning to come to terms with the harsh realities of historical legacies of inequality. Regardless of the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement following the death of George Floyd and increased discussion, policies tackling the legacies of historical racism as well as contemporary racism remain limited. Arguments on the ethics of collecting racial and ethnicity data persist, making measurement of racism and discrimination all the more challenging and leading to difficulties in fully comprehending this issue. However, with impact ranging from education to housing to income to criminal justice, these issues cannot wait. Recognising the magnitude of this challenge and responding to the urgent call for action – the Global Call against Racism – by our Member States, UNESCO has developed the UNESCO Anti-Racism Toolkit. Within the pages of this guide, you will find core concepts, good practices from around the world, practical exercises, and more. A tool designed to support policy-makers in developing anti-racist legislation, it is a first step to tackling the historical and structural racism within our societies. 
Synergy Solutions for a World in Crisis: Tackling Climate and SDG Action Together سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNFCCC | UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) In May 2023 UNDESA and UNFCCC Secretariat co-convened the Expert Group on Climate and SDG Synergy. The Group consists of 14 renowned experts from diverse thematic and geographic backgrounds who were given the task of developing the First Global Report on Climate and SDG Synergies. This report demonstrates that aggressively acting on climate and development in an integrated and synergistic way is an important opportunity to achieve the course correction the UN Secretary- General has called for. It highlights some of the challenges but also the opportunities if the international community is seriously committed to enhancing these synergies and thereby addressing these challenges. The report is designed to provide a broad overview of available data and evidence, insights from experts on the frontlines, and recommendations for enhancing synergistic action across the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. This first edition will form the basis for future iterations, which will entail a wider scope of sectors, and thematic areas and deep dives on specific issues pertaining to strengthening and operationalizing synergic climate and SDG actions at all levels. 
Words that Heal: The Role of Young People in Addressing Hate Speech (EPDF Policy Brief No. 2) سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف المؤسسي: International Dialogue Centre (KAICIID) In the ‘post-truth era’, polarised opinions and knowledge fragmentation make it particularly challenging for young people to orient themselves and make sense of the world. Biased narratives and expressions of hate, exacerbated by echo chambers and artificial intelligence, significantly increase the risk that young social media users create or spread discriminatory content or become victims of hate speech. This can lead to long-lasting psychological and physical harm. Derogatory language often targets religious or ethnic communities, further inflamed by structural discrimination and boosted by the vicious spirals of algorithms. Based on experiences across Europe, this policy brief reflects on how to prevent young people from becoming involved in hate speech, both as victims and perpetrators, thanks to renewed alliances between secular and religious actors. Policymakers and faith leaders are encouraged to resort to interreligious and intercultural dialogue as a powerful tool that promotes mutual understanding and appreciation over mistrust and harmful stereotypes. 
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023: Special Edition سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) The annual report, a joint effort of the global statistical community, was launched during the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development as leaders from governments and different sectors of society gathered to chart strategies and efforts to fully implement the SDGs. The report provides essential data that allows decision-makers to guide efforts toward a sustainable recovery. 
AI and the Holocaust: Rewriting History?; The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Understanding the Holocaust سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف: Mykola Makhortykh | Heather Mann المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO The threats associated with AI on safeguarding the record of the Holocaust are manifold, including the potential for manipulation by malicious actors, the introduction of falsehoods or dissemination of biased information, and the gradual erosion of public trust in authentic records. This paper provides a warning of what is at stake for the preservation of historical truth in a digital era increasingly mediated by AI. It highlights five major concerns:1. AI automated content may invent facts about the Holocaust2. Falsifying historical evidence: Deepfake Technology3. AI models can be manipulated to spread hate speech4. Algorithmic bias can spread Holocaust denial5. Oversimplifying history While there are some benefits to be gained, such as enhanced engagement and interaction opportunities for learners, as well as more efficient data processing capabilities for researchers, to navigate these challenges and capitalize on the benefits, it’s essential for AI designers, policymakers, educators, and researchers to collaborate closely. Only AI systems equipped with robust safeguards and human rights assessments, coupled with an increased focus on developing digital literacy skills, can uphold the integrity of historical truth and ensure the responsible use of artificial intelligence. 
Empowering Students for Just Societies: A Handbook to Teach Integrity in Secondary Schools سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO | UN. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) The importance of education lies in its power to shape the values of upcoming generations and equip them with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Contemporary challenges, including corruption must be addressed through education, transparency, accountability and the rule of law, among other efforts. This joint publication by UNODC and UNESCO is a response to this important issue. It is aimed at educators who are striving to inspire and prepare future generations to actively contribute to societies grounded in integrity, ethics and respect for the rule of law. The handbook builds on the first two launched in 2019. This publication highlights the transformative power of education in strengthening the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary for addressing global challenges, especially those that stem from a lack of integrity, like corruption. It underlines the crucial role education plays in nurturing critical thinking, empathy, ethical behaviour, and a commitment to justice and equality among people. The handbook presents a catalogue of educational activities, lesson plans and outside the classroom resources designed to empower youth to reject corrupt practices and become agents of change, promoting integrity and upholding democratic values. 
Climate Change and Sustainability in Science and Social Science Secondary School Curricula سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف: Marcia McKenzie | Aaron Benavot المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO There is an urgent need to transform the way climate change and sustainability are taught in classrooms and at schools. Learners must grasp the environmental impacts of climate change, how climate change relates to their own context and what actions can be undertaken and contribute to making societies more sustainable, equitable, just and climate-resilient. The findings presented in this publication indicate that accelerated efforts are needed. In a study of over 530 Grade 9 science and social science curricula from 85 countries worldwide, we found that 69 per cent of curricula contained no references to climate change, while 66 per cent had no references to sustainability. Furthermore, while 69 per cent of surveyed teachers from eight of the countries studied reported that environment, sustainability and climate change topics were included in the science and social science curricula in their schools only 50 per cent included them in their teaching. While there is a notable inclusion of environment, sustainability and climate change in science and social science curricula across countries, the depth of focus of this inclusion varies widely. Cognitive learning prevails over social and emotional or action-oriented learning. Climate change and sustainability in school practices must be strengthened, with teachers playing a key role in enhancing integration through teaching methods and materials. 
Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments for the Sustainable Development Goals: A Global Outlook سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف: Galindo Moreno | Manuel Ricardo المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO This publication explores the design, implementation and impact of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy instruments across regions, revealing diverse policy priorities and support strategies. Data from the UNESCO Global Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments (GO-SPIN) platform shows that STI policy instruments are closely linked to the SDGs, particularly with SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 4 (quality education). Over three-quarters of these policy instruments target these goals. This publication advocates for the use of evidence in designing policies and policy instruments and underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of their implementation. Additionally, it recommends diversifying funding sources, enhancing program management, fostering communication with stakeholders, and applying policy instruments to promote transformative learning. 
Artificial Intelligence and Democracy سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف: Daniel Innerarity المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Montevideo | Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, adopted by all Member States in November 2021, is the first global policy framework for artificial intelligence (AI) and outlines different aspects of this technology that directly impact political life. The initial considerations of the Recommendation outline the potential ramifications of AI across diverse domains, notably its implications for democracy. This report builds on these analyses and recommendations, aligning with the core values and principles outlined in the Recommendation. It delves into the current and potential impact of artificial intelligence on democracy and the benefits that both artificial intelligence and digitalization, in general, could bring to enhancing collective decision-making processes. This analysis is structured around four key topics:1. The democratic expectations and disappointments of digitization2. The new digital public space: the democratic conversation3. The democracy of data: the politics of Big Data4. Democracy as a form of political decision-making: algorithmic governance Finally, this report offers recommendations for the democratic governance of artificial intelligence aimed at mitigating neative impacts and fostering a more democratic approach to AI governance.