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استكشف مجموعة واسعة من الموارد القيمة حول تعليم المواطنة العالمية لتعميق فهمك وتعزيز البحث والمناصرة والتعليم والتعلم.
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Mémoire et pédagogie. Autour de la transmission de la destruction des Juifs d'Europe Based on qualitative interviews, "Memory and pedagogy" takes inventory of the representations and fears teachers can encounter when they broach the Holocaust, especially if their personal background echoes that part of history. The author then describes different postures they can adopt ‒ centred victim empathy, genocide as a general theme or focused on "lessons" from the past. This book, one of the first research projects on this topic in Switzerland, is a contribution to a collective reflection on the current and future transmission of the history and memory of the destruction of European Jews. (By the author - Translation) Israeli Youth Pilgrimages to Poland. Rationale and Polemics The article, based on material collected as part of a project evaluating the pilgrimage trips to Poland by Israeli adolescents as part of the Holocaust curriculum, attempts to provide the reader with the background for these trips. In this context, the authors discuss the evolving national agenda in Israel, and the transition from experiencing independence to experiencing the Holocaust. The authors of the article stress that in the wake of the profound social changes that took place in Israeli society, the memory of the Holocaust gained new significance among the country’s national priorities. While a policy known as “the great silence” regarding the Holocaust prevailed among the first generation after statehood, the Holocaust has now become a factor that shaped the national ethos. In 1979, for the first time, the Ministry of Education commissioned two curricula dealing exclusively with the Holocaust. The article notes that the Holocaust and its lessons can be examined from three different perspectives: The first focuses on presenting the universal significance of the Holocaust and perceiving it as parallel to other cases of genocide. The second focuses on presenting the national significance of the Holocaust as a unique and unparalleled case of the Jewish People. The perception held by this approach is actually “the whole world is against us.” The third perspective is a synthesis of these two approaches. In this article, the authors note that the longstanding debate in Israeli society over the various methods for instilling the Holocaust and the journeys to Poland by adolescents expresses these three perspectives. (By the author) Exploring pupil perceptions of Jews, Jewish identity and the Holocaust This paper argues that effective Holocaust education involves exploring pupils' perceptions of Jews and Jewish identity. Identifying these preconceptions is necessary for combating anti-Semitism, challenging misconceptions and facilitating a historically accurate understanding of the Holocaust. How do pupils define the Jews and what it is that makes someone Jewish? How do pupils explain the causes of the Holocaust and why it was that the Nazi regime specifically targeted Jews? The empirical basis of this paper attempts to help answer these questions. One hundred and forty seven children aged 13 and 14 took part in mixed-method research in order to explore their ideas and concepts of Jewish identity and why the Holocaust took place. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for Holocaust education. (By the author) The boy in the striped pyjamas: a blessing or curse for Holocaust education This essay analyses the effectiveness of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas as a pedagogic tool in Holocaust education. Drawing upon an empirical study conducted on 298 students’ preconceptions of the Holocaust, it suggests that the book and the film have had a large influence on existing ideas and have helped to establish problematic misconceptions. By highlighting its historicalinaccuracies and skewed moral messages, this essay suggests that The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is principally a curse for Holocaust education. It concludes by considering practical responses to the story’s popularity and how its negative impact can be reduced. (By the author) Historical Understanding - Beyond the Past and into the Present In this chapter Boix-Mansilla looks at the possibilities for using history to understand present-day issues. Partially funded through the Facing History and Ourselves organization, this study looked at whether learning about the Holocaust provided a more contextualized understanding of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. This research found that students often used an ineffectual I-know-this-history-so-I-know-that-experience reasoning when making links between the two genocides, even though historical comparisons rely on both similarities and differences in analysis. Boix-Mansilla emphasizes that directed instruction on the process of historical comparison can remedy the weak reasoning demonstrated in the study and cites the literature on the strengths of using history to speak about present events to support this. (By the author) A ‘Curtain of Ignorance’: An Analysis of Holocaust Portrayal in Textbooks from 1943 through 1959 If textbooks are supposed to be an honest and impartial portrayal of historical events, they should remain the same over time. However, when examining one event across different editions of the same textbook, it becomes apparent that this is not the case. This study seeks to examine how the beginnings of the Cold War may have influenced how the Holocaust was discussed during the 1940s and 1950s. Results indicate that as Germany transformed from an enemy to be defeated into an ally needed to stop the advance of Communism, discussion of the Holocaust became more muted. While the beginnings of the Cold War may not be the only factor in this phenomenon, the results of this study indicate a methodological process in which textbooks could be used to create critical and historical thinking in today's classroom. (By the author) "Hitler is a Bully" Middle School Students’ Perspectives on Holocaust Education in Greater Victoria, British Columbia This study investigates middle school students’ interest in learning about the Holocaust, which methods are the most effective at teaching the Holocaust and how the testimony of Holocaust survivors can be retold to the next generations of middle school students. In order to answer these research questions, my study uses surveys with three classes of current middle school students in Greater Victoria, British Columbia, a focus group with graduate students at the University of Victoria and an interview with Larissa Weber, the director of the Anne Frank Exhibition in Berlin. These quantitative and qualitative results are analyzed using a mixed methods approach. The middle school students’ perceptions regarding effective educational methods when teaching the Holocaust in my limited sample (n=77 in the first survey and n=58 in the second survey) suggest that there is a connection between personal narrative and empathy when teaching the Holocaust in middle school classrooms. These findings are contextualized with a summary of the history of Holocaust education in Canadian public schools and a discussion regarding the role of empathy in learning about the Holocaust. (By the author) "Why Do We Always Have to Say We're Sorry?" A Case Study on Navigating Moral Expectations in Classroom Communication on National Socialism and the Holocaust in Germany Against the background of the pedagogization and internationalization of Holocaust memory discourse, this contribution focuses on the specific conditions of history classes on National Socialism and the Holocaust in Germany. Using a case study, this article shows both how the meanings of these subjects are communicatively negotiated in history classes and how these classroom discourses relate to the specific context of the culture of memory in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of guilt and the concomitant moral expectations—which can be interpreted as a specific condition of the memory of the Holocaust in the successor state of the Third Reich. Within this context, the central questions of my study are: (1) How do today's youth in Germany navigate the moral expectations that are implicit within the established historical narratives on the Holocaust? (2) How do ethnically and nationally linked conceptions of memory play a role in youth's sense-making about the Holocaust? (By the author) “What Happened to Their Pets?”: Third Graders Encounter the Holocaust Though widely believed to contain moral lessons of import for audiences of all ages, the Holocaust is often considered too complex, too appalling, too impenetrable, or too emotionally disturbing a subject to be taught to young children, even if taught only in its most “preparatory version,” to use Jerome Bruner’s famous phrasing. The subject matter, after all, deals at its core with human brutality, barbarous indifference, and industrialized mass murder. Nonetheless, a burgeoning market in materials designed to expose young children to the Holocaust implies that students are learning about the topic in earlier and earlier grades, a phenomenon that may be referred to as “curricular creep.” Such a trend raises the question of whether students should be exposed, purposefully and formally, to the horrors of the Holocaust, or, conversely, whether curricular creep should be somehow corralled. Although authors have weighed in on the ethics of Holocaust education, its history, practices, and materials, few have discussed its rightful place in the elementary school curriculum. Fewer still have empirically examined what the Holocaust looks like when taught to a young audience. (By the author) Voltooid verleden tijd? Het verband tussen kennis over de nazi-genocide en democratische attitudes bij adolescenten in Brussel Schools are expected to educate children to become democratic citizens by providing “civics” or history courses. It is believed that the formal curriculum affects each pupil’s level of awareness, which in turn influences civic competencies and social attitudes. This supposition is explicitly stated in ‘holocaust-education’ programmes and in ‘civics’courses. Accordingly, knowing about the atrocities of the Nazis would stimulate tolerance, and thus counter prejudice. The current contribution tests this supposition using surveydata (2002) from 773 French-speaking and 469 Flemish-speaking last-grade pupils from secondary schools in the Brussels-Capital Region. The survey probed for knowledge on the Nazi genocide and attitude scales (ethnocentrism and anti-democracy). The supposition about the connection between knowledge and tolerance holds partially for the Flemish, but not for the French-speaking sample. Knowledge may be a necessary, but is certainly not a sufficient, condition to foster tolerance. (By the author)