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Education in the twenty‐first century: Conflict, reconstruction and reconciliation1 Year of publication: 2005 Author: Alan Smith Corporate author: Taylor & Francis This paper is an attempt to map out an emerging and increasingly important field of study concerning the relationship between education and conflict. The paper argues that actions through various ‘entry points’ at each of these levels carry the potential to exacerbate or ameliorate conflict and suggests that a systemic analysis of investments in education systems from a conflict perspective should be a routine part of educational planning. Education in the twenty‐first century: Conflict, reconstruction and reconciliation1 Year of publication: 2005 Author: Alan Smith Corporate author: Taylor & Francis Ce papier tente d’établir un nouveau domaine d'étude de plus en plus important portant sur le lien entre l'éducation et les conflits. Le document fait valoir que les actions menées à travers différents « points d’entrée » à chaque niveau ont le potentiel d'exacerber ou bien d’atténuer les conflits. Le papier suggère qu'une analyse systémique des investissements dans les systèmes d'éducation contre les conflits devrait faire partie intégrante de la planification de l'éducation. 
The Influence of education on conflict and peace building Year of publication: 2010 Author: Alan Smith Corporate author: UNESCO The purpose of this paper is to identify aspects of education that may have a positive influence on the dynamics of conflict or make a contribution to peacebuilding. The UN Secretary-General’s (2009) report on peacebuilding identifies a number of recurring priorities in conflict-affected situations, ‘establishing security, building confidence in a political process, delivering initial peace dividends and expanding core national capacity’. These priorities include ‘the provision of basic services, such as water and sanitation, health and primary education’. However, in conflict-affected situations education is also about more than service delivery because it is a means of socialization and identity development through the transmission of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes across generations. Education may therefore be a driver of conflict (fuelling grievances, stereotypes, xenophobia and other antagonisms), but can also be a way of contributing to ‘conflict transformation’ and ‘peacebuilding’.