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Currículos escolares y sus orientaciones sobre historia, sociedad y política: significados para la cohesión social en Latinoamérica Year of publication: 2009 Author: Cristián Cox | Robinson Lira | Renato Gazmuri Corporate author: Uqbar Editores | Elsevier The purpose of this work is to analyse the results of the curricula reform that took place from 1999 to 2000 in regards to the role of schools in providing a model for social integration or cohesion among all groups and social strata. The analysis and critical reflection is based on the assessment done on the curricula for citizenship formation in primary and secondary education in seven countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. The main question being answered whether the patterns observed in the different curricula contribute to social cohesion. Citizenship education in Latin America: priorities of school curricula (IBE working papers on curriculum issues no. 14) Year of publication: 2014 Author: Cristián Cox | Martín Bascopé | Juan Carlos Castillo | Daniel Miranda | Macarena Bonhomme Corporate author: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) This work focuses on the curricula of six Latin American countries – Colombia, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico and Paraguay – which at the close of the past decade agreed to be part of the project Regional System of Evaluation and Development of Citizenship Competencies (SREDECC). With the support of the Inter-American Development Bank, SREDECC developed the Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS- 2009) undertaken by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), in addition to encouraging the participation of the countries in that study (Cox 2010; Schulz, Ainley, Friedman and Lietz 2011).This document comprises four parts. The first section takes stock of the state of democratic belief in the region, drawing upon the most significant opinion studies of the past decade, so as to offer broader meaning bases for curriculum analysis and, more generally, for educational work in the field of citizenship. The second section describes the organizational (or structural) characteristics of the curricula of the six countries and presents a framework of categories for their comparative analysis. The subsequent section describes and analyses the contents of the six curricula examined and how they deal with the values, institutions and citizenship relations in their civic (political) and civil (coexistence) dimensions. On the basis of the most significant findings, the closing section includes some reflections regarding curriculum development with regard to citizenship. 
Citizenship education in Latin America: Priorities of School Curricula Year of publication: 2014 Author: Cristián Cox | Martín Bascopé | Juan Carlos Castillo | Daniel Miranda | Macarena Bonhomme Corporate author: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) This work focuses on the curricula of six Latin American countries – Colombia, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico and Paraguay – which at the close of the past decade agreed to be part of the project Regional System of Evaluation and Development of Citizenship Competencies (SREDECC). With the support of the Inter-American Development Bank, SREDECC developed the Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS- 2009) undertaken by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), in addition to encouraging the participation of the countries in that study (Cox 2010; Schulz, Ainley, Friedman and Lietz 2011). This document comprises four parts. The first section takes stock of the state of democratic belief in the region, drawing upon the most significant opinion studies of the past decade, so as to offer broader meaning bases for curriculum analysis and, more generally, for educational work in the field of citizenship. The second section describes the organizational (or structural) characteristics of the curricula of the six countries and presents a framework of categories for their comparative analysis. The subsequent section describes and analyses the contents of the six curricula examined and how they deal with the values, institutions and citizenship relations in their civic (political) and civil (coexistence) dimensions. On the basis of the most significant findings, the closing section includes some reflections regarding curriculum development with regard to citizenship. Curricular guidelines and citizenship attitudes in Latin American students: a comparative analysis Year of publication: 2015 Author: Martín Bascopé | Macarena Bonhomme | Cristián Cox | Juan Carlos Castillo | Daniel Miranda Corporate author: Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud Curricular guidelines have become progressively relevant for educating future active citizens. In such a context, it becomes crucial to explore the relationship between the curricular guidelines and how citizenship education is currently acquired by students in Latin American countries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to comparatively evaluate the institutional view of citizenship expressed in each curriculum and students’ attitudes on civic issues. The exploratory factor analysis and curricular descriptive statistical analysis are based in two valuable and complementary sources, respectively: The Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) and the Regional System of Citizenship Skills (Sredecc). By making a systematic comparison of both sources, this study reveals that several curricular aspects are consistent with students’ citizenship attitudes and beliefs, and suggests some guidelines for improving and expanding citizenship education in Latin America, considering the importance of education for the formation of an active citizenship. 
Young People's Views of Government, Peaceful Coexistence, and Diversity in Five Latin American Countries Year of publication: 2018 Author: Wolfram Schulz | John Ainley | Cristián Cox | Tim Friedman Corporate author: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) This report presents the findings of the five Latin American countries that participated in the second cycle of the International Study of Civic and Citizenship Education (ICCS 2016) of the IEA. ICCS 2016 investigated the ways in which various countries are preparing their youth for assume their roles as citizens during the second decade of the XXI century. The study also assume their roles as citizens during the second decade of the XXI century. The study also responded to new challenges in civic and citizenship education, and its findings allow robust comparisons of high school students' attitudes and perceptions to a wide range of aspects related to civic education and citizenship.