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Values Education in Primary and Secondary School of Japan: Approach, Orderliness and Dilemma (Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad; No. 1) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Sun Cheng | Karaki Kiyoshi Corporate author: Shanghai Normal University Values education is an important part of primary and secondary education in Japan. It has two teaching approaches: curriculum teaching and practical teaching. After the Second World War, it has formed a political service orderliness which is unified with the national dominant ideology, a cultivating orderliness which is from the “Imperial People” to the “New Citizen”, a practical orderliness which is developing around the “Social Participation”. At present, Japan’s values education in primary and secondary schools mainly faces the dual dilemma of historical cognition and public value, especially in the aspect of historical cognition, which deserves our constant vigilance and attention. 
Subject of "Public": The New Development of School Citizenship Education Curriculum of Japan (Studies in Foreign Education; Vol. 46, No. 9) Year of publication: 2018 Author: Sun Cheng | Karaki Kiyoshi Corporate author: Northeast Normal University The “Modern Society” subject of the Japanese high school will be completely changed to the “public” subject since 2022. Compared with the current “modern society” subject, the upcoming “public” subject have a lot of developments and changes in the objectives, content and learning methods. As a civic education curriculum, the “public” subject’s ideological function is more prominent, the practical orientation is more distinct, and the open characteristics are more prominent. However, there are still many controversies and topics in the course attributes, curriculum settings and evaluation methods of the “public” subject, which need to be further studied and discussed.