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National Identity through Historical Knowledge of School Year of publication: 2014 Author: ูุฑููุ ุนูู Corporate author: International Group for Consulting and Training (IGCT) The aim of this article is to shed light on educational functions of teaching history, especially with regard to the features of national identity and collective memory. The article focuses on the dimensions and representations of historical knowledge related to history presented in school. It makes use of time and space dimensions. It continues to cover dimensions of community and issues related to its main questions. It also tackles the educational, social, poltitical and cultural functions of teaching history and its importance in constructing learners indicators of national identity. The article tries also to analyse the dialectical relationship between two main aspects: the first one is the elements of sociopolitical and cultural context that dominate the scene, and the developments in academic history and educational and didactic research. The second one is the developments in the speech of school history declared in the educational documents, such as educational curriculum, textbooks and didactic supports. The study concluded that the school's historic speech data hostage dynamic transformations of social and political view with evoke disparities recorded in the degree of attendance between the social and political forces within the national political scene in Morocco. The scientific developments that the teaching of history field has known impose on the contents of history textbook, specifically the national identity issues, to adopt a different strategy; the curriculum makers, the textbook and cognitive contents writers of social materials have tried to elaborate and develop it to respond to the aspirations of the principle of cultural pluralism, which is printed a lot of communities. 
Value of Justice Application Degree in School from the Perspective of High School Students in Mecca Year of publication: 2016 Author: ุญู
ุฏุ ุญูุงุฉ ุนุจุฏ ุงูุนุฒูุฒ ู
ุญู
ุฏ ููุงุฒ Corporate author: International Group for Consulting and Training (IGCT) The study aimed to clarify the status of the Value of Justice in Islamic education and identify the degree to which this value is applied by the school headmaster, the teacher and the school advisor from the perspective of secondary school students, in the Mecca city community. The study used the descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire containing 42 items distributed among 3 axes: the principal, the teacher, the advisor. The sample consisted of 395 males and females, selected randomly. The results showed that the degree of application by the teacher of the justice value as a whole came first, followed by the degree of application by the headmaster, while the degree of application by the school advisor came third. The assumptions of the study found that there are statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of gender (male, female) in favor of males regarding the degree of application of the justice value by the headmaster and the teacher, whereas there were no statistically significant difference regarding the application by the advisor attributed to the gender variable. The study found statistically significant differences due to the variable of specialization (literary/scientific) in favor of literary students while there were no differences due to the variable of education level. 
The Relationship Between Social Cohesion and Cultural Alienation and Identity Crisis and Moral Values among High School Students Year of publication: 2017 Author: ุงูุฒูุฑุงููุ ุนูู ุจู ู
ุณุชูุฑ Corporate author: International Group for Consulting and Training (IGCT) The current research aimed to detect the relationship between social cohesion, on one hand, and cultural alienation, the identity crisis and moral values among high school's students, on the other. The participants of this research were (221) students from high school in Jeddah city. The results showed a positive correlation between social cohesion, cultural alienation, identity crisis and moral values. The study's results also pointed that there were no differences between male and female students on the social cohesion scale. 
The Image of the Other in Moroccan Educational Programs between Ambitious Objectives and Limited Efficiency Year of publication: 2014 Author: ุญู
ูุฏุ ุนุจุฏ ุงูุฅูู Corporate author: International Group for Consulting and Training (IGCT) This study aims to shed light on the image of โthe Otherโ in Moroccan schoolsโ curricula, at the secondary and preparatory levels, including teachers. The study addresses the image of the Other in of history books and school programs. It attempts to diagnose the nature of the image of the Other in history books using content analysis techniques that is based on the extraction of relevant signs and phrases and classifying them into thematic categories in order to draw a general picture of the Other.The study used a questionnaire to monitor a sample of among history teachers regarding their representations of the Other. The study tried to provide a set of recommendations and practical suggestions that aim to correct distortions and problems that characterize the current programs. The study advocates a new approach to teaching history that is based on the principles of education on cultural diversity and โtoleranceโ which should be the regulating framework for values and measures of the educational system in a multicultural society such as the Moroccan society. 
The Extent to which the Students of Qassim University Posses the Dialogue Culture and Its Role in Promoting Tolerance Year of publication: 2017 Author: ุงูุตู
ุงุฏูุ ููุฏ ุณู
ุนุงู Corporate author: International Group for Consulting and Training (IGCT) The current study aimed to identify the extent to which the students of Qassim University possess the dialogue culture and its role in promoting tolerance from their point of view. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire which was applied on a stratified study sample.The researcher adopted the analytical descriptive approach. The outcomes showed that the degree of possessing the culture of dialogue among the students was average with an arithmetic meanุand there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender variable. In addition, the findings detected that there were statistically significant differences attributed to study year and to the discipline variable and that the role of dialogue culture in promoting tolerance was average with an arithmetic mean.The intellectual tolerance had the highest mean, whereas the social tolerance had the lowest mean. Furthermore, the results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender variable, and that there were statistically significant differences attributed to the study year variable. The researcher recommends that more studies should be conducted in the domain of social tolerance.