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Proceedings of the thematic session on education for sustainable development: towards effective disaster reduction and enhancing human security; cluster 3: knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience Year of publication: 2005 Author: Rajib Shaw | Badaoui Rouhban Corporate author: Kyoto University. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies | Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction | Global Open Learning Forum on Risk Education | Disaster Reduction Alliance | International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Ten years ago, the city of Kobe and its adjoining areas in Hyogo prefecture of Japan were hit by a strong earthquake, leaving behind a trail of death and destruction. This earthquake was a turning point in disaster reduction initiatives in Japan, resulting in two prominent changes: 1) a blending of technological and social issues in the field of research and application, and 2) an enhanced participation of civil society in disaster reduction Initiatives. Since Japan had long been one of the most developed countries in the field of earthquake engineering, the tragedy in Kobe posed a daunting question: 'how to fill the gap between knowledge and practice?' This question is not only for Japan, but is pertinent to many other countries. With the advancement of technology, the knowledge base is growing, and it is now time to tackle this question in order to save lives and properties from natural disasters. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR), at the 10th anniversary of the Kobe earthquake, is therefore of special significance, providing an excellent platform to share experiences, expertise, and lessons from different parts of the world. The year 2005 is also the beginning of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD: 2005-2014) which is led by UNESCO. 
Disaster reduction and human security: education for sustainable development; case studies and best practices Year of publication: 2005 Corporate author: Kyoto University. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Disaster reduction, human security, education and sustainable development are the four key issues, which are considered in the current compilation. A quick glance of the case studies will tell us the varieties of focus areas. WCD R Thematic Cluster 3 (Knowledge, Innovation and Education: To Build a Culture of Safety and Resilience) identifies four themes under the cluster: Education, Research, Public Awareness and Community Empowerment. A majority of case studies focus on community activities, especially on ho w the communities were able to cope with different types of disasters in different socio-economic context. These are all learning processes for the community, especially to enhance the resilience among its members. A number of these studies include public awareness, training and capacity building programmes. Quite a number of case studies focus on professional expertise, like microzonation, mapping, planning, hazard assessment, and development of risk reduction tools. These are all related to education and research. There are some case studies, which focus on formal education at school and colleges, but are linked to practical learning exercise. Distance learning has appeared as one of the possible media to reach the global mass, and to reach the farthest and the most needy group. The link between on-site testing and on-line learning has been emphasized by several case studies.