Resources
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What Factors Cause Youth to Reject Violent Extremism?: Results of an Exploratory Analysis in the West Bank Year of publication: 2015 Author: Kim Cragin | Melissa A. Bradley | Eric Robinson | Paul S. Steinberg Corporate author: RAND Corporation Continued terrorist attacks and the involvement of foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq have prompted a surge of interest among policymakers, law enforcement, journalists, and academics on both sides of the Atlantic on the topic of terrorist radicalization. Many of the factors that push or pull individuals toward radicalization are in dispute within the expert community. Instead of examining the factors that lead to radicalization and the commission of terrorist acts, this report takes a new approach. What Factors Cause Youth to Reject Violent Extremism? Results of an Exploratory Analysis in the West Bank empirically addresses the topic of why youth reject violent extremism. To do this, the authors focus on the Palestinian West Bank. The report begins with a theoretical model and then tests this model with data gathered through structured interviews and a survey. For this study, ten semistructured interviews were conducted with politicians from Hamas and Fatah in 2012. Along with these interviews, the authors conducted a survey among 600 youth (ages 18โ30) who lived in Hebron, Jenin, and Ramallah.The overarching findings from this effort demonstrate that (1) rejecting violent extremism, for residents of the West Bank, is a process with multiple stages and choices within each stage; (2) family plays a greater role than friends in shaping attitudes toward nonviolence; (3) demographics do not have a significant impact on attitudes toward nonviolence; and (4) opposing violence in theory is distinct from choosing not to engage in violence. 
Education of Syrian Refugee Children: Managing the Crisis in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan Year of publication: 2015 Author: Shelly Culbertson | Louay Constant Corporate author: RAND Corporation With four million Syrian refugees as of September 2015, there is urgent need to develop both short-term and long-term approaches to providing education for the children of this population. This report reviews Syrian refugee education for children in the three neighboring countries with the largest population of refugees โ Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan โ and analyzes four areas: access, management, society, and quality. Policy implications include prioritizing the urgent need to increase access to education among refugees; transitioning from a short-term humanitarian response to a longer-term development response; investing in both government capacity to provide education and in formal, quality alternatives to the public school systems; improving data in support of decisionmaking; developing a deliberative strategy about how to integrate or separate Syrian and host-country children in schools to promote social cohesion; limiting child labor and enabling education by creating employment policies for adults; and implementing particular steps to improve quality of education for both refugees and citizens. 
Media Literacy Education to Counter Truth Decay: An Implementation and Evaluation Framework Year of publication: 2021 Author: Alice Huguet | John F. Pane | Garrett Baker | Laura S. Hamilton | Susannah Faxon-Mills Corporate author: RAND Corporation Media literacy (ML) education has emerged as a promising approach to slowing the spread of Truth Decay, described as the diminishing role that facts, data, and analysis play in political and civil discourse. Several factors contribute to Truth Decay, including a rapidly evolving information ecosystem and overburdened educational institutions. Many teachers believe their students lack the complex skills that are necessary to navigate todayโs information- saturated world. This gapโbetween studentsโ existing competencies and those required to engage responsibly in a fast-paced media environmentโ could lead to negative consequences for individuals and society writ large.However, teachers report a lack of guidance around promoting ML education in their practice, and rigorous research about what kinds of ML educationwork best, and in what conditions, remains limited. This report presents a framework for implementing and evaluating ML educational efforts. Following an introduction to the framework, the authors discuss six steps of ML implementation and evaluation: setting ML learning expectations; identifying conditions that can influence ML instructional efforts; exploring instructional resources; identifying measures of ML competencies; monitoring progress; and finally, measuring the summative impacts of ML education on student learning. By bringing this information together for implementorsโsuch as district decisionmakers and teachersโas well as evaluators, the authors emphasize the important connections between these too often separate groups. 
Promoting Youth Well-Being Through Health and Education: Insights and Opportunities Year of publication: 2019 Author: Wing Yi Chan | Jennifer Sloan | Anita Chandra Corporate author: RAND Corporation Putting well-being at the heart of planning, policy making, and resource allocation is emerging as critical to the development of thriving communities and nations. We examined the academic and grey literature to identify theoretical frameworks that integrate health and education. We identified and described policies and programs supporting well-being around the world, and interviewed experts from each location to gain a deeper understanding of them.The report found that although wellbeing frameworks that integrate education and health exist, few of them have been examined rigorously to reveal how both educational and health outcomes can be achieved together.