Resources
Explore a wide range of valuable resources on GCED to deepen your understanding and enhance your research, advocacy, teaching, and learning.
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Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research Year of publication: 2023 Author: Fengchun Miao | Wayne Holmes Corporate author: UNESCO This Guidance aims to support the planning of appropriate regulations, policies and human capacity development programmes to ensure that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes a tool that genuinely benefits and empowers teachers, learners and researchers. It explains the Al techniques used by GenAI and maps out a list of GPT models that are made publicly available, especially those under open-source licences. It also opens a discussion on the emergence of EdGPT - GenAI models that are trained with specific data to serve educational purposes. Furthermore, it summarizes some of the key controversies around GenAI, from worsening digital poverty to the homogenization of opinions, and from deeper deepfakes to issues of copyright. Based on a humanistic vision, the Guidance proposes key steps for the regulation of GenAI tools, including mandating the protection of data privacy and setting an age limit for independent conversations with GenAI platforms. To guide the proper use of the tools in education and research, this Guidance proposes a human-agent and age-appropriate approach to the ethical validation and pedagogical design processes. 
Readiness Assessment Methodology: A Tool of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO In November 2021, the 193 Member States of UNESCO signed the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the first global normative instrument in its domain. The Recommendation serves as a comprehensive and actionable framework for the ethical development and use of AI, encompassing the full spectrum of human rights. It does so by maintaining focus on all stages of the AI system lifecycle. Beyond elaborating the values and principles that should guide the ethical design, development and use of AI, the Recommendation lays out the actions required from Member States to ensure the upholding of such values and principles, through advocating for effective regulation and providing recommendations in various essential policy areas, such as gender, the environment, and communication and information. With these values, principles, and policy areas in mind, the UNESCO Secretariat elaborated a programme for the implementation of the Recommendation, with the core aim of building national capacities to discharge the actions set out in the Recommendation and bolster regulatory frameworks. The Recommendation mandated the development of two key tools, the Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and the Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA), which form the core pillars of the implementation. These tools both aim to assess and promote the resilience of existing laws, policies and institutions to AI implementation in the country, as well as the alignment of AI systems with the values and principles set out in the Recommendation. The goal of this document is to provide more information on the Readiness Assessment Methodology, lay out its various dimensions, and detail the work plan for the implementing countries, including the type of entities that need to be involved, responsibilities of each entity, and the split of work between UNESCO and the implementing country. 
Asia-Pacific Regional Synthesis: Climate Change, Displacement and the Right to Education Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) | UNESCO Bangkok In 2020, 30.7 million people were displaced by natural disasters – disasters which the scientific community acknowledges are more frequent and more intense as a result of climate change. In Asia and the Pacific alone, 21.3 million people were displaced, making it the region the most impacted by national disasters and climate change in the world. Therefore, country case studies were carried out in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Tuvalu, and Viet Nam to examine not only specific vulnerabilities to climate change and related mobility, but also the impacts of climate change on the right to education in Asia and the Pacific. These case studies show that climate change directly threatens education – through the destruction of schools and property – but also indirectly puts education in peril by forcing people to cross borders, ensuring neither legal residency nor the right to education. This regional synthesis report aims to guide policy-makers through providing operational policy recommendations on how to ensure education is protected in Asia and the Pacific in the face of climate change and displacement from a human rights-based approach. The report is one of four being developed and will contribute to the global initiative on climate change and displacement and the right to education – launched by UNESCO in 2020 – by informing the development of a Global Report with global policyrecommendations.How climate change impacts the right to education in Asia and the Pacific21.3million displacementstook place in Asia and the Pacific 
Leave No One Behind: Gender Equality in Transforming Education Summit National Commitments Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO The Transforming Education Summit was convened in response to a global crisis in education – one of equity and inclusion, quality and relevance. This paper applies a gender lens to the national statements of commitments made by countries during the Summit. It considers the scope of commitments to gender equality and gender- transformative education, common gender themes and considerations emerging across commitments, and notable gaps. It aims to inform future actions by the Global Platform to Drive Leadership and Accountability for Gender Equality and Girls’ and Women’s Empowerment in and through Education, and support to country action to transform education systems to advance gender equality. 
#HerEducationOurFuture: Innovation and Technology for Gender Equality; the Latest Facts on Gender Equality in Education Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team Gender gaps persist in innovation and technology Innovation and technology can be instrumental in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of girls and women. Achieving this requires girls and women to be involved in the fields of technology and innovation and their rights in online spaces to be protected. 
Artificial Intelligence Needs Assessment Survey in Africa Year of publication: 2021 Author: Prateek Sibal | Bhanu Neupane Corporate author: UNESCO There are encouraging signs of AI innovation and development across Africa, from community run AI classes over weekends, AI training bootcamps for students and young researchers to the establishment of private sector and government driven innovation hubs across the continent. Even as there is an enormous potential for AI development, there are also legacy challenges in terms of infrastructure availability as well as human and institutional capacity gaps to develop and govern AI to optimise benefits and minimise harms. Building upon the recommendations of UNESCO report Steering AI and Advanced ICTs for Knowledge Societies, the findings of this survey aim to bridge the information gap concerning the strategic priorities, policy measures, developmental challenges, human and institutional capacity needs, and legal frameworks concerning AI in African countries. 
Communication Strategy: UNESCO Guidance on Communicating on Gender Equality in and through Education Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO About 259 million children and youth are out of school according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, including 127 million girls and 132 million boys. Twothirds of the 750 million non-literate adults around the world are women. This gender disparity remains one of the persistent challenges in adult literacy and education. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing challenges, disrupting the education of over 1.5 billion learners. UNESCO estimates that close to 24 million children and youth, including over 11 million girls and 13 million boys, may drop out of school due to the pandemic’s economic impact. A window of opportunity is now more than ever open to build back equal. This communication strategy is designed to provide strategic guidance on communicating on gender equality in and through education. While prepared for UNESCO Education Sector staff, including those at Headquarters, in Field/Regional/Cluster Offices and in Institutes as well as for implementing partners, a broader audience of gender focal points, partners, Member States and others with an interest in and commitment to gender equality in and through education may also find this strategy particularly useful. 
The Right to Education: What’s at Stake in Afghanistan?; A 20-Year Review Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: UNESCO This report takes stock of the achievements in education made by Afghanistan over the past 20 years and sets out immediate action to safeguard the right to education for all learners following deep political change in the country in 2021.Although Afghanistan lags far behind countries across South and West Asia on most development indicators, it has made impressive progress in education over two decades. Enrolment has increased ten-fold, with substantial gains for girls and female literacy. Female teachers have been hired. Steady efforts have been made to expand the school network across the country.The country has ratified key international normative instruments relating to the right to education; enshrined this right in the Constitution and adopted a wide range of policy measures to increase access, improve education quality and reduce gender, socio- economic and rural/urban disparities.But the challenges remain colossal, with half the primary school-aged children not enrolled in school and very low learning outcomes. The country is highly dependent on external aid to sustain its education system. It needs to uphold state obligations on the right to education without any discrimination and continue removing barriers that impede progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal on education to build the country’s future. 
Spotlight on Basic Education Completion and Foundational Learning in Africa, 2022: Born to Learn Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO | Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) | African Union This publication is the first in a three-part Spotlight series. It is produced by a partnership between the Global Education Monitoring Report, the Association for the Development of Education in Africa and the African Union.The report focuses on why learning levels in the region are low. All children are born to learn yet only one in five children in Africa who reach the end of primary school achieve the minimum proficiency level required to continue their education and fulfil their potential. Combining completion and learning statistics, the report shows that children in Africa are at least five times less likely than children in the rest of the world to be prepared for the future.Given the historically low levels of learning on the continent, fresh thinking is needed to translate the CESA and SDG 4 commitments into focused, coordinated, well-informed and appropriately funded actions. The report contains eight policy-oriented recommendations for driving change. 
Addressing Hate Speech: Educational Responses Year of publication: 2022 Author: Nicole Fournier-Sylvester Corporate author: UNESCO | UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect This paper is part of a collection of discussion papers, commissioned and produced by UNESCO and the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide (OSAPG).The papers are a direct contribution to the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action and are published in the context of the Multistakeholder Forum and Ministerial Conference on Addressing Hate Speech through Education in September and October 2021.The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pertinence of the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action, generating a wave of hate speech across the world –further exacerbating intolerance and discrimination towards particular groups and destabilizing societies and political systems. The discussion papers seek to unpack key issues related to this global challenge and propose possible responses and recommendations.