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Education for sustainable development and climate change Year of publication: 2009 Corporate author: UNESCO The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its 2007 report, stated unequivocally that humans are contributing to climate change. People’s actions are intensifying the climate’s natural variability, and the Earth’s temperature is rising. Scientists make a distinction between climate variability (where climatic variations are attributable to natural causes) and climate change (where human activities are altering the atmospheric composition). Human induced (or anthropogenic) climate change is caused by increased production of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide, the main contributor, is produced primarily by the burning of fossil fuels — oil, gas and coal. Although methane occurs in smaller quantities than CO2, it has higher warming effects. Increased methane production is linked to increased levels of livestock farming for meat production. Warming of permafrost areas in Siberia and Canada may also contribute significantly to an increase of methane emissions, since permafrost lakes store methane gases. Increases in greenhouse gas production are directly linked to the post-1750 period of industrialisation in Western countries. These gases now far exceed the natural rate of greenhouse gas production as measured in pre-industrial era ice cores spanning many thousands of years. The IPCC projects that global average temperatures are likely to rise by 1.8 - 4 degrees Celsius by 2100. This might sound small, but the difference between today’s temperatures and the last Ice Age is around 4-5%. A small temperature rise is likely to have a substantial impact. It may also take many years for the real impact of current rises in temperature to show. Even if people substantially reduced CO2 emissions tomorrow, the atmosphere would go on warming for a long time to come. Changes in temperature will impact on the whole of the Earth’s system, and on human activities everywhere. Projected impacts include warming of the oceans, melting of the icecaps, sea level rise, unpredictable weather patterns, increased flooding and droughts, loss of biodiversity, changes in agricultural productivity, increased health risks, massive human migration and economic decline. Scientists are worried that change will be faster than expected due to ‘positive feedback’, which is a process where the warming fuels itself, causing accelerated temperature increase. The acceleration of climate change needs to be reduced urgently, and everyone everywhere needs to be involved. Address by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development; New Delhi, 11 November 2012 Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO. Director-General, 2009-2017 (Bokova, I.G.) This address was presented by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development. Discours de Mme Irina Bokova, Directrice générale de l'UNESCO, à l'occasion de l'Institut Mahatma Gandhi d'éducation pour la paix et le développement durable; New Delhi, le 11 Novembre 2012 Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO. Director-General, 2009-2017 (Bokova, I.G.) Cette adresse a été présentée par Irina Bokova, Directrice générale de l'UNESCO à l'occasion de l'Institut Mahatma Gandhi d'éducation pour la paix et le développement durable. Education pour le développement durable et le changement climatique Year of publication: 2009 Corporate author: UNESCO Le Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), dans son rapport de 2007, a déclaré sans équivoque que les humains contribuent au changement climatique. Les actions des gens intensifient la variabilité naturelle du climat, et la température de la Terre augmente. Les scientifiques font une distinction entre la variabilité du climat (où les variations climatiques sont attribuables à des causes naturelles) et le changement climatique (où les activités humaines modifient la composition de l'atmosphère). Human induite (ou anthropique) le changement climatique est causé par une production accrue de gaz à effet de serre, dont le dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le méthane et l'oxyde nitreux. Le dioxyde de carbone, le principal contributeur, est produit principalement par la combustion de combustibles fossiles - pétrole, gaz et charbon. Bien que le méthane se produit en plus petites quantités que le CO2, il a des effets de réchauffement plus élevés. Augmentation de la production de méthane est liée à l'augmentation des niveaux de l'élevage pour la production de viande. Le réchauffement des zones de pergélisol en Sibérie et au Canada peut également contribuer de manière significative à une augmentation des émissions de méthane, car les gaz lacs du pergélisol magasin de méthane. L'augmentation de la production de gaz à effet de serre sont directement liés à la période post-1750 de l'industrialisation dans les pays occidentaux. Ces gaz dépassent aujourd'hui de loin le taux naturel de la production de gaz à effet de serre, tel que mesuré dans les carottes de glace de l'ère pré-industrielle couvrant plusieurs milliers d'années. Les projets du GIEC que les températures moyennes mondiales sont susceptibles d'augmenter de 1,8 à 4 degrés Celsius d'ici 2100. Cela peut paraître faible, mais la différence entre les températures d'aujourd'hui et la dernière période glaciaire est d'environ 4-5%. Une petite augmentation de la température est susceptible d'avoir un impact important. Il peut également prendre de nombreuses années pour l'impact réel de courant augmente la température à montrer. Même si les gens les émissions de CO2 demain considérablement réduit, l'atmosphère irait réchauffer pendant une longue période à venir. Les changements de température auront un impact sur l'ensemble du système de la Terre, et sur les activités humaines partout. Les impacts projetés comprennent le réchauffement des océans, la fonte des calottes glaciaires, l'élévation du niveau de la mer, des conditions météorologiques imprévisibles, l'augmentation des inondations et des sécheresses, la perte de la biodiversité, les changements dans la productivité agricole, l'augmentation des risques pour la santé, la migration humaine massive et le déclin économique. Les scientifiques craignent que le changement sera plus rapide que prévu en raison de «Rétroaction Positive», qui est un processus où les réchauffement se carburants, provoquant accéléré augmentation de la température. L'accélération du changement climatique doit être réduite de toute urgence, et tout le monde partout doit être impliqué. Declaración de Aichi-Nagoya sobre la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible Year of publication: 2014 Corporate author: UNESCO We, the participants of the UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development held in AichiNagoya, Japan, from 10 to 12 November 2014, adopt this Declaration and call for urgent action to further strengthen and scale up Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), in order to enable current generations to meet their needs while allowing future generations to meet their own, with a balanced and integrated approach regarding the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. This Declaration recognises that people are at the centre of sustainable development and builds on the achievements of the United Nations (UN) Decade of ESD (2005-2014); the deliberations of the UNESCO World Conference on ESD in Aichi-Nagoya; and the Stakeholder Meetings held in Okayama, Japan, from 4 to 8 November 2014, namely, UNESCO ASPnet International ESD events, the UNESCO ESD Youth Conference, the Global Regional Centres of Expertise Conference, and other relevant events and consultation processes, including regional ministerial meetings. We express our sincere gratitude to the Government of Japan for hosting the UNESCO World Conference on ESD. Éducation pour le développement durable: bonnes pratiques dans l'éducation de la petite enfance Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO To support the growing interest in early childhood issues and ESD, UNESCO is publishing this volume containing 12 examples of programmes addressing ESD in early childhood settings and practices. These good practices and shared experiences, which were provided by a range of different stakeholders, are concrete examples of successful implementation of ESD in different fields and sectors, from the political to the school level, and including formal, nonformal and informal learning situations. Education pour le développement durable: bonnes pratiques en matière de biodiversité Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO To support the growing interest in biodiversity issues and ESD, UNESCO is publishing this volume containing 24 examples of programmes addressing biodiversity in ESD settings and practices. These good practices and shared experiences, which were provided by a range of different stakeholders, are concrete examples of successful implementation of ESD in different fields and sectors, from the political to the school level, and including formal, non-formal and informal learning situations. Education for sustainable development; good practices in addressing biodiversity Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO To support the growing interest in biodiversity issues and ESD, UNESCO is publishing this volume containing 24 examples of programmes addressing biodiversity in ESD settings and practices. These good practices and shared experiences, which were provided by a range of different stakeholders, are concrete examples of successful implementation of ESD in different fields and sectors, from the political to the school level, and including formal, non-formal and informal learning situations. Education for sustainable development: building a better, fairer world for the 21st century Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviour and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way education is often practised today. UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014). Buenas prácticas de educación para el desarrollo sostenible en la primera infancia Year of publication: 2012 Corporate author: UNESCO To support the growing interest in early childhood issues and ESD, UNESCO is publishing this volume containing 12 examples of programmes addressing ESD in early childhood settings and practices. These good practices and shared experiences, which were provided by a range of different stakeholders, are concrete examples of successful implementation of ESD in different fields and sectors, from the political to the school level, and including formal, nonformal and informal learning situations.