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Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education; A Tool on Whose Terms? Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team This report recommends that technology should be introduced into education on the basis of evidence showing that it would be appropriate, equitable, scalable and sustainable. In other words, its use should be in learners’ best interests and should complement face-to-face interaction with teachers. It should be seen as a tool to be used on these terms. Midway to the deadline, the 2023 Global Education Monitoring Report assesses the distance still to go to reach the 2030 education targets. Education is the key to unlocking the achievement of other development objectives, not least the goal of technological progress. 
Empowering Minds: A Round Table on Generative AI and Education in Asia-Pacific Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Office Bangkok and Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific The emergence of generative AI, a recent groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology capable of producing sophisticated content from text and images to simulations and audiovisuals, has become a transformative force across multiple sectors. Popular applications like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude are prime examples of the rapidly expanding range of generative AI tools that are having an impact in education across the Asia-Pacific. These tools offer unprecedented opportunities for enabling personalized learning experiences at scale and expanding access to high-quality learning resources. However, as generative AI increasingly reshapes classrooms, critical questions remain unanswered, such as:- How can generative AI be ethically and responsibly integrated into educational settings?- What policies and safeguards are needed to address issues like misinformation, algorithmic bias and threats to academic integrity?- What challenges do Asia-Pacific countries face in harnessing generative AI in education, given the region’s unique context?- What are the strategies for Asia-Pacific countries to take up opportunities offered by generative AI, while mitigating the risks? In response to these questions and emerging challenges in the region, the UNESCO Regional Office in Bangkok (UNESCO Bangkok), in collaboration with The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO), organized the regional experts meeting on 7-9 November 2023 in Bangkok, Thailand. This hybrid meeting, titled ‘Empowering Minds: A Round Table on Generative AI and Education in Asia-Pacific’, explored the implications of generative AI for teacher training and development. It served as an important platform to leverage opportunities and mitigate risks of generative AI in education across the Asia-Pacific region. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2023, Southeast Asia: Technology in Education; A Tool on Whose Terms? Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: Global Education Monitoring Report Team | Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) Developed in partnership with the Southeast Asia Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO), and with the contribution of EdTech Hub, the fifth regional report focuses on technology in education in Southeast Asia. Characterized by a variety of contexts and resources, Southeast Asia has experienced a rapid growth in digital technology applications. In education, digital technologies have been identified for their potential to transform education and meet the region’s development aspirations. The regional report investigates both challenges and potentials, which technology as a tool and as a process can potentially contribute to, across and within countries, and education levels. The regional report on Southeast Asia covers 11 countries, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Extensive background research informs the regional analysis: 9 country case-studies compiled by local research teams and independent experts; 5 thematic studies produced by SEAMEO centers on open and distance learning, technology for students with disabilities, integration of technology in teaching practices, key policies issues in ICT in education; technology in technical and vocational education and training, and 3 research inputs on ICT in education practices produced by SEAMEO affiliate members and partners. 
[Summary] Global Education Monitoring Report Summary 2023: Technology in Education; A Tool on whose Terms? Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team Technology’s role in education has been sparking intense debate for a long time. Does it democratize knowledge or threaten democracy by allowing a select few to control information? Does it offer boundless opportunities or lead towards a technology-dependent future with no return? Does it level the playing field or exacerbate inequality? Should it be used in teaching young children or is there a risk to their development? The debate has been fuelled by the COVID-19 school closures and the emergence of generative artificial intelligence. But as developers are often a step ahead of decision makers, research on education technology is complex. Robust, impartial evidence is scarce. Are societies even asking the right questions about education before turning to technology as a solution? Are they recognizing its risks as they seek out its benefits? Information and communication technology has potential to support equity and inclusion in terms of reaching disadvantaged learners and diffusing more knowledge in engaging and affordable formats. In certain contexts, and for some types of learning, it can improve the quality of teaching and learning basic skills. In any case, digital skills have become part of a basic skills package. Digital technology can also support management and increase efficiency, helping handle bigger volumes of education data. But technology can also exclude and be irrelevant and burdensome, if not outright harmful. Governments need to ensure the right conditions to enable equitable access to education for all, to regulate technology use so as to protect learners from its negative influences, and to prepare teachers. This report recommends that technology should be introduced into education on the basis of evidence showing that it would be appropriate, equitable, scalable and sustainable. In other words, its use should be in learners’ best interests and should complement face-to-face interaction with teachers. It should be seen as a tool to be used on these terms. Midway to the deadline, the 2023 Global Education Monitoring Report assesses the distance still to go to reach the 2030 education targets. Education is the key to unlocking the achievement of other development objectives, not least the goal of technological progress. 
International Forum on AI and Education: Ensuring AI as a Common Good To Transform Education, 7–8 December 2021; Synthesis Report Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO The ‘International Forum on AI and the Futures of Education: Ensuring AI as a Common Good to Transform Education’ was co-organized by UNESCO, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, and the National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO. Building on the previous ‘AI and the Futures of Education’ forums, held in 2019 and 2020, this 2021 forum set out to explore the importance and role of digital humanism in AI and education. With people and governments worldwide becoming increasingly aware of both the potential and the challenges of AI and education, the forum engaged participants in dialogue about how AI governance and innovation can be enhanced for the common good. Forum participants included government ministers and other high-level ministry officials from Member States, together with representatives of international organizations, NGOs and academic institutions.This synthesis report has been developed by drawing from the International Forum on AI and the Futures of Education held in Beijing and simultaneously online from 7 to 8 December 2021. 
What Kind of Power Does Technology Have on the Development of Education: On the Development Principle of Technical Force in the Process of Educational Modernization (Modern Education Review; No.3, 2022) Year of publication: 2022 Author: 余清臣 In the process of continuously promoting the comprehensive modernization of education, the issue of what influence technology has on the development of education has caused many debates and disputes. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply explore the connotation of technology and the possible influence of technology on the development of education. Up to now, technology has been a concept with multiple connotations, which can be divided into two levels:core essence and peripheral influence. At present, the influence of technology with multiple connotations on educational development is manifested in three aspects:technology enriches and upgrades educational means, promotes and changes the action efficiency and life form of educational subjects, and influences and changes the way the educational world is organized. In the process of comprehensively promoting the modernization of education, the planning and application of technological forces in education should focus on promoting the all-round development of mankind in the world, not on defeating or replacing other forces, and pursue the organic combination with other forces. In addition, continuous introspection, feedback and correction are also very important. 
An Ed-Tech Tragedy? Educational Technologies and School Closures in the Time of COVID-19 Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Charting a new course for the transformation of education in a digital age An Ed-Tech Tragedy? is a detailed analysis of what happened when education became largely reliant on connected technology during school closures stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the largest global disruption to education in history.Many claim that this experience was chiefly one of forced progress and transformations that have, however haltingly, helped propel education into desirable digital futures. Others underline an experience of imperfect salvation – technology saving the day in an emergency and preserving learning continuity for significant numbers of students, even if not all students were helped. But the global evidence reveals a more sombre picture. It exposes the ways unprecedented educational dependence on technology often resulted in unchecked exclusion, staggering inequality, inadvertent harm and the elevation of learning models that place machines and profit before people. This publication examines the promises of educational technologies against the reality of what was delivered during periods of pandemic school closures, which stretched for various durations from early 2020 to the end of 2022. Dedicated sections consider alternate possibilities that had the potential to be more inclusive and equitable.The analysis extracts lessons and recommendations to chart new and more humanistic directions for the development, integration and use of technology in education. 
Learning Outcomes of Fifth and Sixth Graders in a Computer Course Using a Virtual Reality Website for Learning (Educational Journal ; Vol.48, No.1) Year of publication: 2020 Author: 曹永庆 | 林佳禾 In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) in games and teaching has become increasingly popular. The boundless nature of the Web and the uniqueness of multimedia in VR greatly enhance peer interaction as well as the interaction between learners and virtual objects on Webpages.Elementary schoolchildren’s habits of using Webpages depends upon the navigation interface design of the Webpages. Therefore, understanding the effectiveness of schoolchildren’s visual interaction with Webpages will help implement VR into Websites for schoolchildren.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the learning outcomes of 60 Taiwanese fifth and sixth graders in a computer course using VR Webpages. The experiment involved students learning through the tasks set on the VR Web platform “CoSpaces EDU.” The differences in their learning outcomes on the “5C key competencies” (i.e., communication and coordination skills, teamwork capabilities, problem-solving skills, independent thinking capabilities, and creativity) before and after the experiment were compared.Based on the results of expert assessment and students’ self-evaluation, paired-samples t test was conducted to compare the learning outcomes before and after implementing the VR teaching. Results show that the fifth and sixth graders were found to exhibit excellent 5C competencies after the experiment. 
Enhancing TVET through Digital Transformation in Developing Countries Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Technological advancements and digitalization are profoundly reshaping our work and lifestyle, business models and operations, and government policy choices. Digital transformation in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is the planned and structured introduction of automated and streamlined processes within institutions and national technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems through digital technology, with the goal of enhancing their scope, scale, efficiency and effectiveness and ultimately, driving their more sustainable development. This document provides overall perspective and five country case studies on digital transformation in TVET. Most countries studied face similar enabling factors: the digital infrastructure available; legal and policy frameworks; focused institutional change to improve the acquisition of digital skills; and the promotion of equality and inclusivity. To understand how digital transformation in TVET is occurring, the report analyses it at four levels: technical and technological development; curriculum and qualifications; teaching and learning using technology; and its contribution to the sustainability and resilience of societies. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2024, Pacific: Technology in Education; A Tool on Whose Terms? Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team | Commonwealth of Learning Information transmission and connectivity is crucial in the Pacific, a region characterized by high geographic dispersion. While the application of ICT in education has significant potentials, it is hindered by the region's limited and costly infrastructure. This edition accompanies the 2023 Global Education Monitoring Report, which acknowledges technology as a useful tool but invites the education community to question on whose terms it is deployed. The report considered four key policy areas of the Pacific Regional Education Framework (PacREF) (2018–2030): In terms of quality and relevance, mobile technology has offered an affordable and flexible approach to learning, and social media have improved communication between institutions, parents and learners. Moodle is the most widely used digital platform in the region. Textbooks are being digitalised and digital resources made available. Yet content is not always developed or adapted to local languages and cultural contexts. Open and distance learning has historically expanded learning pathways in the Pacific, specially in higher education and as a response to natural hazards. The University of South Pacific is a leading example of open and distance learning connecting campus across 12 countries. With the aim to enhance student outcomes and well-being, efforts have been made to incorporate digital skills into curricula and initiatives have increased outside formal education. Yet regulations do not adequately address threats from the use of technology to privacy, safety and well-being. With a focus on the teaching profession, countries leverage technology to provide training opportunities and transform the teaching profession. However, ICT training varies greatly across the region and limited digital infrastructure hinders technology integration into classrooms and teacher training. Three conditions need to be met for technology's potential to be fulfilled: equitable access to technology, appropriate governance and regulation, and sufficient teacher capacity. Supporting this publication is seven background thematic studies that provide a comprehensive overview of education technology issues; Commonwealth of Learning’s short case studies on some of its projects; a survey administered to key informed respondents from the region; and a series of country profiles on PEER, a policy dialogue resource describing policies and regulations related to technology in the region’s education systems.