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Supporting women participation in higher education in Eastern Africa: building sustainable and equitable higher education systems in Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda Year of publication: 2023 Author: Mitullah, Winnie V. | Forojalla, Sibrino | Basheka, Benon | Vieira do Nascimento, Daniele | Jallow, Saidou Sireh | Awol, Endris Adem | Feddal, Scheherazade Corporate author: UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) <Executive Summary>Some takeaways from the Report:Policy frameworks and various legislations have enhanced the implementation of programs aimed at improving women’s education from primary school to university level. At the Higher Education (HE) level, some progress has been made, but the institutions are lagging behind in having gender parity, more so in top leadership positions. Men dominate leadership positions. At lower education levels, progress is hampered by socio-economic and cultural gender inequities, and limited resources. Socio-cultural practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and early marriages have also had a negative effect on women’s advancement to HE.There are multiple factors that hinder women’s participation in HE and in reaching leadership positions. These include fewer women having PhD, maternal household engagement, limited time for participation in research and related activities that are a requirement for upward mobility as well as lack of child care and women-friendly facilities within universities. Ongoing mainstreaming of gender in HE is improving the situation, albeit minimal. More effort is needed to increase the number of women in HE. In addition, there is limited administrative commitment on the part of the universities to address gender inequality in leadership positions.Overall, HE institutions have not fully exploited opportunities that exist for gender advancement in HE, including potential partnerships for supporting the advancement of women. There is need for effective governance to achieve gender equality and collaboration between HE institutions, and development partners through public-private partnerships. Such partnerships have the potential for making resources available and for funding opportunities to enhance the support to women students, in particular those undertaking STEM courses which require more time for study.In Kenya, higher education has evolved over time from the technical and commercial institute in Nairobi – the Royal Technical College of East Africa – established in 1951 to offer technical courses within the East Africa region. The college was transformed to Royal Technical College in 1961, and later to the University of Nairobi in 1970. From this initial one university, Kenya currently has 32 chartered public universities, 9 public university constituent colleges, 21 chartered private universities and 3 private university constituent colleges.In South Sudan, at its commencement, missionary education did not provide for girls. When schools re-opened in August 1956, the Sudanese government authorities maintained the closure of the girls’ schools, irrespective of whether government or missionary, for the following four to five years. The impact has been the severe retardation of girls’ education for almost a generation. Tradition and tribal customs regarding gender equity are still very strong and dominant in everyday life. Consequently, traditional male stereotypes also dominate within almost all higher education institutions, including the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHEST) itself. This research is in fact the first time an effort is being made to investigate the participation of women in HE and in leadership positions in universities and other tertiary institutions. This explains the very limited response to the questions sent out to the institutions outside Juba. Today, however, a good start has been made in advancing girls’ education in general.In Uganda, under similar circumstances, women do not have good access to higher level jobs, positions, voice and wealth like men. The low representation of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions in the country can be traced back to the late start in women’s enrollment in modern schooling due to a number of factors.
UNESCO in action for gender equality: 2022-2023 Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO <Short summary>Intersecting Global Crises Cannot Be Solved Without Gender Equality The compounding global crises that have emerged and amplified over the past two years require transformative, structural solutions if we are to build and shape sustainable and peaceful societies. Education has experienced the largest disruption in history as a result of the COVID-19 health crisis. Biodiversity has seen a steep decline – at alarming rates – on both land and in the ocean. Conflicts and emergencies that destabilise progress towards just and peaceful societies have increased in number, while human rights violations are multiplying in new contexts, including online and offline. The decisions we make and the actions we take – now – will have consequences for generations to come.None of these intersecting crises can be solved by one country alone and none of them are gender neutral. Placing gender equality at the heart of multilateral action can harness the talents, ingenuity, and visions of one-half of the world’s population. The standards of ethics and human rights demand gender equality. So, too, do the numbers. Some of humankind’s greatest challenges require efficient and tangible solutions. The paradigm shift is needed now.Yet, despite a growing demand for equity and justice, the UN now predicts it will take almost three centuries to close the gender gap. Under that reality, UNESCO will continue to meet barriers to its mandate and vision since gender inequality has a direct impact on all areas in which UNESCO works.This report shows how UNESCO and its partners have provided concrete and effective solutions during the 2022-2023 biennium to advance gender equality. It has reduced inequalities in and through quality education; it has empowered women in science and technology for environmental action; it has promoted inclusion and combatted gender-based violence; it has bridged the digital gender divide and it has promoted gender equality and women’s empowerment in crisis, emergency and early recovery contexts.UNESCO’s Global Priority Gender Equality is more relevant than ever. Together, we can amplify and expand its reach and multiply gender-transformative results for the benefit of women and girls, men and boys, all around the world.
Inclusion and gender equality: brief on inclusion in education Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO <Brief on inclusion in education>Gender equality lies at the heart of inclusive education and efforts to ensure equal opportunities for all. To achieve inclusion and gender equality in and through education, governments must eliminate gender biases from curricula and learning materials, expand teacher training on gender-transformative pedagogy, and foster safe and inclusive learning environments to ensure that no one is left behind. This is key for the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on ensuring the right to inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning and SDG 5 on gender equality.<Introduction>Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis. Gender affects people’s lives every day in myriad ways. Gendered expectations, whether of oneself or of others, impact the choices people make. They structure people’s relationships and have the power to shape what people believe they can and should accomplish. Gendered power structures distribute and influence power, often resulting in systemic inequalities (UNESCO, 2021).Gender also intersects with other characteristics which can exacerbate education exclusion, such as age, geography, poverty, disability, ethnicity, indigeneity, language, religion, and migration or displacement status. Addressing the overlapping differences that create disadvantage and marginalization can help to build more inclusive and equitable education systems.Achieving gender equality in and through education is essential for inclusive education and inclusive societies. It is key to the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on ensuring the right to inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning and SDG 5 on gender equality. In any country’s context, this means ensuring all learners have equal access to all levels of education, equal educational pathways and equal opportunities to apply the outcomes of their education. A world where inclusion and gender equality in and through education is achieved allows girls and boys, women and men and non-binary people to have equal rights and opportunities to education and the power and agency to shape their lives and futures.This brief discusses how gender equality impacts learners’ inclusion and the ways in which gender equality and inclusion are interconnected in education.
Empowering women for the good of society: gender-based resilience Year of publication: 2023 Author: Squicciarini, Mariagrazia | Sarlat, Garance | Manca, Anna Rita Corporate author: UNESCO <Short Summary> Let’s change the resilience paradigmWhat are the root causes and drivers of resilience? Societal resilience is shaped by the unique roles that individuals play and their ability to respond to shocks, gender-based expectations and discriminations hinder women’s and girls’ ability to participate in, and contribute to, society. In times of crises, their vulnerability intensifies resulting in a weakened response that ripples throughout society.In response, UNESCO designed the first Gender-Based Resilience Framework. As a compass for inclusive policymaking, this report analyzes how differences in opportunities, needs and constraints impact resilience and proposes a measurement Framework based on: (1) fundamental human rights; (2) socioeconomic characteristics, such as health, education, work, political engagement, and climate justice; (3) contextual factors, such as values and perceptions.Moving beyond the standard approach of coping with and recovering from shocks; UNESCO calls for a gender-transformative resilience, which leverages the interrelations between individuals and institutions. Decision- and policy-makers, researchers, and gender equality advocates are invited to use and add to this Framework to effectively navigate through current and future crises.It is only by empowering all women and girls, and people of all genders, that we will be able to face the challenges ahead.
SDG In the Republic of Korea: Progress Report 2023 Year of publication: 2023 Author: Woohyun Chung | Haesik Jung | Yunjae Hwang | Dawoon Jung | Hyojung Han | Dokyun Kim | Jongho Ahn | Sangyoup Lee | Soeun Ahn | Jungwook Kim | Sangyun Lee | Jiyoung Lee | Sora Yi | Jewoo Hong | Miju Kim | Junghee Cho | Kyungah Koo | Yul Kwon Corporate author: Korea R. Statistics Research Institute | Statistics Korea It has been eight years since the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were adopted at the UN General Assembly, and nations began to work toward achieving them. Now we are halfway through the 2030 target period. As an authorized national focal point of SDG data, the Statistics Research Institute has been publishing a 『Sustainable Development Goals in the Republic of Korea: Progress Report』 annually, in keeping with their vision of providing support for ‘eviꠓdence-based decision-making’.『SDG in the Republic of Korea: Progress Report 2023』, released this, was designed as a compass identifying goals to be prioritized in policy implementation during the remaining period until 2030 to keep pace for achieving the SDGs. It is hoped that the report will help to point out the direction for policies responding to the crises and changes we are facing amid the COVID pandemic, the climate crisis, and war, through relevant indicators.
Effective Employment Policy: Realizing Women's Work Opportunities Year of publication: 2013 Author: Inna Maltseva | Alexandr Navotniy | Yana Chicherina | Gulnora Marufova | Jamoliddin Ismailov | Sherzod Kudbiev | Khaydar Tashmuradov Corporate author: UNDP Uzbekistan The analytical report aims to analyze the current situation of women and men in the field of employment, to identify the key causes of gender differences in the labor market of the country and to develop proposals for improving the effectiveness of employment policies to promote the employment opportunities of women.
Rising Beyond: Aiming towards a Brighter Future Year of publication: 2021 Author: Aarya Chavda As children, how do we truly define a better understanding towards the right to choose, right to dream and right to self-express? This book emphasizes on the true meaning that there is no duty more important than ensuring that children’s rights are respected.
Gender Digital Divide Assessment: Uzbekistan Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNDP Uzbekistan The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, realizing the negative impact of the gender digital divide on the development of the country, has included the issue of ensuring gender digital equality among its priorities. The United Nations Development Programme in Uzbekistan conducted an assessment to measure and analyze the main factors affecting the digital inclusion (or isolation) of women and girls, and recommended a number of actions that the Government can take to address existing gaps. 