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Towards More Gender Equality in Sport: Recommendations and Action Plan From the High Level Group on Gender Equality in Sport (2022) Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: European Commission | European Union (EU) Gender equality is a fundamental European Union (EU) principle. Enshrined in the Treaties, it is something the EU is actively trying to achieve – most recently through its Gender Equality Strategy 2021-2025. The Strategy aims to give women, men, girls and boys, in all their diversity, the freedom to pursue their chosen path in life and equal opportunities to thrive and to participate in and lead European society. Looking back at the steps already taken, the ‘Gender equality in sport – Proposal for strategic actions 2014-2020’ has certainly led to achievements, but the pace of reforms needs to be accelerated. Firstly, the principle of gender equality now underpins all actions funded under Erasmus+ Sport and projects supporting women’s sport are actively encouraged. Secondly, awareness raising is at the core of EU action in this field, notably through studies or discussions, such as within the Commission Expert Group on Good Governance. Finally, initiatives such as the annual #BeInclusive EU Sport Awards recognise those organisations using sport to increase social inclusion, including gender equality. In 2020, Commissioner Gabriel announced the setting up of an expert group with the aim of discussing the way forward and proposing future actions in the area of gender equality in sport to the European Commission, EU Member States and sports organisations. The work of the experts will lead to the implementation of concrete actions at local, national and European level. This report is the result of the work of the European Commission High-Level Group (HLG) on Gender Equality in Sport. The 15 members of the HLG were appointed in December 2020. Work began in February 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Meetings focused on six areas of engagement identified by the experts. Scientists and practitioners shared findings of their research and good practices. Each meeting was followed by working sessions to summarise the presentations and formulate recommendations. 
Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models Year of publication: 2024 Author: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky Corporate author: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally. 
“I Don’t Have a Gender, Consciousness, or Emotions. I’m Just a Machine Learning Model” Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) An introduction to a forthcoming Gender bias in Artificial Intelligence report coming out on March 8, 2024. As we stand on the precipice of a technological revolution driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is imperative to ensure that this future is shaped equitably, representing all genders. With this essay we are excited to announce our forthcoming in-depth report on Gender and Artificial Intelligence in a partnership between IRCAI and UNESCO, set for release on March 8, 2024. As we prepare for this milestone event, we extend an invitation to experts, scholars, and all interested stakeholders to join us in our research. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2024: Gender Report; Technology on Her Terms Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team The 2024 Gender Report tells the increasingly positive story of girls’ education access, attainment and achievement, which is helping reverse decades of discrimination. But there is much more to say on gender equality in and through education. A companion to the 2023 GEM Report, this report looks at the interaction between education and technology with a gender lens. First, it looks at the impact of technology on girls’ education opportunities and outcomes. Although many instances are seen of radio, television and mobile phones providing a learning lifeline for girls, particularly in crisis contexts, gender divides exist globally in both access to technology and in digital skills, although the latter are smaller among youth compared to among adults. Biased social and cultural norms inhibit equitable access to and engagement with technology in and outside of school, with girls always left on the wrong side of the divide. While technology offers many girls opportunities to access important education content in safe environments, for instance on comprehensive sexuality education, technology in practice often exacerbates negative gender norms or stereotypes. Social media usage impacts learners’ and particularly girls’ well-being and self-esteem. The ease with which cyberbullying can be magnified through the use of online devices in the school environment is a cause of concern, as is the biased design of artificial intelligence algorithms. Second, the report looks into the role of education on the shape of future technological development. It shows that women struggle to pursue STEM careers, which manifests from an early age in the form of anxiety in mathematics and develops into a reluctance to study STEM subjects, ultimately resulting in a lack of women in the technology workforce. Women make up only 35% STEM graduates, and hold only a quarter of science, engineering and ICT jobs. Ensuring women participate on equal terms in shaping the world’s ongoing digital transformation will ensure that technology works for everyone and takes into consideration the needs of all humanity. 
Training for Citizenship in Gender Equality at Elementary Education(Sinéctica, Revista electrónica de educación; no. 60) Year of publication: 2023 Author: Denys Serrano Arenas | Azucena de la Concepción Ochoa Cervantes Corporate author: Sinéctica, Revista Electrónica de Educación Gender equality is a purpose from educational policies aimed to eliminating sociocultu-ral inequalities that limit the exercise of children's rights. At present, gender stereotypes that legitimize the roles exercised by girls and boys that limit the forms of participation persist, promoting different levels of exclusion in school life. The objective of this work is to analyze the perceptions of a group of sixth grade students, about how they consider they should participate in school dynamics due to their gender condition, to detect tho-se stereotypes that influence the practice of their participation. A descriptive study was carried out using a Likert-type questionnaire to 64 students. The results show that gen-der stereotypes are reproduced that provide children with greater ease and freedom to express themselves, as well as to make decisions. Modifications in the care roles were also identified, within which, they begin to have greater interference. In parallel, it was found that these stereotypes represent structural difficulties for the self-recognition of the par-ticipatory capacities of girls. It is recommended to take participation as a fundamental element for the exercise of citizenship in gender equality.