Resources
Explore a wide range of valuable resources on GCED to deepen your understanding and enhance your research, advocacy, teaching, and learning.
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Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO This Recommendation addresses ethical issues related to the domain of Artificial Intelligence to the extent that they are within UNESCO’s mandate. The protection of human rights and dignity is the cornerstone of this Recommendation. It is based on the advancement of fundamental principles such as transparency and fairness, and remembers the importance of human oversight of AI systems. However, what makes the Recommendation exceptionally applicable are its extensive Policy Action Areas, which allow policymakers to translate the core values and principles into action with respect to data governance, environment and ecosystems, gender, education and research, and health and social wellbeing, among many other spheres. 
Harnessing the Era of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Primer for Higher Education Stakeholders Year of publication: 2023 Author: Bosen Lily Liu | Diana Morales | Jaime Roser-Chinchilla | Emma Sabzalieva | Arianna Valentini | Daniele Vieira do Nascimento | Clarisa Yerovi Corporate author: UNESCO | UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) The International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNESCO IESALC) is one of UNESCO’s key education-focused institutes and is the only institute in the United Nations with a specific mandate for higher education. Taking a holistic and integrated intersectoral and cross-sectoral approach to higher education, UNESCO IESALC provides support to Member States through policy-driven and action-oriented research and publications, capacity development, training, advocacy and networking. Following the release of a Quick Start Guide on using ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education, UNESCO IESALC is pleased to offer to the wider community of higher education stakeholders worldwide this Primer on AI and higher education. Providing information and tips for developing further thinking and policies related to the use of AI processes and outcomes in higher education institutions, the Primer is a comprehensive and comprehensible introduction to AI. It also serves as a practical tool for guidance and reference with recommendations for its use in higher education. 
Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research Year of publication: 2023 Author: Fengchun Miao | Wayne Holmes Corporate author: UNESCO This Guidance aims to support the planning of appropriate regulations, policies and human capacity development programmes to ensure that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes a tool that genuinely benefits and empowers teachers, learners and researchers. It explains the Al techniques used by GenAI and maps out a list of GPT models that are made publicly available, especially those under open-source licences. It also opens a discussion on the emergence of EdGPT - GenAI models that are trained with specific data to serve educational purposes. Furthermore, it summarizes some of the key controversies around GenAI, from worsening digital poverty to the homogenization of opinions, and from deeper deepfakes to issues of copyright. Based on a humanistic vision, the Guidance proposes key steps for the regulation of GenAI tools, including mandating the protection of data privacy and setting an age limit for independent conversations with GenAI platforms. To guide the proper use of the tools in education and research, this Guidance proposes a human-agent and age-appropriate approach to the ethical validation and pedagogical design processes. 
Readiness Assessment Methodology: A Tool of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO In November 2021, the 193 Member States of UNESCO signed the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the first global normative instrument in its domain. The Recommendation serves as a comprehensive and actionable framework for the ethical development and use of AI, encompassing the full spectrum of human rights. It does so by maintaining focus on all stages of the AI system lifecycle. Beyond elaborating the values and principles that should guide the ethical design, development and use of AI, the Recommendation lays out the actions required from Member States to ensure the upholding of such values and principles, through advocating for effective regulation and providing recommendations in various essential policy areas, such as gender, the environment, and communication and information. With these values, principles, and policy areas in mind, the UNESCO Secretariat elaborated a programme for the implementation of the Recommendation, with the core aim of building national capacities to discharge the actions set out in the Recommendation and bolster regulatory frameworks. The Recommendation mandated the development of two key tools, the Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) and the Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA), which form the core pillars of the implementation. These tools both aim to assess and promote the resilience of existing laws, policies and institutions to AI implementation in the country, as well as the alignment of AI systems with the values and principles set out in the Recommendation. The goal of this document is to provide more information on the Readiness Assessment Methodology, lay out its various dimensions, and detail the work plan for the implementing countries, including the type of entities that need to be involved, responsibilities of each entity, and the split of work between UNESCO and the implementing country. 
Reading and Writing in Digital Culture: Trends and Education Year of publication: 2023 Author: Carina Maguregui Corporate author: Educ.ar This video presents an expanded talk whose central theme or narrative thread, «Reading and writing in digital culture: trends and education», provides a contextual framework for three possible itineraries or expansions: a.) Artificial intelligence as a virtual assistant for writing and other productions; b) Ecosystem of screens and platforms, and c) The right to digital disconnection.Each expansion—itinerary or talk—is self-contained, has a presentation, development and closure. However, the three complement each other and, in some way, dialogue with each other. The most important thing is that they provide a much richer overview. 
The Effects of AI on the Working Lives of Women Year of publication: 2022 Author: Clementine Collett | Gina Neff | Livia Gouvea Gomes Corporate author: UNESCO | Inter-American Development Bank | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) The use of AI technologies will affect women’s opportunities for work, and their position, status and treatment in the workplace. Around the globe, women in the labour force earn less than men, spend more time undertaking unpaid child- and elder-care jobs, hold fewer senior positions, participate less in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, and tend to hold more precarious jobs overall. In harnessing AI, governments, institutions and companies must narrow gender gaps rather than perpetuate or exacerbate them. This report, by the IDB, OECD and UNESCO, outlines current knowledge of the impact that AI systems have on women’s opportunities for work, and their position, treatment and status in the workforce. It does so by exploring how AI is used within and outside the workplace, and how it could be used in the future. It looks at the potential impact of new and emerging AI technologies on the skills that employers will require, on how women look for and are hired for jobs, and on how jobs are structured through automated monitoring and oversight. The report maps the opportunities and challenges that AI presents for the working lives of women and highlights the complexities that varying national and regional contexts present for understanding the impact of AI on the work of women. The report also notes that current research does not offer a complete or definite picture of how AI impacts the working lives of women and calls for further research and analysis in this area. 
Global Toolkit on AI and the Rule of Law for the Judiciary Year of publication: 2023 Author: Miriam Stankovich | Ivana Feldfeber | Yasmín Quiroga | Marianela Ciolfi Felice | Vukosi Marivate Corporate author: UNESCO What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How does it work? And more importantly, how does it find its way into the judicial context? Technologies such as AI have been around for decades, but only recently have they begun to be used in a variety of justice and law enforcement settings. While AI has immense potential for the justice system, helping judges make better decisions, improving efficiency, increasing access, and helping to detect and prevent crime, there are also some important issues that justice stakeholders should consider as they prepare for a future in which AI is increasingly used in justice systems.In 2022, UNESCO launched two needs assessments. First, through UNESCO’s Artificial Intelligence Needs Assessment Survey in Africa, 90% of the 32 countries surveyed requested capacity building support for the Judiciary on AI. At the same time, a second global survey of judicial actors in 100 countries underlined the need for better understanding the use of AI in the administration of justice and its wider legal implications on societies.The “Global Toolkit on AI and the Rule of Law” for the Judiciary responds to these needs and provides judicial actors (judges, prosecutors, state attorneys, public lawyers, law universities and judicial training institutions) with the knowledge and tools necessary to understand the benefits and risks of AI in their work. The toolkit will assist judicial actors in mitigating the potential human rights risks of AI by providing guidance on the relevant international human rights laws, principles, rules and emerging jurisprudence that underpin the ethical use of AI. 
Artificial Intelligence and Democracy Year of publication: 2024 Author: Daniel Innerarity Corporate author: UNESCO Montevideo | Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, adopted by all Member States in November 2021, is the first global policy framework for artificial intelligence (AI) and outlines different aspects of this technology that directly impact political life. The initial considerations of the Recommendation outline the potential ramifications of AI across diverse domains, notably its implications for democracy. This report builds on these analyses and recommendations, aligning with the core values and principles outlined in the Recommendation. It delves into the current and potential impact of artificial intelligence on democracy and the benefits that both artificial intelligence and digitalization, in general, could bring to enhancing collective decision-making processes. This analysis is structured around four key topics:1. The democratic expectations and disappointments of digitization2. The new digital public space: the democratic conversation3. The democracy of data: the politics of Big Data4. Democracy as a form of political decision-making: algorithmic governance Finally, this report offers recommendations for the democratic governance of artificial intelligence aimed at mitigating neative impacts and fostering a more democratic approach to AI governance. 
Podcast: Learning for the Future; Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in School Education Year of publication: 2024 Author: Marcelo Mendoza Corporate author: Chile Foundation | Educarchile In this edition of the podcast: Learning for the Future, we spoke with Marcelo Mendoza, Principal Investigator of the Human-Centered AI Research Line at CENIA, with whom we developed the topic: Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in school education. We also learned about the experience of the Bicentennial People Help People High School in Pilmaiquén using AI in various processes, together with teacher Cristóbal Morales. 
Generative AI and the Future of Education Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO. Assistant Director-General for Education, 2018- (Giannini, Stefania) The digital revolution has brought about significant changes in how we live, learn, and interact, with multiple waves of technological advancements. The current AI revolution represents a new and profound shift, particularly through AI's ability to simulate human language and conversation. This development challenges our understanding of language, intelligence, and the role of technology in education and society.As AI begins to generate human-like responses and knowledge, it raises fundamental questions about its impact on education, societal values, and our concept of humanity. Education systems are now grappling with how to integrate and regulate AI, which has been rapidly introduced into classrooms without sufficient oversight. The author emphasizes the importance of carefully considering the risks and ethical implications of AI, particularly in its potential to manipulate and shape knowledge systems. There is a need for balanced development, where AI technology is aligned with human values, and education remains a deeply human-centered process.UNESCO is working with countries to develop strategies for the safe use of AI in education, emphasizing the need for a cautious approach and robust regulatory frameworks. The overarching message is that while AI offers immense possibilities, it must be integrated thoughtfully to ensure it enhances education and society without undermining human agency, equity, or the foundational values of learning.