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Translation: From One World to Another (The UNESCO Courier No. 2; April-June 2022) Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO To translate is โto say almost the same thingโ, in the words of the Italian writer Umberto Eco. A whole world is contained in this โalmostโ. To translate is to confront the other, the different, the unknown. It is often the essential prerequisite for those who want to access a universal, multiple, diverse culture. It is therefore no coincidence that the League of Nations took up the issue in the 1930s, envisaging the creation of an Index Translationum.Taken over by UNESCO in 1948, this Index allowed the first census of translated works in the world. Two years later, the Representative Works programme was launched to translate masterpieces of world literature. UNESCOโs support for the publication last year of a lexicon of words from indigenous languages of Mexico that are untranslatable into Spanish is a continuation of these efforts.Although their disappearance was predicted as early as the 1950s, translators โ who are most often women โ have never been as numerous as they are today. The machines developed in the aftermath of the war have not been able to outdo this behind-the-scenes profession. Nor have digital translation tools, which have become the standard feature of our globalized conversations, even if they have contributed to transforming the job.This is because language is more than just a means of communication. It is that, and much more. It is what written or oral works make of it, contributing to forge what is sometimes called the โgenius of the languageโ, which the most powerful applications cannot restore. 
The Right to Education of Migrants and Refugees Year of publication: 2014 Author: Vernor Muรฑoz Villalobos The focus of this report is on those who have crossed national borders, who generally are at risk of marginalization and specifically to discrimination in the provision of education. The research addresses six core issues, the consideration of which follows an analysis of the contextual background. Attention to these issues is viewed as indispensable in meeting the educational challenges and opportunities related to migration. These core, but inevitably interrelated themes are: the legal and normative framework; social and cultural issues; language and curriculum; teachers; accreditation and lifelong learning. The preparation of the report has benefitted greatly from the active and constructive engagement of many relevant actors including Governments, international organizations, academics, non-governmental organizations and concerned individuals. Together they have offered a wealth of different perspectives and which form the basis of a number of recommendations ending the text. 
Building Intercultural Citizenship through Education: A Human Rights Approach Year of publication: 2008 Author: Rodolfo Stavenhagen This article analyses the challenges posed by traditional ethnic and linguistic minorities in multicultural states and more specifically the problems faced by indigenous peoples and communities. Their educational and cultural needs and demands are increasingly being framed in the language of human rights, based on the expanding international legal and institutional human rights system. The United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, endorsed a rights-based approach to development, human rights education is a growing field in educational practice, respect for cultural diversity is now enshrined in international and domestic laws, and the right of every person to education and to culture has become a mainstay of international human rights principles to which a majority of the world's states has subscribed. 
Writing Peace Year of publication: 2017 Author: Eric Cattelain Corporate author: UNESCO โWriting Peaceโ is a manual that invites young audiences to discover contemporary writings through the introduction of various languages. Its goal is to make the world appear a little closer and a little more familiar. "Writing Peace" encourages children (ages8 to 14) to become aware of the interdependence of cultures through familiarization with contemporary writing systems, their history, and their borrowings.The manual contains 24 activity sheets. Each section presents the characters of a writing system, an introductory text and historical background, the word โpeaceโ and the word โhello,โ the language(s) attached to the system(s), and an activity whose answers appear at the end of manual.Six thousand years after the advent of writing, what do we know about others, their systems of thought, and the transcriptions of their writing systems? How can different writing systems contribute to a better understanding of the world and our place within it? By beginning to learn about these writings and their fascinating beauty, the manual connects children to diversity, thus opening their eyes to the concept of peace and our awareness of it.