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Ethnic Diversity in Iraq: The Sociology of Pluralism in Unity Year of publication: 2014 Author: Rasoul Mutlaq Corporate author: Baghdad University This study deals with the phenomenon of multiculturalism in Iraq by focusing on three axes, which are the concept, ethnic composition, and ways to get rid of difference and ethnic discrimination. The study concludes that pluralism rejects intolerance and that pluralism in Iraq must be respected.  Multilingual Education in Central Asian Institutions of Higher Education (Journal of Moscow University. Series 20. Pedagogical Education; No.2, 2020) Year of publication: 2020 Author: Цзэн Тин In the context of internationalization, language education and the choice of language for teaching have become important factors affecting the quality of higher education. Currently, in addition to Turkmenistan, the Governments of other Central Asian countries are putting forward strategies for multilingual development that correspond to their own national characteristics. The problems of the development of multilingual education in higher educational institutions of Central Asia are as follows: strong political coloring, lack of qualified teachers, educational materials and funds for education, difficulties in the development of the national language. Global Citizenship Education in Canada and the U.S.: From Nation-Centric Multiculturalism to Youth Engagement Year of publication: 2020 Author: Sarah Ranco | Alexis Gilmer | Colleen Loomis Corporate author: Cham Springer This chapter examines the historical and current uses of global citizenship education (GCE) in Canada and the U.S. in public schools from primary through secondary levels, with attention to Canada as well as similarities and differences within and across the two countries. The authors assess how social and political contexts have influenced the definition and operationalization of multiculturalism, civic studies, and global studies in curricula, noting that the neo-liberal perspective has focused on making people an economic powerhouse rather than socially concerned global citizens. In their examination of educational approaches that relate to GCE, the authors present decolonizing pedagogies, the multiculturalism approach in Canada, as well as culturally responsive and anti-racist pedagogies. To illustrate these issues, the authors offer an example in the Canadian context and raise the need to prevent GCE from becoming yet another tool for hegemony by the Global North on the Global South, as dominant groups have long defined citizenship. They conclude by proposing that to realize GCE in these two countries, teacher/practitioner and local, national, and international actors must engage youth, and in doing so, power imbalances that prohibit becoming global citizens will be addressed. Tools for a More Inclusive Education Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: Chile. Ministry of Education This document presents a conceptual  framework to help the different educational teams deployed at the national level to devise and implement inclusive practices in their daily management, in their ways of living together and in their teaching-learning processes. This, within the framework of the promulgation of Law 20,845, modifies the General Education Law (N°20,370/2009) in its article 4, adding that “It is the duty of the State to strive to ensure quality inclusive education for all people. Return to the Origin: Ancient Narratives about Humanity, Time and the World Year of publication: 2022 Author: Eduardo A. Rueda | Ana María Larrea | Augusto Castro | Óscar Bonilla | Nicolás Rueda | Carlos Guzmán Corporate author: Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) | UNESCO In this brief reflection, only in an introductory way, two questions are addressed. The first has to do with the relevance or impertinence of a program to record the narratives of our original peoples about the origins and trajectories of humanity. In relation to this first point, they are interested in proposing the bases for an emancipatory approach, that is, counter-hegemonic, of the original narratives. The second question asks about the consequences that it has, for the self-understanding of the crises and tensions of current societies, to highlight non-Western conceptions of human origins and trajectories.  How to Coexist (with Different Cultures) without Dying Trying? Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: CuriosaMente This video presents a perspective on cultural differences, how it is possible to identify, understand and adapt to them. Answer the questions What is interculturality? How can we live between different cultures?  The Ratio of the National and Universal in the Sphere of Spirituality (on the example of Central Asia) Year of publication: 2015 Author: Ranokhon Tursunova The ratio national and universal in the sphere (Central Asia)» on the spiritual revival in the region, the place of human values in the reforms. The transformation of national and universal values in Central Asia, which is represented by a wide range of multiculturalism, ethnic groups, religions, languages traditions and customs. The Problem of Sectarian Pluralism and National Unity in Islamic Countries: A Study of the Malaysian Case Year of publication: 2015 Author: Ben Omar Adel Corporate author: University Mohamed Lamine Debaghine - Setif2 This research paper addresses the causes of conflicts, the internal dangers that threaten national unity in Islamic countries, by highlighting the impact of sectarian conflicts in the collapse and disintegration of states. The paper also studies the dimensions of the phenomenon and the policies taken to manage it. The paper also seeks to reveal the best practices and the experience of the organs of political systems in Islamic countries in managing sectarian pluralism. It ends with a discussion of the Malaysian case.  Interculturalism at the Crossroads: Comparative Perspectives on Concepts, Policies and Practices Year of publication: 2017 Author: Fethi Mansouri Corporate author: UNESCO Today most societies across the world are witnessing rising levels of social and cultural diversity brought about by globalisation and in particular increased human mobility and significant advances in information and communications technologies. The dilemma, therefore, has been how best to manage the resultant diversity and what optimal social policy paradigms to adopt towards this end.Assimilation, multiculturalism and presently interculturalism have all been proposed as possible policy conduits for managing socio-cultural diversity.This book, in focusing on the latter concept, and in particular in its intercultural dialogue manifestation, offers at once theoretical examinations, policy discussion and practical explorations of its uptake across the world. The core argument connecting the book’s three distinct sections is that whilst assimilation in its racist manifestation is no longer a viable option in today’s world, intercultural dialogue within existing multicultural settings has much to offer. Pedagogical Guide for an Intercultural, Anti-racist and Gender Perspective Education: Ideas, Experiences and Tools Year of publication: 2017 Author: Carolina Stefoni | Andrea Riedemann | Fernanda Stang | Andrea Guerrero | Antonia Garcés | Marta Camarena Corporate author: Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios Migratorios (PRIEM) | Universidad Alberto Hurtado | Fundación para la Superación de la Pobreza (FUSUPO) The main purpose of this Guide is, then, to share some ideas, tools and experiences that can help build and walk the path towards an intercultural, anti-racist and gender perspective education in various educational spaces. It is directed primarily - though not exclusively, of course - to all those people who are part of formal and informal teaching-learning processes. It is important to emphasize that the Guide does not pretend to be a recipe for a mechanical application, but a tool box that each educational community can use considering its specific context, its particular needs and its potentialities.