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How Human Rights Shape Social Citizenship: On Citizenship and the Understanding of Economic and Social Rights (Washington University Global Studies Law Review. Vol.13, No.2) Year of publication: 2014 Author: Ulrike Davy Corporate author: Washington University This Article reconceptualizes citizenship, a notion usually tied to the nation state, as โlayered.โ Human rights may serve as the international โlayerโ of citizenship, addressing nationals and non-nationals alike. It took some time, however, for โsocialโ citizenship to emerge as a human rights issue and, hence, for human rights to become an international layer for social citizenship rights granted on the national level. Around 1993, states started to accept a human rights-based obligation toward the poor, requiring social policies to focus on targeted, individual welfare. Nowadays, poverty mitigation is the human rights core of โsocialโ citizenship. Nowadays, poverty mitigation is the human rights core of โsocialโ citizenship. 
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions (Professional Training Series No.12) Year of publication: 2005 Corporate author: United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights This publication reviews economic, social and cultural human rights. It is a guide to national institutions produced by the United Nations. The guide is a reference in all matters related to human rights to create a decent life for people, and to clarify the role that governments should play in this regard.This handbook is intended to help national human rights institutions maximize the effectiveness of their functions and powers in addressing economic, social and cultural rights. Its aim is to assist national human rights institutions in the development of policies, processes and skills to integrate economic, social and cultural rights further into their work, thereby enabling them to address poverty and development, for example, through an economic, social and cultural rights framework.This handbook will discuss ways in which national human rights institutions can become more effective in protecting and promoting economic, social and cultural rights. It will examine how national institutionsโ legal mandates can be interpreted to incorporate economic, social and cultural rights within their jurisdictions, how their functions and powers can be exercised more appropriately in regard to these rights, how they can use their resources most efficiently and effectively and how they can implement economic, social and cultural rights in the political and social contexts in which they operate.