Resources
Explore a wide range of valuable resources on GCED to deepen your understanding and enhance your research, advocacy, teaching, and learning.
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PREVENT: creating “radicals” to strengthen anti-Muslim narratives Year of publication: 2015 Author: Asim Qureshi Corporate author: Critical Studies on Terrorism The use of de-radicalization narratives in schools, universities and hospitals has led to the criminalization of large sections of the various Muslim communities in the UK. Based on different experiences we hope to present a view of how an aggressive anti-Muslim narrative that is based on assumptions subverts the political expression/identity of individuals by turning them into potential threats. By understanding the everyday interactions with PREVENT, a picture can be formed of the way that a false presentation of narratives can lead to a person becoming an “extremist” or “terrorist”, while the truth may lie in a completely alternative place. 
Terrorist Attacks on Educational Institutions Year of publication: 2014 Author: Erin Miller Corporate author: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) | Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology The report describes historical patterns of terrorist attacks targeting educations institutions dating back to 1970. Since that year, more than 3,400 terrorist attacks targeting educations institutions took place in 110 countries. These attacks comprised 2.7 percent of all terrorist attacks worldwide during this time period. 
What Factors Cause Youth to Reject Violent Extremism?: Results of an Exploratory Analysis in the West Bank Year of publication: 2015 Author: Kim Cragin | Melissa A. Bradley | Eric Robinson | Paul S. Steinberg Corporate author: RAND Corporation Continued terrorist attacks and the involvement of foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq have prompted a surge of interest among policymakers, law enforcement, journalists, and academics on both sides of the Atlantic on the topic of terrorist radicalization. Many of the factors that push or pull individuals toward radicalization are in dispute within the expert community. Instead of examining the factors that lead to radicalization and the commission of terrorist acts, this report takes a new approach. What Factors Cause Youth to Reject Violent Extremism? Results of an Exploratory Analysis in the West Bank empirically addresses the topic of why youth reject violent extremism. To do this, the authors focus on the Palestinian West Bank. The report begins with a theoretical model and then tests this model with data gathered through structured interviews and a survey. For this study, ten semistructured interviews were conducted with politicians from Hamas and Fatah in 2012. Along with these interviews, the authors conducted a survey among 600 youth (ages 18–30) who lived in Hebron, Jenin, and Ramallah.The overarching findings from this effort demonstrate that (1) rejecting violent extremism, for residents of the West Bank, is a process with multiple stages and choices within each stage; (2) family plays a greater role than friends in shaping attitudes toward nonviolence; (3) demographics do not have a significant impact on attitudes toward nonviolence; and (4) opposing violence in theory is distinct from choosing not to engage in violence. 
Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research Year of publication: 2017 Author: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan Corporate author: UNESCO Does social media lead vulnerable individuals to resort to violence? Many people believe it does. And they respond with online censorship, surveillance and counter-speech. But what do we really know about the Internet as a cause, and what do we know about the impact of these reactions? All over the world, governments and Internet companies are making decisions on the basis of assumptions about the causes and remedies to violent attacks. The challenge is to have analysis and responses firmly grounded. The need is for a policy that is constructed on the basis of facts and evidence, and not founded on hunches or driven by panic and fearmongering. It is in this context that UNESCO has commissioned the study titled Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research. This work provides a global mapping of research (mainly during 2012-16) about the assumed roles played by social media in violent radicalization processes, especially when they affect youth and women. The research responds to the belief that the Internet at large is an active vector for violent radicalization that facilitates the proliferation of violent extremist ideologies. 
State Program on Countering Religious Extremism and Terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018 - 2022 Year of publication: 2018 Corporate author: Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan The document contains the main provisions of the State program on countering religious extremism and terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018 - 2022.The geopolitical changes taking place in the world initiate a new spectrum of challenges and risks in the field of national security, which is becoming more diverse and emanating from a greater number of sources of danger. This determines the complexity and relevance of the tasks within the framework of a systematic prevention of threats of religious extremism and terrorism.Under these conditions, the current national system of combating religious extremism and terrorism needs to be further improved in the context of creating a mechanism for reliable protection of individuals, society and the state from extremist manifestations of a violent nature and threats of terrorism. 
The Program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on Countering Extremism and Terrorism for 2017-2022 Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: Government of the Kyrgyz Republic The document contains the main provisions of the program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on countering extremism and terrorism for 2017-2022.The program provides a set of measures to ensure effective countering the threats of extremism and terrorism, rigorous observance of human rights and freedoms, the rule of law and others constitutional principles of the Kyrgyz Republic. Purpose of this program is changing the current situation in the field countering extremism and preventing terrorism.Successful implementation of the program depends on coherence government bodies, organizations and institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic to counter extremism and terrorism. 
Religion and Belief Issues in the Countries of Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and Russia in the Media; April 2016 - April 2017 Year of publication: 2017 Author: Evgeny Zavyalov Corporate author: Open Position (Kyrgyzstan) This publication is a review of news on religion and belief issues that appeared in the media from April 2016 to April 2017, in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and Russia. The materials included in the publication were distributed monthly on a newsletter including members of religious communities and experts working on issues of religion and belief. 
Strengthening Democracy Is the Key to Preventing Far-Right Extremism Year of publication: 2021 Author: Cynthia Miller-Idriss This article emphasizes that Disinformation, misinformation and propaganda undermine democratic practices in ways that should be fought not only by trying to shrink or contain the extremist fringe, but also by strengthening democratic values and practices within the mainstream.And also highlights that It is critical to engage proactively and consistently in order to prevent further escalations in far-right extremism and interrupt violent radicalisation at early stages. 
Youth Engagement to Counter Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism: Report on Findings and Recommendations from an OSCE Secretariat - OSCE ODIHR Expert Roundtable Year of publication: 2013 Corporate author: Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (ОБСЕ) This report is based on the results of a joint meeting of experts in a round-table format of the OSCE Secretariat and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights on October 23-24, 2012 in Vienna, Austria.This report should not be considered official OSCE recommendations on the basis of an agreed decision or the official position of the OSCE Secretariat, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, or any OSCE participating State. It presents opinions individually expressed by the participants in the expert meeting in a round-table format.