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Supporting women participation in higher education in Eastern Africa: building sustainable and equitable higher education systems in Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda Year of publication: 2023 Author: Winnie V. Mitullah | Sibrino Forojalla | Benon Basheka | Saidou Sireh Jallow | Endris Adem Awol | Scheherazade Feddal | Daniele Vieira do Nascimento Corporate author: UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) | UNESCO Nairobi <Executive Summary>Some takeaways from the Report:Policy frameworks and various legislations have enhanced the implementation of programs aimed at improving women’s education from primary school to university level. At the Higher Education (HE) level, some progress has been made, but the institutions are lagging behind in having gender parity, more so in top leadership positions. Men dominate leadership positions. At lower education levels, progress is hampered by socio-economic and cultural gender inequities, and limited resources. Socio-cultural practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and early marriages have also had a negative effect on women’s advancement to HE.There are multiple factors that hinder women’s participation in HE and in reaching leadership positions. These include fewer women having PhD, maternal household engagement, limited time for participation in research and related activities that are a requirement for upward mobility as well as lack of child care and women-friendly facilities within universities. Ongoing mainstreaming of gender in HE is improving the situation, albeit minimal. More effort is needed to increase the number of women in HE. In addition, there is limited administrative commitment on the part of the universities to address gender inequality in leadership positions.Overall, HE institutions have not fully exploited opportunities that exist for gender advancement in HE, including potential partnerships for supporting the advancement of women. There is need for effective governance to achieve gender equality and collaboration between HE institutions, and development partners through public-private partnerships. Such partnerships have the potential for making resources available and for funding opportunities to enhance the support to women students, in particular those undertaking STEM courses which require more time for study.In Kenya, higher education has evolved over time from the technical and commercial institute in Nairobi – the Royal Technical College of East Africa – established in 1951 to offer technical courses within the East Africa region. The college was transformed to Royal Technical College in 1961, and later to the University of Nairobi in 1970. From this initial one university, Kenya currently has 32 chartered public universities, 9 public university constituent colleges, 21 chartered private universities and 3 private university constituent colleges.In South Sudan, at its commencement, missionary education did not provide for girls. When schools re-opened in August 1956, the Sudanese government authorities maintained the closure of the girls’ schools, irrespective of whether government or missionary, for the following four to five years. The impact has been the severe retardation of girls’ education for almost a generation. Tradition and tribal customs regarding gender equity are still very strong and dominant in everyday life. Consequently, traditional male stereotypes also dominate within almost all higher education institutions, including the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHEST) itself. This research is in fact the first time an effort is being made to investigate the participation of women in HE and in leadership positions in universities and other tertiary institutions. This explains the very limited response to the questions sent out to the institutions outside Juba. Today, however, a good start has been made in advancing girls’ education in general.In Uganda, under similar circumstances, women do not have good access to higher level jobs, positions, voice and wealth like men. The low representation of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions in the country can be traced back to the late start in women’s enrollment in modern schooling due to a number of factors. 
Is every child counted? Status of data for children in the SDGs Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) “Is every child counted”, a recent status report by UNICEF, shows that sufficient data are available for less than half of child-related SDG indicators. Many indicators, such as those on poverty and violence, are not comparable across countries, and are either too limited or of poor quality, leaving governments without the information they need to accurately address challenges facing millions of children, or to track progress towards achieving the Goals. Data are also very limited on the situation of the most disadvantaged populations within each country. Better disaggregated data on these populations is necessary. The report also identifies priorities for enhancing the collection, analysis and use of data for children. 
Is every child counted? Summary of the status of data for children in the SDGs Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) “Is every child counted”, a recent status report by UNICEF, shows that sufficient data are available for less than half of child-related SDG indicators. Many indicators, such as those on poverty and violence, are not comparable across countries, and are either too limited or of poor quality, leaving governments without the information they need to accurately address challenges facing millions of children, or to track progress towards achieving the Goals. Data are also very limited on the situation of the most disadvantaged populations within each country. Better disaggregated data on these populations is necessary. The report also identifies priorities for enhancing the collection, analysis and use of data for children. 
The Sustainable development goals report 2016 Year of publication: 2016 Corporate author: United Nations (UN) This inaugural report on the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a first accounting of where the world stands at the start of our collective journey to 2030. The report analyses selected indicators from the global indicator framework for which data are available as examples to highlight some critical gaps and challenges. The list of SDG indicators agreed upon by the UN Statistical Commission in March 2016 will be subject to refinements and improvements as methods and data availability improve. Every journey has a beginning and an end. Plotting that journey and establishing key milestones along the way requires accessible, timely and reliable disaggregated data. The data requirements for the global indicators are almost as unprecedented as the SDGs themselves and constitute a tremendous challenge to all countries. Nevertheless, fulfilling these requirements through building national statistical capacity is an essential step in establishing where we are now, charting a way forward and bringing our collective vision closer to reality 
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Year of publication: 2015 Corporate author: United Nations (UN) This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. All countries and all stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan. We are resolved to free the human race from the tyranny of poverty and want and to heal and secure our planet. We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world on to a sustainable and resilient path. As we embark on this collective journey, we pledge that no one will be left behind.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what they did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental. The Goals and targets will stimulate action over the next 15 years in areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet. 
Discussion Paper for Women's Education and Political Participation Year of publication: 2012 Author: Subhalakshmi Nandi Corporate author: Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE) This paper is an outcome of the presentations and discussions from the Quality Adult Education (QAE) Benchmarking Workshop held in Jakarta in November '10, as well as a subsequent meeting of the core group for finalizing the paper (this meeting was held in New Delhi in March '11). 
Promoting health and literacy for women's empowerment Year of publication: 2016 Author: Anna Robinson-Pant This publication is the third in a series of research studies focused on literacy and women’s empowerment. Its aim is to contribute to the development of crosssectoral approaches to the provision of adult literacy, education and training, traversing policy on education, family, integration, citizenship, health, social welfare and public finance. This paper uses a number of specific examples to show how literacy programmes for young people and adults, with a particular focus on young and adult women, can contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Autonomiser les femmes par la promotion de la santé et de l'alphabétisme Year of publication: 2016 Author: Anna Robinson-Pant This publication is the third in a series of research studies focused on literacy and women’s empowerment. Its aim is to contribute to the development of crosssectoral approaches to the provision of adult literacy, education and training, traversing policy on education, family, integration, citizenship, health, social welfare and public finance. This paper uses a number of specific examples to show how literacy programmes for young people and adults, with a particular focus on young and adult women, can contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. 
女童和妇女教育 国际研讨会总结报告. 中华人民共和国，北京. 2016年6月4—7日 Year of publication: 2016 Corporate author: National Commission of the People's Republic of China for UNESCO | UNESCO Beijing The International Seminar on Girls’ and Women’s Education, held 4-6 June 2016 in Beijing, explored benefits of education on girls and women along with barriers to the achievement of gender equality in education. It provided a platform for dialogue on the role of education for girls and women, particularly in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and specifically in reaching SDG 4 and supporting the achievement of other SDGs. The event also marked the first award ceremony of the UNESCO Prize for Girls’ and Women’s Education, which honoured two laureates for their outstanding innovation and contributions to advancing girls’ and women’s education. This publication presents a synthesis of information that was shared during the seminar’s sessions, and the findings and recommendations originating from the exchanges. 
From Where I Stand: A Gender Equality Project for the Global Goals; Project Briefing Corporate author: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) This project enables you to think about and contribute to encouraging women and girls to have equal opportunities to be heard and to have real opportunities to participate in all political, economic and public spheres.