Resources
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Teaching Media Literacy in Europe: Evidence of Effective School Practices in Primary and Secondary Education; Analytical Report Year of publication: 2018 Author: Julian McDougall | Marketa Zezulkova | Barry van Driel | Dalibor Sternadel Corporate author: NESET II | European Union (EU) This report is aimed at policymakers, practitioners and researchers in the fields of school education, media and digital policies. It reviews relevant European and international research to better understand how teaching and learning practices can support students’ media literacy in primary and secondary education. It also aims to understand how media literacy education in schools can help address the challenges related to the spread of disinformation and ‘fake news’. 
Foundations for Building Forward Better: An Education Reform Path for Lebanon Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: World Bank Human capital development is a critical determinant of economic growth, equity, and prosperity, but outcomes in this domain are worryingly low inLebanon, risking the future of generations of children. Lebanese children lag behind their peers in human capital development—measured accordingto the World Bank (2020c) Human Capital Index—suggesting that the future productivity of the labor force and the country’s trajectory for equitablegrowth is at risk (World Bank 2020b). The Human Capital Index indicates that children born in Lebanon today will reach, on average, only 52 percentof their potential productivity when they grow up. This is lower than the average estimates for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region(57 percent) and upper-middle-income countries (56 percent). Lebanon’s poor performance on the Human Capital Index is largely attributed to theeducation outcomes calculated for the index. If actual years of schooling, which average approximately 10.2 years in Lebanon, are adjusted for actual learning, effective years of schooling are 40 percent less—on average, only 6.3 years of actual learning (World Bank 2020b). The most recent school closures were due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with schools being closed over 75 percent of the school year between January 2020 and February 2021.1 This will likely lead to a further and significant decrease in learning: effectively, students are facing a lost year of learning (Azevedo et al. 2021). 
COVID 19, Technology-Based Education and Disability: The Case of Bangladesh; Emerging Practices in Inclusive Digital Learning for Students With Disabilities Year of publication: 2021 Author: Vashkar Bhattacharjee | Shahriar Mohammad Shiblee Corporate author: UNESCO This study sheds light on Bangladesh’s initiatives in the area of disability-inclusive education. The particu- lar focus is on the role of its Accessible Reading Materials (ARM) initiative and how this has contributed to ensuring disability-inclusive and accessible education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. ARM is a government-led initiative that was launched in 2014 by the then Access to Information (a2i) programme of the Prime Minister’s Office, now the Aspire to Innovate Programme of the Information and Communica- tion Technology (ICT) Division of the Government of Bangladesh. It was launched in recognition of the need for solutions to ensure virtual, as well as regular reading access for all students, including children and young people with barriers to reading. ARM is aimed at satisfying the educational needs of all students including students with print and learning disabilities. 
Global Citizenship Education Policy and Recommendations Report: Reflections and proposals for the SICA region Year of publication: 2021 Author: Daniel Abreu Corporate author: Central America Coordination Bureau for Education and Culture (CECC) | Central American Integration System The CECC/SICA Council of Ministers has proposed to the Ministries of Education, in the Contingency Plan for the SICA region, to prioritize some approaches and curriculum content. One area of particular relevance is education for the exercise of citizenship, a dimension especially challenged in these times when citizens have seen their principles, values and daily practices critically demanded by the special circumstances of living together in society.The Report explains how Global Citizenship Education is implemented in SICA countries and provides recommendations for strengthening it in different as- pects of policy and teaching practice. 
Education for Sustainable Development and COVID-19 in Southern Africa: Intersecting Perspectives on Why Water, Food and Livelihoods Matter in Transforming Education for Sustainable Futures Year of publication: 2021 Author: Heila Lotz-Sisitka | Injairu Kulundu | Rachel Neville | Anna James | Ayanda Buhlebenkosi Moyo | Esthery Kunkwenzu | Domingos Carlos Mirione | Gibson Mphepo | Kgosietsile Velempini | Lwanda Maqwelane | Phila Dyantyi | Rutendo Mushishi | Selemani Abdul Makwita | Yeukai Musariri | Zenani Mhlanga Corporate author: JET Education Services | Rhodes University The main question of this book is ‘What can we learn from this intersecting crisis for transforming education for sustainable futures in southern African countries’.The research process will generate a few additional questions including, but not limited to:Can stronger school-community-government partnerships help to reduce risks and challenges such as those being faced now under the COVID-19 crisis?What can our governments do better?What can communities and parents do?What can educators and learners do?What systems need to be generated to ensure an alternative, transformed future and what is the role of education in this story? 
Strategies to End School-Related Gender-Based Violence: The Experience of Education Unions in Africa Year of publication: 2019 Author: Rex Fyles Corporate author: Education International (EI) | United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI) | Gender at Work This document draws on the experience of nine EI member organisations in seven African countries committed to combatting SRGBV in their contexts. It presents the wide range of actions and strategies education unions can initiate to confront the challenges SRGBV poses to their students, members, organisations and societies. This collection of union experiences is intended to inform and inspire education unions and their members to test their own approaches to eliminating SRGBV. The document will also inform other stakeholders in the education sector interested in learning more about the unique strengths and specific roles education unions can play as partners in collective efforts to end SRGBV.The document is divided into two parts. The first section focuses on actions these unions have taken internally to adapt decision- making structures, update policies and deploy resources to empower their members to act. The second section looks at how education unions have reached out to other stakeholders – legislators, ministries, civil society organisations, traditional leaders, parents, media and learners – to pursue coordinated strategies for change. 
Working to End School Related Gender Based Violence: Writings by Representatives of Education Unions From Eastern, West and Southern Africa Year of publication: 2019 Author: Shamim Meer Corporate author: Gender at Work | Labour Research Service (LRS) | Global Affairs Canada (GAC) | United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI) | Education International (EI) School Related Gender Based Violence (SRGBV) is violence that undermines the bodily integrity, human rights, and gender equality of all those involved in the school but primarily that of the school child.In 2016, 7 teacher unions i.e. SADTU and NAPTOSA from South Africa, BETUZ and ZNUT from Zambia, UNATU from Uganda, ETA from Ethiopia and KNUT from Kenya and in 2018, SLTU from Sierra Leone, GTU from the Gambia and the staff from the Ghana-based Education International Regional Africa Office - actively engaged in a Gender at Work - Gender Action Learning Process (GAL).The main aim of this specific GAL process was to create a participatory EI pilot program in Southern, East and West Africa focusing on individual teachers’ and teacher unions’ capacity to address SRGBV. With the support of Gender at Work facilitators, participants strengthened their understanding of gender inequality and gender based violence in the context of the school. Throughout the GAL Process participants spoke from their hearts, sharing inspirational stories of change. 
Cyberbullying among Adolescents: A Study Applied to a Sample of Middle School Students Who Used the Game of Fortnite Year of publication: 2019 Author: Moudi Al-Anzi Corporate author: Qassim University The study aimed to identify the personal causes of cyberbullying and the role of the family and school climate in cyberbullying. The study used the game Fortnite as an example to recognize bullying that occurs through electronic games. A questionnaire was used to collect data. 
ICT Transforming Education in Africa: Final Project Report Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: UNESCO ICT Transforming Education in Africa is a project supported by the UNESCO-Korean Funds- in-Trust (KFIT) contribution by the Republic of Korea with a focus on e-school model development, open and distance learning and ICT policy development. In the first phase of the project from 2016 to 2019, Mozambique, Rwanda and Zimbabwe piloted ICT-based innovative approaches to foster human and social development, expanding access to relevant lifelong learning opportunities and enhancing the quality of learning.The aim of this progress report is to highlight the main results of the first phase of the project. These include training of over 1,300 teachers on the pedagogical use of ICT, the development of digital resources for teachers and learners, the establishment of policies on ICT in education, and a variety of activities pilot testing the use of ICT to address fundamental challenges faced at K12- and higher education level in the beneficiary countries. The findings in this progress report inform the implementation strategy for the second phase in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Senegal from 2020 to 2023. 
Promoting Integration of Migrants and Refugees in and Through Education: Toolkit Year of publication: 2018 Corporate author: Education International (EI) The past years have seen large numbers of refugees moving to Europe. This, and the rise of populist movements in Europe and North America, has led unions to develop activities engaging schools, local communities, authorities, etc. to promote the rights of migrants and build inclusive schools and communities.With the support of Education International (EI), exchange visits, information sharing and peer-learning activities allowed education unions to inspire each other and explore synergies across borders. This toolkit aims to build on these experiences and facilitate education unions to develop their work in this area. It also assists unions by exploring the issues around integrating migrants and refugees in education and sharing what others have been doing in this domain.