Resources
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Green and Digital Skills for Hospitality and Tourism: From Industry Trends to Competencies within TVET Year of publication: 2024 Author: Franziska Wettstein Corporate author: UNESCO International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (UNEVOC) Unlocking the potential of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is instrumental for a more digital and sustainable hospitality and tourism sector. The hospitality and tourism sector is a cornerstone for the global economy, yet its substantial environmental footprint necessitates urgent innovation. Embracing the use of cuttingedge technology, such as AI-driven customer management and smart analysis of energy consumption, can help mitigate these impacts and foster green, sustainable solutions. As digitalization and sustainability redefine the industry, traditional job roles are undergoing continuous transformation, impacting the day-to-day tasks and activities of workers. The integration of emerging green and digital competencies into TVET is crucial for steering this transformation. By equipping workers with relevant qualifications and competencies, TVET holds the key to a greener and digitally driven sector. This publication proposes approaches to facilitate the dual transition in hospitality and tourism, structured around the identification of emerging green and digital competencies in a timely manner, their integration into future-oriented curricula, and their effective implementation in TVET. Drawing on practical examples from Africa, Asia-Pacific and Europe, it offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. TVET stakeholders from across the globe are invited to embrace innovation and engage in the transfer of knowledge and good practices to unlock the sector’s potential for a green and digitally just transformation. 
International Organizations’ Efforts to Qualify Teachers for Refugee in Türkiye and Egypt : A Comparative Study (International Projects as Models; Vol.1, No.47) Year of publication: 2023 Author: Husniah Husayn Abd al-Rahman Iwis Corporate author: Fayoum University. Faculty of Education Educating refugee students requires teachers who master different skills that enable them to overcome the challenges they face in supporting children emotionally, and integrating them socially andacademically; Therefore, there was a need to train teachers before and during service in order to teach in classes consisting of children of different nationalities and cultures. This research seeks to reveal the nature of the efforts made to prepare teachers in charge ofeducating refugees in both Egypt and Turkey. To achieve this goal, theresearch relied on the functional approach and reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Internationalorganizations have attached great importance to the implementation ofteacher for refugee rehabilitation projects; this is through projectsfunded by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ (KA2)programme. It also shows the positive impact of projects on theemotional, social and professional aspects. 
The Role of the Teacher in Creating an Atmosphere of Peaceful Coexistence (Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences; Vol.4, No.15) Year of publication: 2020 Author: Farah Ghanem Saleh | Zeina Salem Mohy Corporate author: Ibn Rushd College of Education The teacher is the main nerve in the educational process, and the effectiveness of this process is affected by his competence. The innovative teacher is the one who diversifies the approaches and methods of presenting activities to suit the growth of his students. He must keep up with the latest developments in learning theories and teaching techniques. He performs multiple teaching roles and activities to help learners achieve Learning at different stages of education. The teacher must have knowledge of everything new in the fields of education, psychology, and other multiple branches of knowledge that broaden the horizon and refine the personality. Thus, the teacher becomes an important and essential source of knowledge that the learner returns to in his search for knowledge. One of the characteristics of a teacher, in order to achieve success in the field of education, is to know the goals of students and involve them in education, in addition to setting classroom rules, opening the door to communication with students, and making education enjoyable. What shows the role of the teacher and his importance in preparing conscious generations is that there is a great duty and responsibility that falls on his shoulders, which is considered one of the priorities of his work are the issue of peaceful coexistence in the classrooms, as the teacher coexists with his students according to the system of tolerance, freedom of opinion, and acceptance of the other party, and it is necessary to include in the school curricula the topics of peaceful coexistence, cooperation, peace, and good citizenship. 
Enhancing TVET through Digital Transformation in Developing Countries Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Technological advancements and digitalization are profoundly reshaping our work and lifestyle, business models and operations, and government policy choices. Digital transformation in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is the planned and structured introduction of automated and streamlined processes within institutions and national technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems through digital technology, with the goal of enhancing their scope, scale, efficiency and effectiveness and ultimately, driving their more sustainable development. This document provides overall perspective and five country case studies on digital transformation in TVET. Most countries studied face similar enabling factors: the digital infrastructure available; legal and policy frameworks; focused institutional change to improve the acquisition of digital skills; and the promotion of equality and inclusivity. To understand how digital transformation in TVET is occurring, the report analyses it at four levels: technical and technological development; curriculum and qualifications; teaching and learning using technology; and its contribution to the sustainability and resilience of societies. 
Sub-Regional Study on Transforming TVET in Ensuring Learning and Skills to Support School-to Work Transitions in Southeast Asian Countries Year of publication: 2023 Author: Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja | Hary Febriansyah | Yorga Permana | Lala Nurfitria | Farenza Fadil Corporate author: UNESCO Jakarta Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and the transition from school to work are critical for young individuals to be prepared for entering the job market. The school-to-work transition signifies the transition from education to professional work and involves stages such as finding a job, applying theoretical knowledge and adapting to work expectations. In line with SDG-4, there is a need to improve the relevance of TVET systems, equipping individuals with the necessary skills for employment, entrepreneurship and lifelong learning. Three strategic priorities include promoting lifelong learning opportunities, fostering skills for an inclusive and sustainable economy, and ensuring inclusive and resilient communities. UNESCO supports Member States to address current and future challenges in the field of TVET, including the transition from school to work. Recognising the significant role of TVET in achieving SDG-4, UNESCO works closely with countries like Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Timor-Leste to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of their TVET systems. These countries have demonstrated a strong commitment to improving the quality of education and equipping individuals with the necessary skills for employment, entrepreneurship, and lifelong learning. In the discussion of innovations and trends in TVET systems, there is a need to respond to rapidly changing labour markets through leveraging labour market data, tracer studies, and employer insights, expanding work-based learning to support the transition from school to work, modernising TVET curricula with new skills and competencies, strengthening TVET through private sector and community engagement. TVET is important for the transition from school to work in the sub-region of Southeast Asia, in line with SDG-4. Standardised practices are needed for better employability and mobility. Challenges include labour market mismatches and negative perceptions, but there are opportunities to partner with industry, update curricula, promote inclusivity and gender equality, and adapt to changing labour markets. Using labour market data, expanding work-based learning, and engaging the private sector and local communities are critical. TVET can transform individuals and contribute to sustainable development in the subregion of South-East Asia, creating prosperous and inclusive societies. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2024/5: Leadership in Education; Lead for Learning Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: Global Education Monitoring Report Team Leadership matters in education. Strong leaders are needed to help institutions, systems and societies change for the better. Strong leaders work in collaboration with other actors towards the same goals. At the school level, they are the principals but also those who surround them, in the school and in the community, in positions of responsibility. At the system level, they are civil servants working as district officers, supervisors or planners. At the societal level, they are political leaders, as well as a very broad range of actors who help shape education goals, from unions and researchers to civil society and the media.Entitled Lead for learning, this report argues that, in pursuing specific goals, education leaders are more than just managers. They are change agents, who need the time, trust and support to focus on setting a vision and developing the people they serve and work with. The report calls for investment in and empowerment of school and system leaders. There should be fair hiring processes and growth opportunities that recognize the full scope of leaders’ roles. Moreover, leadership works best when it is shared, empowering others to lead as they can within their roles.There is no one leadership style that works. Different contexts, capacities and personalities mean that styles vary, and rightfully so. This, combined with the different goals that each leader is trying to achieve, means that their impact is hard to fully assess. Yet, all research points towards the critical need for strong leaders to continuously improve education quality. School leaders are second only to teachers for transforming student outcomes. Meanwhile, politicians wield huge influence in making equitable and inclusive education a national priority.Supporting this seventh Global Education Monitoring Report is a new series of country profiles on PEER, an online resource supporting policy dialogue and describing policies and regulations on school principal selection, preparation and development in the world’s education systems. 
School Online Safety - Self review tool Year of publication: 2016 Corporate author: South West Grid for Learning Trust (SWGfL) The Self Review Tool is intended to help schools to review their current online safety policy and practice. It provides management information and stimulus that can influence the production or review of online safety policies and develop good practice and process for identifying strengths and weaknesses. It also focuses on opportunities for commitment and involvement from the whole school as well as a continuum for schools to discuss how they might move from a basic level provision for online safety to practice that is aspirational and innovative. 
Talking about values in the classroom Year of publication: 2015 Author: Don Rowe Corporate author: Citizenship Foundation The publication introduces teachers to a method of working with stories that enable students to develop a range of skills in thinking and talking about moral issues. It aims to expand the pupils' vocabulary concerning moral, values and ethical questions and critical thinking tools. 
Dialogue for Prevention Year of publication: 2025 Corporate author: UNESCO In an era where geopolitical power struggles disrupt traditional peacebuilding, where identity and misinformation fuel divisions, and where trust in institutions is eroding, UNESCO’s Intercultural Dialogue for Conflict Transformation briefs series presents an adaptable, culturally grounded, and people-centred approach to peacebuilding. With 1.5 billion people living in contexts with low intercultural dialogue where global challenges such as absolute poverty, terrorism and forced displacement are more prevalent, this four-part series draws on firsthand experience, country case studies, and expert analysis to demonstrate the transformative potential of dialogue in fragile and conflict-sensitive settings. The Dialogue for Prevention brief, developed with the Auschwitz Institute for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities, explores the powerful role intercultural dialogue can play in preventing large-scale identity-based violence, particularly in the upstream and downstream phases of conflict. Grounded in the idea that dialogue can bridge divides and foster mutual understanding, the brief argues that enabling environments for intercultural dialogue—marked by stability, inclusive governance, freedom of expression, horizontal equality, and social cohesion—also mitigate key risk factors for atrocity violence. Drawing on diverse examples from Cambodia, Colombia, Italy, and Kenya, it showcases creative, context specific applications of dialogue. Through practical guidance, the brief equips policymakers, practitioners and civil society seeking to embed dialogue into prevention strategies. 
Dialogue for Social Cohesion Year of publication: 2025 Author: Isaure Vicarini | Euan Mackway-Jones Corporate author: UNESCO In an era where geopolitical power struggles disrupt traditional peacebuilding, where identity and misinformation fuel divisions, and where trust in institutions is eroding, UNESCO’s Intercultural Dialogue for Conflict Transformation briefs series presents an adaptable, culturally grounded, and people-centred approach to peacebuilding. With 89% of conflicts worldwide occurring in countries with limited capacity for intercultural dialogue, this four-part series draws on firsthand experience, country case studies, and expert analysis to demonstrate the transformative potential of dialogue in fragile and conflict-sensitive settings. The Dialogue for Social Cohesion brief—developed in collaboration with the Berghof Foundation and Search for Common Ground—bridges theory and practice to explore the horizontal (community-to-community) and vertical (citizen-to-state) dimensions of social cohesion and highlights how inclusive dialogue can support both. Case studies from Afghanistan, Germany, Somalia, and South Sudan illustrate how dialogue—whether through theatre, education, local governance, or environmental peacebuilding—can cultivate mutual understanding and trust, bridge identity-based divides, and restore, step by step, the social fabric in fractured societies. Through actionable recommendations, this brief equips practitioners, policymakers, and civil society with the essential guidance needed to tailor and embed dialogue in their respective contexts, helping to ensure that peace processes are inclusive, locally driven, and enduring.