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Multilingual Education in Central Asian Institutions of Higher Education (Journal of Moscow University. Series 20. Pedagogical Education; No.2, 2020) Year of publication: 2020 Author: Цзэн Тин In the context of internationalization, language education and the choice of language for teaching have become important factors affecting the quality of higher education. Currently, in addition to Turkmenistan, the Governments of other Central Asian countries are putting forward strategies for multilingual development that correspond to their own national characteristics. The problems of the development of multilingual education in higher educational institutions of Central Asia are as follows: strong political coloring, lack of qualified teachers, educational materials and funds for education, difficulties in the development of the national language. 
Transition to “Green Economy” in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and Challenges Year of publication: 2023 Author: Nodira Mukhammadkulova | Shakhrizoda Rakhimova Corporate author: Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting (CABAR) Climate change issues and the crisis in the energy market have led to the development of technologies for the use of alternative, more environmentally friendly and possibly renewable resources, which are called “green” technologies. In Uzbekistan, the program of transition to a green economy and green growth until 2030 was adopted at the end of 2022. According to the program, by 2030, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) used will be about 30% of the country’s total electricity generation. The issue of awareness of the population as consumers about the relevance of diversification of energy consumption, advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy sources is relevant. 
LSCE Measurement Instrument: Measuring Life Skills in the Context of Life Skills and Citizenship Education in the Middle East and North Africal; Advocacy Brief Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Teaching and learning life skills is incredibly important for empowering children and young people to achieve success in education, employment, and personal goals. Nevertheless, few education systems have integrated life skills into their education systems. One of the reasons for this is challenges concerning the lack of knowledge as to how life skills can be measured, assessed, and evaluated. Building on the regional Life Skills and Citizenship Education (LSCE) framework in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), UNICEF and The World Bank have developed this LSCE Measurement Instrument, to measure the national level of grade 7 students’ scores in eight life skills as national large-scale assessment. 
Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab States Region Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Cairo "Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State RegionUnderwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) is defined by UNESCO as “all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years such as: i. sites, structures, buildings, artefacts and human remains, together with their archaeological and natural context; ii. vessels, aircraft, other vehicles or any part thereof, their cargo or other contents, together with their archaeological and natural context; and iii. objects of prehistoric character”1.This definition relates primarily to the age and environmental conditions of the deposit, i.e., the remains must have existed fully or partially “underwater” for at least 100 years, regardless of their type, nature, or the culture to which they belong. Once these core elements have been confirmed, the archaeological material can be defined further according to one or more specific criteria: - chronology – the time period the remains date from; - region – the geographical area where the remains were found; - typology – the physical categorisation of the remains, e.g., pottery, animal bone, stone etc.It is important to recognise that while the above criteria will remain constant, the “underwater” nature of the archaeological remains is subject to change, as a result of either human or environmental intervention. For example, many sites where prehistoric activity took place on land, usually close to ancient shorelines, are • 1 - UNESCO. 2001. Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Paris: Records of the General Conference, 31st ses-sion, Article.Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State Regionnow submerged due to rising sea levels. Similarly, items such as swords, deposited in lakes or rivers as part of past rituals, were made and used on land. These sites and artefacts have therefore come to meet the definition of “Underwater Cultural Heritage”. The opposite process is also possible: a shipwreck, for example, or other material remains lifted from the seabed and placed in a museum would lose its status as UCH. This nuance tells us that UCH is not necessarily a constant scientific term. It relates to the underwater environment in which the material culture is located rather than any inherent archaeological or cultural attribute2. That is not to say that the material culture’s underwater location is not important: on the contrary, the underwater context reveals changes in use, condition and meaning over time. The physical changes that the underwater environment can cause, such as corrosion or decay, and the natural, social and ideological changes that underwater locations can reflect, therefore, are vital parts of a site or object’s life history. The underwater location is also a key factor in determining which scientific techniques and methods to use when dealing with this type of material culture for purposes of exploration, research, documentation, excavation, conservation, presentation or public display. Thus, the study of UCH usually requires the use of tools and techniques that differ from those employed on terrestrial archaeological sites3. For this reason, UCH is frequently mentioned in association with underwater archaeology, i.e., archaeological work, such as excavation, recording and analysis, that takes place on partially or fully submerged sites. Underwater archaeology is governed by the same scientific principles and standards as archaeological work on land but is tailored to the specific challenges of underwater conditions4. The term “underwater archaeology” is not, therefore, a sub-discipline of archaeology. Instead, it is a technical term referring to a specific set of tools and techniques used in conducting archaeological work underwater, within the wider framework and principles of archaeological research." 
How Effective Is the Role of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Protecting and Promoting Human Rights (The Arabic Journal of Human and Social Science; Vol.13, No.5) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Saffo Nardjesse Corporate author: University of Djelfa The issue of human rights remained the first in the list of human concerns and hopes, and one of the priorities that emerged on the shoulders of the United Nations within its established and difficult-to-reach programs and goals. There is no doubt that the most important causes of its emergence are attributable to those flagrant violations of human rights, especially those linked to war crimes and others against humanity, which prompted the major countries specifically to consider establishing a body concerned with the first of all the maintenance of international peace and security and the protection and promotion of human rights. , Through the Commission on Human Rights as one of the sub-committees established by the Economic and Social Council, which is tasked with preserving the sanctity of these rights. However, it soon proved ineffective due to the control of states violating human rights on the one hand and the politicization of their role on the other hand. Over the years, the committee dealt with human rights issues in ways that some commentators described as unsatisfactory and more sterile. As a result, the new body was established under the name of the "Human Rights Council" by General Assembly Resolution 60/251, and was considered the largest international body entrusted with the responsibility of promoting global respect. Human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without discrimination of any kind and in a just and equitable manner. Did the new mechanism, with its newly created composition, adequately address the weaknesses of the Commission on Human Rights? In other words, has the Human Rights Council added from its inception to today a greater value and contribution to the ؟protection and promotion of human rights? 
Streamlining the Global Path to Gender Equality: The Role of Feminist Foreign Policy Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UN WOMEN Europe and Central Asia As of June 2023, 15 UN Member States introduced feminist lenses to their foreign policies (FFPs). The policy brief examines the various FFPs and identifies shared aspects and gaps across seven key themes: WPS, political participation, economic empowerment, diplomacy, official development assistance, human rights/humanitarianism, violence against women and girls. 
"Creating Equal Opportunities is the Responsibility of the Government.": A Conversation with Anjali Kaur from USAID Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: Gazeta.uz Anjali Kaur, the deputy assistant administrator of the US Agency for International Development(USAID) for Asia, gave an interview during her visit to Uzbekistan "Газете.uz ". She spoke about the activities of USAID, the importance of creating equal opportunities for all and the responsibility of government, business and citizens. She spoke about the goals and activities of USAID in Uzbekistan, the importance of Uzbekistan for the agency, the need for equal access to education and other services for both boys and girls, as well as the responsibility of the state in ensuring such access. 
The Theme of Violence Against Women on the Internet Media of Uzbekistan: Content, Tools of Representation (PR and Advertising in a Changing World: Regional Aspect; No.28, 2023) Year of publication: 2023 Author: Я. М. Маматова In the context of the pandemic and post-pandemic in the media space of Uzbekistan, the flow of information about violence against women and girls, about cases of femicide and sexual violence has increased dramatically. In Uzbekistan, there are still few studies on the topic of coverage of this issue in the mass media, but they also mainly consider gender stereotypes, the aspect of violence in the processes of migration and trafficking. 
Online and Digital Education at Universities of Uzbekistan (Open Education; vol. 25, no. 3) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Makhmutkhodjaeva L.S. The quarantine period in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic caused the need for a radical transformation of the higher education system, its new paradigm in modern digital society. In such conditions, it becomes necessary to form a digital educational environment, and many countries, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, have faced this task. Students need to develop skills in working with information, in particular, the use of information and communication technologies in the process of solving cognitive tasks and performing creative tasks in cognitive and educational activities. 
Religious Tolerance in Oman Year of publication: 2010 Author: Mohmmed Almamari Corporate author: Oman TV The documentary talks about religious tolerance in the Sultanate of Oman as an example, and about sectarian coexistence in the Sultanate. This issue is one of the problems of global citizenship in the Arab world. This experience makes director Wolfgang Etlsch approaching Islamic culture in the Sultanate of Oman using film model. He accompanies the viewer on a journey through the daily life of modern Oman and acquires an intimate knowledge of many aspects of society that are still hidden from Western visitors. The director is accompanied on his trip by an Omani who speaks German, which explains to him the social and cultural backgrounds of the Omani society. The film puts the foundation that Omani society is preparing its people as global citizens.