Resources
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Regional overview: Latin America and the Caribbean Year of publication: 2011 Corporate author: UNESCO The past decade has seen mixed progress towards Education for All (EFA) in Latin America and the Caribbean. More children are participating in pre-school education, many countries have achieved universal primary education and more students are moving from primary to secondary education. Gender parity has been achieved at the primary level in the majority of countries and adult literacy rates are improving. The region invests a relatively high share of national income in education and external aid to basic education has increased in recent years. However, challenges remain. The Caribbean has seen a decline by nearly one-tenth in primary enrolment ratios and 2.9 million children were not enrolled in school in the region as a whole in 2008. Some 36 million adults are still illiterate and levels of learning achievement are low in many countries. The 2011 EFA Global Monitoring Report puts the spotlight on armed conflict and one of its most damaging yet least reported consequences: its impact on education. Conflict-affected states have some of the world’s worst indicators for education. The Report documents the scale of this hidden crisis in education, looks at its underlying causes and explores the links between armed conflict and education. It also presents recommendations to address identified failures that contribute to the hidden crisis. It calls on governments to demonstrate greater resolve in combating the culture of impunity surrounding attacks on schoolchildren and schools, sets out an agenda for fixing the international aid architecture and identifies strategies for strengthening the role of education in peacebuilding. 
Education for All (EFA) in Latin America and the Caribbean: Assessment of Progress and Post-2015 Challenges, 30-31 October 2014, Lima, Peru: Lima Statement Year of publication: 2014 Corporate author: UNESCO The Ministers of Education of Latin America and the Carribean (LAC), high-level government officials, UN agencies, representatives of civil society organizations and development partners, gathered at th meeting on "Education for All (EFA) in Latin America and the Carribean: Assessment of progress and post-2015 challenges", in Lima, Peru, from 30 to 31 October 2014. Having deliberated on progress towards EFA in the region, the Muscat Agreement adopted at the Global EFA Meeting (GEM) in Muscat, Oman, 12-14 May 2014, and the outcome document of the UN General Assembly Open Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals, and having examined the unfinished EFA tasks in the region, as well as the challenges and priorities that will configure the post-2015 education agenda for the region, the Lima Statement was adopted. 
School, Identity and Discrimination Year of publication: 2011 Author: Néstor López Corporate author: UNESCO IIEP Office for Latin America and the Caribbean Education, identity and school is just one more link, within the many wills that work for full equality of opportunities. As in other publications of the Institute, the wealth of perspectives is added, which give shape to sometimes pressing realities with a demand for urgent action. The publication is a new opportunity for the voices of different interlocutors to give an account, in their countries and contexts, both of the construction of identity processes, and of their recognition and respect. This also implies raising the obstacles, the contributions and the advances, to face the challenges still pending. In each work presented here, the authors-whose participation and effort we deeply appreciate-offer sharp insights on various tasks and contexts. We wish, to conclude, that this text also contributes to the reflection on the possible courses that have been adopted or that require a deepening of the educational policies, specifically in the agendas related to the themes of this publication. 
Buenos Aires Recommendations Year of publication: 2007 Corporate author: PRELAC II Recognizing that education is a public good and is the key to building a more just and better world for all, the Second Intergovernmental Meeting of the Regional Education Project, PRELAC II, held in the city of Buenos Aires, on the 29th and March 30, 2007, agrees the following recommendations as criteria and lines of action for national policies and international cooperation. 
The Teaching of the Holocaust in Latin America the Challenges for Educators and Legislators Year of publication: 2017 Author: María Celeste Adamoli | Emmanuel Kahan, Pablo Luzuriaga | Ministerio de Educación Corporate author: UNESCO Santiago This book provides an overview of opportunities that may arise from educating about the Holocaust in diverse cultural contexts and educational situations, with a special focus on Latin American countries. We can actually be away from the places where the genocide against the Jewish people was perpetrated, but Latin America is still taking charge of its own past of violence and crimes against humanity. With this publication, Latin American educators will have at their fingertips an updated account of the most outstanding topics that are discussed on pedagogy and policy making. You can also explore how, even today in Europe, education about the Holocaust shapes a culture of memory. On the other hand, you can see how in other places the memory of the Holocaust can be a starting point to relate to other difficult pasts. UNESCO is convinced that the prevention of genocide begins at school. In a world where mass violence is possible, this publication will show the importance of teaching young people about the Holocaust and about other genocides in history. It is a condition to prevent similar crimes from happening in the future. 
Education and Cultural Diversity Lessons from Innovative Practice in Latin America Year of publication: 2008 Author: Carolina Hirmas R. Corporate author: UNESCO Santiago This publication, which is the second volume of the collection, is the result of analysis and reflection on a series of innovative educational experiences from several Latin American countries, which respond with pedagogical relevance to the students' cultural context and offer an education oriented towards knowledge, understanding and dialogue between people of different cultures. The significant contribution of the aforementioned experiences lies in the recognition and appreciation of the ethnic and cultural diversity of its students and communities, as a starting point for the development of new learning and affirmation of their identity. In turn, life in educational centers promotes intercultural relations of respect and fraternity in a local and subregional sociogeographic context, characterized by multiculturalism. 
Culture of Peace and Education for Democratic Citizenship Year of publication: 2006 Author: Jose Tuvilla Rayo The Culture of Peace understood as the synthesis concept - sum of human rights, democracy, disarmament and sustainable human development - demands, as a humanizing response of globalization, important efforts of educational systems towards the achievement of four world social contracts ( Lisbon Group, 1995): the contract of basic needs aimed at suppressing inequalities, the cultural contract aimed at promoting tolerance and dialogue between cultures, the contract of democracy aimed at a system of world government; and, the Earth contract to promote stable and lasting human development. To do this - remembering Juan Carlos Tedesco (2001) - learning to live together, one of the pillars of 21st century education, can not be maintained in the exclusive domain of merely rhetorical adherence. 
And the Right to the City? Approaches to Racism, Patriarchal Domination and Feminist Strategies of Resistance in Cali, Colombia Year of publication: 2015 Author: Vicenta Moreno Hurtado | Debaye Mornan This article seeks to give visibility to some spatial strategies of resistance developed by black women in the predominantly black district of Aguablanca District (DA), in eastern Cali, Colombia, against the systematic violence they are daily subjected to. We contextualize their practices within the systematic violence of displacement, paramilitaries terror and spatial segregation in the city. It also seeks to discuss how black women resist stigma, political marginalization and death in a city divided along racial and gender lines. The questions that guide this article are: What is the role of racism and patriarchal domination in the production of “geographies of violence” in Cali? What are the strategies of resistance developed by black women in these topographies of violence? Ultimately, the article seeks to fulfill a gap in academic discourses that silence on black women’s social suffering and that regard them as disorganized, a-political and passive victims. 
Construction / Emerging Invention of Unequal Populations in Latin American Education Year of publication: 2017 Author: Jesús Aguilar Nery Corporate author: Universidad de San Andrés | Arizona State University This text explores the emergent construction of “unequal” populations in Latin-America, focusing on three national traditions: Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. It compares who has been named as unequal in educational research and under what categories, and treats this comparison as an indicator for understanding the phenomenon of educational inequalities in the region between 1960 and 1970. It is concluded that the rules used to enforce inclusion, equality and equity are, at the same time, standards and divisions that involve the construction of systems of reasoning that also simultaneously include and exclude. 
Education and Social Cohesion in Latin America: A Micro-political Perspective Year of publication: 2014 Author: Silvina Gvirtz | Jason Beech Corporate author: Universidad de San Andrés | Arizona State University This article analyses the relation between education and social cohesion in Latin America from a micropolitical perspective. Even though we acknowledge the relevance of the macro and mezzo levels, we argue that the political decisions that are made at the school level are crucial to understand the contribution of educational systems to social cohesion. We suggest that the relation between social cohesion and school micropolitics can be analysed in two dimensions: the first is related to the access and permanence of children in school, while the second is related to the curriculum. The article concentrates on the second level by analysing the relation between the curriculum and social cohesion from a local, a national, and a global perspective.