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Encyclopedia on Democracy and Citizen Participation Author: Malorie Flon | Émilie Béorofei Corporate author: Institut du Nouveau Monde (INM) As part of its Strategic Meeting on Democracy and Citizen Participation, the INM has set up an online information pack, the first contents of which you will find on this site.A vast deliberative process, the Strategic Rendezvous aims to enlighten the people of Quebec on the current transformations of our democracy: a representative system that no longer responds, on its own, to the democratic requirement; a growing demand from certain citizens to participate in decisions that affect them; increasingly complex social issues and collective challenges, which public and private authorities must tackle; institutions forced to adapt quickly and continuously to a constantly changing world.The Briefing Kit tackles these questions by providing basic notions of the concepts involved: democracy, participation, citizenship, etc. To questions frequently asked during public debates, the dossier offers some possible answers. It outlines, for the reader who wants to dive into it, definitions of the different types of citizen participation: public, electoral, social. In order to better understand what is practiced in Quebec in each of these categories, the reader will turn to The authorities of public participation in Quebec.Are you a practitioner or would you like to deepen your knowledge of the practice of citizen participation? The Toolbox is here for you! It contains references, guides, methods and examples of experiences that will equip you to implement, in turn, participatory practices.  Investigation and Enlightenment on Right and Obligations Consciousness from the Perspective of Citizenship (Advances in Social Sciences; vol. 7, no. 9) Year of publication: 2018 Author: Li Haiyan It is the key stage for students in high school on self-consciousness development and the forma- tion of values. It occupies the core position in the whole system of civic consciousness education. The citizenship cognition, rights and obligations consciousness and the establishment of social responsibility will affect the development of individual, society and state. This paper surveys to learn the high school students citizenship awareness, right and obligation consciousness status, deeply to analyze the current high school students’ challenges, offer the effective suggestions, help students to complete transition from students to social citizen role successfully.  The Digital Citizenship Project of the University of Michigan and Its Enlightenment on Digital Citizen Education in China (Creative Education Studies; vol. 5, no. 4) Year of publication: 2017 Author: Yan Sang | Huimin Feng Digital citizenship education is an activity that fosters digital citizens to manage personal infor- mation, responds to network risks, and creates secure online space and community. The Univer- sity of Michigan’s Digital Citizenship Project aims to guide and improve students digital citizenship in conducting safe and correct online learning through the development of thematic themes, fo- cusing on students’ phased development and their participation and action, and developing beha- vioral guidelines together. The project provides a useful reference and enlightenment for our country to carry out digital citizen education.  Investigation and Research on National Unity Education of College Students in Guangxi (Advances in Social Sciences; vol. 10, no. 3) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Liangqiu Meng This study takes Guangxi as an example, which is a model of national unity and progress. Guided by the basic principles of Marxism, this study adopts the methods of questionnaire and interview to study the current situation of national unity education of college students in Guangxi. It is found that the quality of national unity of college students in Guangxi is in a good state, but there are still some problems, such as the outdated and fragmented content of national unity education, un- scientific curriculum setting, the lack of quality education and the lack of quality education. There are many problems, such as backward teaching material construction, disjointed coordination of all aspects of education, single education methods, weak guarantee of education team and so on. In view of the existing problems, this study puts forward some countermeasures, such as enriching the content of national unity education, scientifically setting up the curriculum of national unity education, developing the characteristic teaching materials of national unity education, streng- thening the cooperation of curriculum teaching, innovating the mode of national unity education, and strengthening the construction of team security.  Non-state Actors in Tertiary Education: A Shared Vision for Quality and Affordability? (Policy Paper 47) Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO Non-state provision accounts for more than one third of tertiary education students worldwide, a considerably higher share than in primary or secondary education. Providers are diverse, respond to a variety of needs, and often blur the line between the state and non-state sectors. Non-state actors are also important players in the financing of tertiary education through households, market mechanisms and public–private partnerships. As a result, these actors play a significant role in influencing regulations and policymaking, and in shaping the tertiary system as a whole. Governments must ensure quality and equity, the key dimensions of Sustainable Development Goal target 4.3, regardless of how state and non-state actors share responsibilities.   Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World’s Human Rights Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: Amnesty International The Amnesty International Report 2021/22 highlights the human rights situation in 154 countries in 2021. It presents Amnesty International’s documented concerns and recommendations for governments and others. From a human rights perspective, 2021 was largely a story of betrayal and hypocrisy in the corridors of power. But hopes for a better post-pandemic world were kept alive by courageous individuals, social movements and civil society organizations. Their efforts and limited hard-won victories should prompt governments to live up to their promises.   From Radio to Artificial Intelligence: Review of Innovative Technology in Literacy and Education for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) The publication From radio to artificial intelligence: Review of innovative technology in literacy and education for refugees, migrants and internally displaced persons presents a review of relevant literature and an analysis of 25 programmes from across the world that have used innovative ICTs in literacy and education for refugees, migrants and IDPs. It identifies a lack of data on the state of literacy for youth and adults globally, and limited literature on the effectiveness of ICTs in supporting literacy and education programmes for refugees, migrants and IDPs. The 25 analysed programmes reveal that ICTs play an important role in overcoming barriers to learning for these target groups, however. The strategies followed by these innovative ICT-supported programmes are elaborated across six thematic areas: (1) access and inclusion, (2) capacity-building of teachers and educators, (3) relevant content and innovative andragogy, (4) monitoring and evaluation, (5) strategic partnerships and (6) recognition, validation and accreditation of learning.  An Analysis of the Factors Affecting East-Asian Adults’ Global Citizenship: Social capital, Threat Recognition, Information Media Utilization (Journal of Education for International Understanding; vol.16, no.3) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Seongkyeong Jeong | Yura Lee | Hwanbo Park Corporate author: Korean Society of Education for International Understanding (KOSEIU) This paper puts an in-depth study on identifying the characteristics of factors related to global citizenship in adults from South Korea, China, and Japan and analyzing the elements affecting them. For this purpose, data from the 7th World Value Survey which was undertaken in South Korea, China, and Japan were used, and they were examined with three different perspectives of social capital, threat recognition, and information media utilization to get to know the influence of variables from various aspects. Multiple regression was applied for this and the results are as follows. Firstly, the global citizenship of adults was high in the order of China, Japan, and South Korea, and the factors influencing global citizenship depend on the country. This implies that contextual factors are acting differently in the formation of the global citizenship of adults even they are from the same East Asian region. Secondly, simple contact with immigrants and foreigners in China and Japan has negative effects while having a positive effect on trust in foreigners. This suggests that an educational mechanism is required to raise trust and empathy beyond understanding immigrants simply to foster global citizenship among Chinese and Japanese adults. Thirdly, depending on the hierarchy of the sense of belonging, the impact on global citizenship was different in South Korea. Educational activities and programs should be implemented to establish the sense of global citizenship of adults in South Korea. Fourthly, the treat perception of social safety and employment insecurity in South Korea and China did not have statistical significance to global citizenship. While the higher the social safety perception the heavier the employment insecurity, adults in Japan had higher global citizenship awareness. This implies that Japanese adults perceive the problems of immigration as a matter of national or social situation and structure. Finally, the utilization of information media in all countries revealed statistical significance, which means that attitude for immigrants would vary depending on which information medica is used from those three countries.   Discourses on Global Citizenship Education in Africa: Questioning and Answering from a Post-Colonial Perspective (Journal of Education for International Understanding; vol.16, no.3) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Yoonjung Choi | Yeji Kim Corporate author: Korean Society of Education for International Understanding (KOSEIU) Theoretically framed by post-colonialism and critical global citizenship education(GCED), this study explored major discourses on and practices of GCED in African countries through the use of a systematic review method. The findings demonstrated that studies related to GCED in African countries pointed out the limitations of state-centered civic education based on uncritical patriotism and passive citizenship, and further emphasize the importance of promoting more critical and reflective GCED. In addition, research emphasized the implementation of alternative and unique GCED education unique built on indigenous African knowledge and philosophy. This study provides significant insights into GCED in the context of South Korea and discusses the pursuit of globally oriented, sustainable GCED aiming for peace and solidarity around the world.  [Summary] Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education: Who Chooses? Who Loses? Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfill the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practiced by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors.