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Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The Gender Snapshot 2021 Year of publication: 2021 Author: Ginette Azcona | Antra Bhatt | Julia Brauchle | Guillem Fortuny Fillo | Yongyi Min | Heather Page | Yuxi Zhang Corporate author: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) The pandemic has tested and even reversed progress in expanding women’s rights and opportunities. Women have not recovered lost jobs and income, hunger is on the rise, and school closures threaten girls’ educational gains. Women’s participation in government, research, and resource management remains far from equal. Vulnerable groups of women, including migrants, those with disabilities, and those affected by conflict, are frequently left behind. Disparities between rich and poor countries are preventing equal access to lifesaving COVID-19 vaccines and treatments, putting women in poorer countries at disproportionate risk.Moreover, despite women’s central roles in responding to COVID-19, including as front-line health workers, they do not have the leadership positions they deserve. Building forward differently and better will require placing women and girls at the centre of all aspects of response and recovery, including through gender-responsive laws, policies, and budgeting.“Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The gender snapshot 2021” presents the latest evidence on gender equality across all 17 Goals, highlighting the progress made since 2015 but also the continued alarm over the COVID-19 pandemic, its immediate effect on women’s well-being, and the threat it poses to future generations. 
Spotlight on Basic Education Completion and Foundational Learning in Africa, 2022: Born to Learn Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO | Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) | African Union This publication is the first in a three-part Spotlight series. It is produced by a partnership between the Global Education Monitoring Report, the Association for the Development of Education in Africa and the African Union.The report focuses on why learning levels in the region are low. All children are born to learn yet only one in five children in Africa who reach the end of primary school achieve the minimum proficiency level required to continue their education and fulfil their potential. Combining completion and learning statistics, the report shows that children in Africa are at least five times less likely than children in the rest of the world to be prepared for the future.Given the historically low levels of learning on the continent, fresh thinking is needed to translate the CESA and SDG 4 commitments into focused, coordinated, well-informed and appropriately funded actions. The report contains eight policy-oriented recommendations for driving change. 
The Digitization of School Through the Prism of Citizenship Year of publication: 2021 Author: Lionel Alvarez | Mathieu Payn Corporate author: Éthique en éducation et en formation Digital devices have colonized many facets of our daily lives, and compulsory schools are now appropriating this evolution. The announced learning goals are often associated with the notion of digital citizenship. At the same time, educational institutions are defining the digital learning environments that teachers and students must adopt. Positioning themselves in the digital humanities, the authors question the posted definitions of digital citizenship, confront them with the sui generis nature of the digital and its industry, and finally question the connection between these and the public school. Issues of citizen empowerment, autonomy, and governance serve the analysis and allow us to conclude that it is necessary to debate the pedagogical-digital contradictions. 
Interculturality of Disability Situations: From Designation to Recognition Year of publication: 2021 Author: Geneviève Piérart | Mélissa Arneton Corporate author: Alterstice Alterstice has been offering, for ten years, a unique space for scientific production responding to socially acute questions related to the consideration of inter-individual, social, and societal diversity. This thematic issue is linked to the creation in 2017 of a thematic axis within the International Association for Intercultural Research (ARIC). This network has enabled researchers to organize symposia questioning disability, intersectionality, and how the work carried out in more mainstream currents take into account or not the intercultural dimension to study the paradigm shift of disability. Fifteen years after the launch of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) marks a societal desire to renew living together at the international level as well as at the national level for the countries that have ratified it, as revealed by the work scientific studies carried out from an intercultural perspective. After an introduction to the notions of disability and interculturality, which also refer to designation processes, which may or may not be crossed and compared in scientific analysis. From a multidisciplinary perspective, different angles relating to the diversity of representations of disability and the issues it raises in situations of contact between cultures are discussed. 
The Genesis of the Category of “LGBT Refugee” Within the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Year of publication: 2021 Author: Ahmed Hamila Corporate author: Alterstice The international protection system is governed by the Geneva Convention of 1951, supplemented by the New York Protocol of 1967. These international conventions list five grounds for granting refugee status: persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a certain social group, and political opinions. These international instruments do not explicitly recognize persecution based on sexual orientation and gender identity as grounds for granting refugee status. However, over the past three decades, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has come to recognize such persecution as grounds for granting international protection. In this article, I focus on the genesis of the "LGBT refugee" category within the UNHCR in the early 2000s. The essay argue that the emergence of this new category of refugees is part of two parallel dynamics, which both led to the development of the UNHCR Guidelines, which explicitly recognize persecution based on sexual orientation as a ground for granting refugee status. On the one hand, it is in the context of greater attention paid to refugee women, and in particular to gender-related persecutions, that persecutions related to sexual orientation are for the first time discussed. On the other hand, the category of “LGBT refugee” also appears in the context of the interpretation of the notion of “belonging to a certain social group”. 
Advocacy Note: The Role of Cross-Border Trade in Security Food in Border Areas During Periods of COVID-19 Pandemic Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: Centre for International Cooperation and Study (CECI) The Role of Cross-Border Trade in Security food in border areas during periods of COVID-19 pandemic To limit the spread of Covid-19, the governments of Burkina Faso and Senegal have decided to close the borders in March 2020, thus limiting the movement of goods and people and cross-border exchanges. Faced with the measures taken and faced with the absolute necessity of survival, the Traders in cross-border areas bypass official checkpoints to continue trade. cross-border exchanges, necessary for their survival and food security, despite the risks of gender-based violence (GBV). In the event of a pandemic, for countries with still fragile economies such as Burkina Faso and Senegal, selective sanitary measures should rather be applied to enable formal trade and the movement of food across borders. 
Women Key Actors of Food Resilience: A Reconfiguration of Gender Relations in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: Centre for International Cooperation and Study (CECI) The Covid-19 pandemic and its response measures have intensified the vulnerability and shortcomings of food systems in West Africa, affecting all activities and processes of production, distribution, and consumption of food. To this end, rural women in Senegal and Burkina Faso, ensured the resilience of poor and vulnerable households, thus generating recognition of this reality by men. It is therefore essential to give women decision-making power at all levels in the spheres related to the four pillars of security eating. It would be desirable to support and accompany the positive reconfiguration of relationships of power between women and men, already in progress in the communities studied, to ensure that they have the means and skills (social, cultural, economic, political, and legal) to be able to fully play this role. Support for farmer organizations and networks of women's organizations is essential. 
Translation: From One World to Another (The UNESCO Courier No. 2; April-June 2022) Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNESCO To translate is “to say almost the same thing”, in the words of the Italian writer Umberto Eco. A whole world is contained in this “almost”. To translate is to confront the other, the different, the unknown. It is often the essential prerequisite for those who want to access a universal, multiple, diverse culture. It is therefore no coincidence that the League of Nations took up the issue in the 1930s, envisaging the creation of an Index Translationum.Taken over by UNESCO in 1948, this Index allowed the first census of translated works in the world. Two years later, the Representative Works programme was launched to translate masterpieces of world literature. UNESCO’s support for the publication last year of a lexicon of words from indigenous languages of Mexico that are untranslatable into Spanish is a continuation of these efforts.Although their disappearance was predicted as early as the 1950s, translators – who are most often women – have never been as numerous as they are today. The machines developed in the aftermath of the war have not been able to outdo this behind-the-scenes profession. Nor have digital translation tools, which have become the standard feature of our globalized conversations, even if they have contributed to transforming the job.This is because language is more than just a means of communication. It is that, and much more. It is what written or oral works make of it, contributing to forge what is sometimes called the ‘genius of the language’, which the most powerful applications cannot restore. 
Digital Citizenship Education Handbook (Edition 2022) Year of publication: 2022 Author: Janice Richardson | Elizabeth Milovidov Corporate author: Council of Europe Digital citizenship competences define how we act and interact online. They comprise the values, attitudes, skills and knowledge and critical understanding necessary to responsibly navigate the constantly evolving digital world, and to shape technology to meet our own needs rather than to be shaped by it. The Digital citizenship education handbook offers information, tools and good practice to support the development of these competences in keeping with the Council of Europe’s vocation to empower and protect children, enabling them to live together as equals in today’s culturally diverse democratic societies, both on- and offline.The Digital citizenship education handbook is intended for teachers and parents, education decision makers and platform providers alike. It describes in depth the multiple dimensions that make up each of 10 digital citizenship domains, and includes a fact sheet on each domain providing ideas, good practice and further references to support educators in building the competences that will stand children in good stead when they are confronted with the challenges of tomorrow’s digital world. The Digital citizenship education handbook is consistent with the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture and compatible for use with the Internet literacy handbook. 
Higher Education, Peace & Security in the Eastern Africa Region Year of publication: 2023 Author: Sabiti Makara Corporate author: UNESCO Nairobi This paper stems from issues that were deliberated on at a regional conference titled, Emerging Issues in the Sciences, Climate Change, Peace and Security and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), organized in Djibouti, in May 2017 by UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern Africa. The paper examines the issues and challenges of peace and security in Eastern Africa region. It puts into perspective higher education in the region, in terms of assess, quality, relevance, knowledge and skill products, and capacity to solve social challenges of society. The May 2017 Djibouti Conference on Higher Education, Peace and Security aimed at placing higher education at the center of understanding the complex regional challenges with regard to peace and security in a broad context, including poverty, climate change and environment, intergenerational transfer of knowledge, colonial/neo-colonial heritage, regional integration, cultural resources, and unemployment. The centrality of education as a tool for social transformation in Africa, and elsewhere is a critical element of transforming society, however that very element is up for debate. Specifically, the impact of higher education as a means of accelerating the sciences (natural and social sciences) is due for robust debate, as to whether or not, it is leading to innovations, creativity, and research-led solutions to challenges of society. The critical issue for the Djibouti Conference deliberations was: could Science, technology and in more recent years, information and communications technology, lead to transformation of society in the region? The other issue was: is it only the natural sciences that have the greatest potential for that transformation, or that the social sciences and humanities are relevant in this context? Besides, since issues of peace and security are complex, could multidisciplinary approaches be appropriate? This paper is not a rapporteur's report of the Djibouti conference. It is a set of reflection and reframing of issues for further debate and discussion.