Resources
Explore a wide range of valuable resources on GCED to deepen your understanding and enhance your research, advocacy, teaching, and learning.
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Concepts and Actors’ Perceptions of Living Together in Basic Education Textbooks in Ivory Coast Year of publication: 2013 Author: Goïta Ouattara Kanndanan Insiata Corporate author: McGill University. Faculty of Education This article first highlights the concepts of living together in basic education textbooks in Ivory Coast. Second, it identifies the perceptions of these concepts by the actors (trainers and learners) as well as the media used for instruction. To address these two concerns, the methodology consisted of a content analysis of textbooks and current program guides, as well as an analysis of interviews with the actors. The results indicate that solidarity, peace, tolerance, discipline, and inter-ethnic alliance are concepts, among others, taught to instil a culture of peace in potential future socio-political actors. In addition, these concepts are positively perceived and appropriated by the actors. 
The Failure of Living-Together in Rwanda: What is the Responsibility of History Textbooks? Year of publication: 2013 Author: Éric Mutabazi Corporate author: McGill University. Faculty of Education Rwanda, landlocked in the Great Lakes region in Central Africa, has known war and massacres resulting in the 1994 genocide. Many critics and researchers have attempted to explain the reasons behind the inhuman and monstrous massacres that ravaged this country. While political, historical and economical factors are more often invoked to justify these horrible events, this article seeks to draw attention to the responsibility of history textbooks in the failure of living-together in pre-genocide Rwanda. Our analysis of textbook content reveals that certain values transmitted through the teaching of Rwanda’s history has generated injustice, inequality, victimisation, suffering, etc., at school and in society. We attempt to demonstrate how textbook content contributed to the failure of living-together in Rwanda and we propose alternative perspectives to guide the development of content that can contribute to peace, unity and living-together in post-genocide Rwanda. 
Accountability in Education: Meeting our Commitments; Global Education Monitoring Report, Youth Version, 2017/8 Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: UNESCO This Youth Report, based on findings and conclusions from the 2017/8 Global Education Monitoring report, asks how young people are involved in the process of accountability in education. As students, what are we responsible for in our education and how are we held accountable? How can we make sure other actors – like schools, universities and governments – are held accountable for their responsibilities? These are critical questions, because we know that there’s a long way to go before all young people around the world have access to a quality education: absent teachers, overcrowded classrooms, illegitimate diplomas, unregulated private schools and truancy are all issues that education systems are struggling to overcome.It’s sometimes tempting to say that these problems aren’t ours to fix, that the responsibility lies with the government or with an older generation. But this simply isn’t true: education is a shared responsibility, and young people have an important role to play. In this Report, you’ll hear the stories of young people around the world who have stood up for the right to education in their communities and who have been integral in triggering change. You’ll also read about how you can become involved in our campaign to make sure governments can be held to account for education. This means making sure that citizens can take their governments to court if they are not meeting their education responsibilities. From creating video clips to holding awareness-raising events, there is a range of ways to make your voice heard. Your involvement is integral in making sure the world is on the right path to meeting our education goals. 
Peace the Best Way Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: Lesotho Distance Teaching Centre (LDTC) The storybook titled “Peace, the Best Way (Ngoan’a Khotso Ha a Lebale Tsa Khotso)” is an end-product of Workshop in Lesotho on GCED: Teacher Training on Peace Education & GCED Learning Material Development held between 12 and 14 of July 2017. During the workshop, participants created learning materials on peace and conflict transformation based on what they have learned throughout the sessions.The authors share their stories of conflicts that they encounter in their everyday lives and further identify ways of managing and resolving the conflicts in a peaceful manner to let everyone live in harmony. They hope to instill the importance of peace not only to the adults reading the book, but also to the younger generation who learn from their parents and adults of the community.The book published in English as well as Sesotho, will be used as teaching and learning resources for learners and also be disseminated to public locations including schools, community centers and libraries.For more information on the Workshop, Please click here. 
Education: Still Searching for Utopia? (The UNESCO Courier no. 1, January-March 2018) Year of publication: 2018 Corporate author: UNESCO At a time of heightened global tension, when human rights, freedom of speech, peace and the future of the planet itself may seem challenged as never before, the transformational power of education is of critical importance.In Learning: The Treasure Within, the landmark Report to UNESCO by the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century in 1996, Jacques Delors, then Chairman of the Commission (1992 to 1996), spoke of education as “the necessary Utopia” and “an indispensable asset in its attempt to attain the ideals of peace, freedom and social justice.”Education was held up as neither miracle nor magic, but rather the best means to foster a climate where humanity would be improved −. and where the rich potential for learning, inherent in every individual, would be tapped. Our humanity is confronted with a very strange paradox: the world’s population has never been better educated, and yet, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 263 million children and young people are out of school, 617 million children and adolescents worldwide do not meet the minimum threshold for literacy and mathematics, at least 750 million adults are illiterate, and girls remain more likely than boys to never set foot in a classroom. Yet education is still called upon to address inequalities, poverty, terrorism and conflict. It is seen as one of the keys to global citizenship and sustainable development, two of UNESCO’s fields of action. The Organization is also mandated to lead the Education 2030 global agenda with a special focus on ensuring that no one is left behind. Under the title, “Education: Still searching for Utopia?”, the UNESCO Courier evaluates the state of global education and explores how it responds to some of the main challenges we face. 
Thinkpiece on education and conflict Year of publication: 2009 Author: Lynn Davies Corporate author: UNESCO This paper looks first at the learning sites generally (violent schools, schools as a weapon of war, curriculum and textbooks). It then focuses on specific groups in conflict – gender, language, refugees, child soldiers. Thirdly it discusses education policy and donor intervention; and finally talks of the role of research. All these overlap hugely. This is not a prescription for how the Global Monitoring Report should be structured, but identification of themes and lessons learned that seem the most significant. 
Global Citizenship Education: A Guide for Policymakers Year of publication: 2017 Author: Swee-Hin Toh | Gary Shaw | Danilo Padilla Corporate author: APCEIU In order to assist UNESCO Member States to integrate and strengthen Global Citizenship Education (GCED) in national education policies, strategies and plans to achieve SDG Target 4.7 effectively, the Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding (APCEIU) has developed and published Global Citizenship Education: A Guide for Policymakers (hereafter referred to as the Guide).The Guide is mainly divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an overview of GCED, including the following three sections: the background to GCED; the rationale for GCED; and the concept of GCED. In Part 2, various selection strategies which allow each country to incorporate GCED into its current education system aligned with its own priorities and context, were divided and suggested into five major policy areas as follow: policy review and development; curriculum review and development; capacity building; knowledge creation; sharing and dissemination; and monitoring and assessment.The Guide was first published in English and Korean and additional translations will be available in the future in other languages, including French and Arabic to provide access to more readers worldwide. We hope that the Guide will provide an opportunity for policymakers and practitioners to share their experiences and insights. 
The Influence of education on conflict and peace building Year of publication: 2010 Author: Alan Smith Corporate author: UNESCO The purpose of this paper is to identify aspects of education that may have a positive influence on the dynamics of conflict or make a contribution to peacebuilding. The UN Secretary-General’s (2009) report on peacebuilding identifies a number of recurring priorities in conflict-affected situations, ‘establishing security, building confidence in a political process, delivering initial peace dividends and expanding core national capacity’. These priorities include ‘the provision of basic services, such as water and sanitation, health and primary education’. However, in conflict-affected situations education is also about more than service delivery because it is a means of socialization and identity development through the transmission of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes across generations. Education may therefore be a driver of conflict (fuelling grievances, stereotypes, xenophobia and other antagonisms), but can also be a way of contributing to ‘conflict transformation’ and ‘peacebuilding’. 
UNESCO's programme of action: culture of peace and non-violence, a vision in action Year of publication: 2013 Corporate author: UNESCO This document builds upon the experience and resources of the Intersectoral Platform for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence and has benefited from the contribution of Professor Arjun Appadurai. This document shows the UNESCO's mission; Buidling the defences of peace in the minds of men and women and Culture of peace and Non-violence which is positive values, attitudes and behaviours for everyday peace. This document pointed out today's multiple crisis, and then introduced the programme of action on a culture of peace and non-violence. After drew the UNESCO's strategies, UNESCO's peace activities were followed. 
Education for conflict prevention and peacebuilding: meeting the global challenges of the 21st century Year of publication: 2012 Author: Phyllis Kotite Corporate author: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) The 21st century is witnessing global concern over the interrelated effects of climate change, the economic crisis, energy depletion, food and water shortages, natural disasters and conflicts all of which have devastating effects on humanity and the future of the planet. These events impact education systems and can impair the ability of governments to provide quality education for their citizens. However, when governments and ministries of education analyse and anticipate the risk of such events through careful planning, education can play an important role in preventing violent conflict, and in supporting peacebuilding efforts. An estimated 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by repeated cycles of political and other forms of violence, and the same population is often affected by hunger and poverty. Furthermore, such countries have difficulty meeting development goals. For example, no low-income fragile or conflict-affected country has yet achieved a single MDG (World Bank, 2011). In 2010 world military expenditures reached US$1.6 trillion as a result of fifteen ongoing conflicts (SIPRI, 2011). Yet, it is estimated that only US$16 billion is needed to fill the education gap to reach the EFA goals (UNESCO, 2011b: 11). This paper argues that we have the knowledge, legal instruments and mechanisms to prevent conflict and to transfer resources to sustainable development and education to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The paper describes a range of conflict prevention initiatives and examines the role of policy-makers, youth, women, and the media in maintaining and restoring peace as part of a holistic vision of education. International institutions, governments and civil society are increasingly developing conflict prevention mechanisms and utilizing political and economic incentives to avoid conflicts. They are also creating new technology for sustainable development, adaptation to climate change and renewable forms of energy. Educational planning must therefore go beyond traditional mechanisms. It must take into consideration the unpredictable nature of our times; be flexible and rapid in implementation and responsive to local needs. Training and research in sustainable development; and skills for peaceful inter-human relations, good governance, the prevention of conflict and peacebuilding are priorities elaborated in the paper. In addition, specific recommendations are highlighted such as: capacity development for conflict prevention within the education sector and other ministries, analysing the root causes of conflict and the role that education can play in mitigating tensions. This paper is an elaboration of Chapter 1.2 of the IIEP-UNESCO Guidebook for Planning Education in Emergencies and Reconstruction (IIEP-UNESCO, 2010). A brief treatment of additional global challenges (e.g. water scarcity, food insufficiency, energy depletion and economic instability), which are beyond the educational focus of this paper, may be found in Annex I.