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Foundations for Building Forward Better: An Education Reform Path for Lebanon Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: World Bank Human capital development is a critical determinant of economic growth, equity, and prosperity, but outcomes in this domain are worryingly low inLebanon, risking the future of generations of children. Lebanese children lag behind their peers in human capital development—measured accordingto the World Bank (2020c) Human Capital Index—suggesting that the future productivity of the labor force and the country’s trajectory for equitablegrowth is at risk (World Bank 2020b). The Human Capital Index indicates that children born in Lebanon today will reach, on average, only 52 percentof their potential productivity when they grow up. This is lower than the average estimates for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region(57 percent) and upper-middle-income countries (56 percent). Lebanon’s poor performance on the Human Capital Index is largely attributed to theeducation outcomes calculated for the index. If actual years of schooling, which average approximately 10.2 years in Lebanon, are adjusted for actual learning, effective years of schooling are 40 percent less—on average, only 6.3 years of actual learning (World Bank 2020b). The most recent school closures were due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with schools being closed over 75 percent of the school year between January 2020 and February 2021.1 This will likely lead to a further and significant decrease in learning: effectively, students are facing a lost year of learning (Azevedo et al. 2021). 
Education Sector Analysis: Methodological Guidelines (Vol. 3) Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | Global Partnership for Education (GPE) | Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (UK) This present volume is the third in a series of education sector analysis (ESA) guidelines following two volumes published in 2014. The series provides methodologies and applied examples for diagnosing education systems and informing national education policies and plans. This volume proposes guidelines to strengthen national capacities in analyzing education systems in four areas: inclusive education system for children with disabilities, risk analysis for resilient education systems, functioning and effectiveness of the educational administration, and stakeholder mapping and problem-driven analysis (governance and political economy). 
التنوع الاثني في العراق : سوسيولوجيا التعدد في الوحدة Year of publication: 2014 Author: Rasoul Mutlaq Corporate author: Baghdad University تتناول الدراسة ظاهرة التعددية الثقافية في العراق من خلال التركيز عل ثلاثة محاور وهي المفهوم و التكوين الاثني وطرق التخلص من الاختلاف والتمييز العرقي. وتنتهي الدراسة بأن التعددية تنبذ التعصب وأن التعددية في العراق يجب أن تحترم. Ethnic Diversity in Iraq: The Sociology of Pluralism in Unity Year of publication: 2014 Author: Rasoul Mutlaq Corporate author: Baghdad University This study deals with the phenomenon of multiculturalism in Iraq by focusing on three axes, which are the concept, ethnic composition, and ways to get rid of difference and ethnic discrimination. The study concludes that pluralism rejects intolerance and that pluralism in Iraq must be respected. 
أساليب التنشئة الاجتماعية ودورها في التفاعل الاجتماعي الديمقراطي لدى الأبناء: دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ الشق الثاني من التعليم الأساسي بمدينة المرج Year of publication: 2018 Author: Nabil Musa | Adel Abdul-Karim Corporate author: University of Benghazi محورت الدراسة حول موضوع "أساليب التنشئة الاجتماعية ودورها في التفاعل الاجتماعي الديمقراطي لدى الأبناء" دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ الشق الثاني من التعليم الأساسي بمدينة المرج، وانطلقت الدراسة من هدف عام تمثل في التعرف على دور أساليب التنشئة الاجتماعية في التفاعل الاجتماعي الديمقراطي لدى الأبناء، وقد طبقت الدراسة على عينة بلغ قوامها 60 طالبا وطالبة، وبما أن توزيع مفردات العينة تم باتباع إجراءات العينة العشوائية الطبقية النسبة على أربع مدارس تم اختيارها بشكل عشوائي من مجتمع الدراسة؛ إلا أن اختيار مفردات العينة من الأربع مدارس تم من خلال إجراءات العينة العشوائية المنتظمة، وقد اعتمد الباحثان على استمارة المقابلة كأداة لجمع بيانات الدراسة، وبما أن الدراسة التي نحن بصددها تعد من الدراسة الاستكشافية فإنه تم استخدام الجداول الأحادية والنسب المئوية لتحليل معطيات الدراسة، وأسفرت عن الدراسة مجموعة من النتائج أهمها ما يأتي: 1- أكدت الدراسة على وجود مجموعة من الأساليب المتبعة داخل مجتمع الدراسة لتنشئة الأبناء، إلا أن أكثرها انتشارا الأسلوب السلطوي أي الأسلوب الذي يعتمد على العقاب والتهديد في التعامل مع الأبناء، حيث بلغت نسبة 45% من إجمالي الأساليب المتبعة داخل مجتمع الدراسة. 2- أوضحت الدراسة أن 72% من إجمالي أفراد العينة لا تهتم أسرهم بمشاركتهم الفعلية في مناقشة بعض القضايا الخاصة بالأسرة، الأمر الذي قد تترتب عليه نمو نمط الشخصية الإنسحابية التي تتميز بعدم تحمل المسؤولية، وتزداد خطورة هذه النتيجة خاصة إذا عرفنا أن 78% من إجمالي أفراد العينة لا يهتم والديهم بأخذ آرائهم حتى في اقتناء احتياجاتهم الخاصة. Methods of Social Upbringing and Its Role in the Social and Democratic Interaction of Children: A Field Study on a Sample of Second-grade Students of Basic Education in Al-Marj City Year of publication: 2018 Author: Nabil Musa | Adel Abdul-Karim Corporate author: University of Benghazi The study focused on the subject of "methods of socialization and its role in the social interaction of children." A field study was conducted on a sample of students in the second part of basic education in Al-Marj city. The study was applied to a sample of 60 students. Since the distribution of the sample items was done using the random stratified random sampling procedure, the ratio was randomly selected from the study community. However, the selection of the four sample items was done through The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool to collect the study data. Since the study in question is considered an exploratory study, the single tables and percentages were used to analyze the study data.The study resulted in a number of results, the most important of which are the following: 1. The study confirmed the existence of a set of methods used within the society of the study to raise children. However, the most prevalent is the authoritarian style, which is the method that depends on the punishment and the threat in dealing with children, as it reached 45% of the total methods used within the study community. 2. The study revealed that 72% of the sample members do not care about their families' actual participation in discussing some issues related to the family. This may lead to the growth of the withdrawal personality pattern, which is characterized by irresponsibility. This is especially dangerous if we know that 78% Their parents are not interested in taking their opinions even in acquiring their own needs. 
Education in a Pandemic: The Disparate Impacts of COVID-19 on America’s Students Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: USA. Department of Education. Office for Civil Rights (OCR) The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights published, Education in a Pandemic: The Disparate Impacts of COVID-19 on America’s Students, in response to President Biden’s Executive Order on Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers. The report explores how the impacts of COVID-19 are falling disproportionately on students who went into the pandemic with the fewest educational opportunities, many of whom are from marginalized and underserved communities, with early research showing disparities based on race, ethnicity, LGBTQ+ identity, and other factors. 
Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents’ Education: Evidence Briefing Year of publication: 2021 Author: Adrienne Monteath-van Dok | Anthony Davis | Nicholas Frost Corporate author: Plan International UK This paper highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the education of adolescent girls and boys. 
Let’s Break Silos Now!: Achieving Disability-Inclusive Education in a Post-COVID World Year of publication: 2020 Author: Aurélie Beaujolais | Blandine Bouniol | Francesca Piatta | Julia McGeown | Sandra Boisseau | Sandrine Bohan Jacquot | Valentina Pomatto Corporate author: Humanity & Inclusion This is a report on the difficulties children with disabilities face in accessing education in the world’s poorest countries. The report draws specifically on Humanity & Inclusion and its partners’ extensive global experience and learning around education and disability. More recently, this includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education for children with disabilities. 
Guinea Pig VF (S. Prijot) Year of publication: 2015 Corporate author: Îles de Paix In Peru, the guinea pig is bred for its protein-rich flesh. For a long time, they grew up within the family itself, without any particular precaution in terms of hygiene and the care to be provided to them. Thanks to the intervention of Iles de Paix, a hundred women were trained in the breeding of these animals, thus making it possible to improve the quality and the quantity of the production. Through this action, many families have seen their food enriched considerably and for some, their income improved.