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Why Climate Change Matters for Human Security Year of publication: 2022 Author: Janani Vivekananda Corporate author: United Nations University | United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) This paper outlines the state of knowledge regarding security risks related to climate change, synthesizing the existing scientific evidence to set out five broad pathways of risk. Climate change itself is rarely a direct cause of conflict. Yet, there is ample evidence that its effects exacerbate important drivers and contextual factors of conflict and fragility, thereby challenging the stability of states and societies. Climate change impacts such as coral bleaching, diversity loss, and erratic rainfall can stress livelihoods and drive displacement, increase resource conflicts, and challenge the security and stability of people and states worldwide. Managing these security risks requires action across the entire impact chain: work to mitigate climate change; reducing its consequences on ecosystems; adapting socioeconomic systems; better management of climate-induced heightened resource competition; and strengthening governance and conflict management institutions. And every dimension of the response must be conflict-sensitive and climate proof. Without the right responses, climate change will mean more fragility, less peace and less security. But this paper sets out illustrative examples of how, with a greater understanding of how climate change interacts with social, political, economic and environmental drivers of conflict and fragility, we will be better placed to make the kind of risk-informed decisions is integral to achieving international peace and security. 
The Impact of Climate Change on Education and What to Do about It Year of publication: 2024 Author: Sergio Venegas Marin | Lara Schwarz | Shwetlena Sabarwal Corporate author: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development | World Bank Education can be the key to ending poverty in a livable planet, but governments must act now to protect it. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, floods, droughts, heatwaves and wildfires. These extreme weather events are in turn disrupting schooling; precipitating learning losses, dropouts, and long-term impacts. Even if the most drastic climate mitigation strategies were implemented, extreme weather events will continue to have detrimental impacts on education outcomes. 
Leveraging Digitalization for Productivity and Decent Employment: Asia-Pacific Countries with Special Needs Development Report 2024 Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UN. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN. ESCAP) The Asia-Pacific Countries with Special Needs Development Report is a recurrent ESCAP annual publication that discusses issues of interest for Asia-Pacific least developed countries (LDCs), landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS), collectively referred to as countries with special needs (CSN). The Asia-Pacific Countries with Special Needs Development Report 2023: Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Seamless and Sustainable Connectivity examines how regional cooperation on seamless and sustainable connectivity can facilitate a long-term transformation towards a net zero carbon emissions future. Recognising ongoing efforts and existing initiatives and considering the large financing gaps in the countries in special situations, the Report underscores the need to seek synergies between transport, energy, and digital connectivity initiatives in the region. 
Synergy Solutions for a World in Crisis: Tackling Climate and SDG Action Together Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNFCCC | UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) In May 2023 UNDESA and UNFCCC Secretariat co-convened the Expert Group on Climate and SDG Synergy. The Group consists of 14 renowned experts from diverse thematic and geographic backgrounds who were given the task of developing the First Global Report on Climate and SDG Synergies. This report demonstrates that aggressively acting on climate and development in an integrated and synergistic way is an important opportunity to achieve the course correction the UN Secretary- General has called for. It highlights some of the challenges but also the opportunities if the international community is seriously committed to enhancing these synergies and thereby addressing these challenges. The report is designed to provide a broad overview of available data and evidence, insights from experts on the frontlines, and recommendations for enhancing synergistic action across the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. This first edition will form the basis for future iterations, which will entail a wider scope of sectors, and thematic areas and deep dives on specific issues pertaining to strengthening and operationalizing synergic climate and SDG actions at all levels. 
ESCWA Water Development Report 8: The Water-related Sustainable Development Goals in the Arab Region Year of publication: 2019 Corporate author: UN. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN. ESCWA) Water-related SDGs have a central role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its interlinked Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets. While the dedicated goal on water (SDG6) aims to ensure availability and the sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, pursing this goal supports the achievement many other goals. Regional monitoring and reporting of the water-related SDGs thus supports a better understanding of water across the sustainable development agenda and provides insights on the progress and challenges facing the Arab region as it aims to achieve the SDGs and associated national targets under conditions of water scarcity and increasing water stress. This eighth issue of the Water Development Report of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) examines the water-related SDGs from the perspective of water security and scarcity in the Arab region. It identifies ways to assess and address present and projected water scarcity at the regional and national levels for various climate change scenarios. It reviews regional and national water strategies and action plans coherency with global water-related goals and targets. The study analyses how the water-related SDG targets and indicators can guide the development of policy measures to tackle water challenges in the Arab region. Proposed policy interventions include measures to conserve and protect water resources and generate additional nonconventional water resources. Selected policy options are quantified and analysed for two climate scenarios for the future period 2030-2050 in view of informing sustainable planning and appropriate decision support systems to optimize and rationalize water use. The report also provides insights on institutional mechanisms in place for monitoring and implementing water-related SDGs at various scales. تقرير المياه والتنمية الثامن: أهداف التنمية المستدامة المتعلقة بالمياه في المنطقة العربية Year of publication: 2019 Corporate author: UN. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN. ESCWA) لأهداف التنمية المستدامة ذات الصلة بالمياه دور رئيسي في تحقيق خطة التنمية المستدامة لعام 2030 وأهداف التنمية المستدامة الأخرى ومقاصدها. ويسعى الهدف المكرّس للمياه (الهدف 6) إلى ضمان توفر المياه وإتاحة خدمات الصرف الصحي للجميع وإدارتهما بشكل مستدام. وفي العمل على بلوغه ما يدعم تحقيق العديد من الأهداف الأخرى. ويساهم رصد أهداف التنمية المستدامة ذات الصلة بالمياه والإبلاغ عنها على الصعيد الإقليمي في فهم أفضل لموقع المياه في خطة التنمية المستدامة، ويعطي فكرة عما حققته المنطقة العربية من تقدم وما واجهته من تحديات في سعيها إلى تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة والغايات الوطنية المرتبطة بها، في ظل ندرة المياه وزيادة الإجهاد المائي. ويبحث العدد الثامن من تقرير اللجنة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا (الإسكوا) حول تنمية المياه في أهداف التنمية المستدامة ذات الصلة بالمياه من منظور الأمن المائي وندرة المياه في المنطقة العربية. ويحدّد طرقاً لتقييم ومعالجة ندرة المياه الحالية والمتوقعة على المستويين الإقليمي والوطني على ضوء سيناريوهات مختلفة لتغيُّر المناخ. ويستعرض مدى اتساق الاستراتيجيات وخطط العمل المائية الإقليمية والوطنية مع الأهداف والمقاصد العالمية ذات الصلة بالمياه. وتبيّن الدراسة كيف يمكن الاسترشاد بمقاصد ومؤشرات أهداف التنمية المستدامة ذات الصلة بالمياه في وضع تدابير في السياسة العامة لمواجهة تحديات المياه في المنطقة العربية. وتشمل التدخلات المقترحة على صعيد السياسات العامة تدابير للحفاظ على موارد المياه وحمايتها، وتوليد موارد مائية إضافية غير تقليدية. ويتم تقدير السياسات العامة المختارة وتحليلها ضمن سيناريوهين مناخيين للفترة المستقبلية 2030-2050 بهدف توجيه التخطيط المستدام والنُظُم الداعمة لعمليات اتخاذ القرارات بما يؤدي إلى تحسين استخدام المياه وترشيده. ويستعرض التقرير الآليات المؤسسية القائمة لرصد أهداف التنمية المستدامة ذات الصلة بالمياه وتنفيذها على مستويات مختلفة. 
Scientific Education: New Methodologies for a Changing Society (Iberoamerican Journal of Education; vol. 87, no. 1) Year of publication: 2021 Author: F. Javier Perales | David Aguilera Corporate author: Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture (OEI) A society as changing as ours needs changes (innovations) and adaptations in the educational field that allow academics to be combined with social demands. We believe that this first monograph is representative of the richness and diversity of the proposals received which, in turn, constitute a sample of the strength of the community of teachers and researchers in their desire to make science education an attractive and efficient for new generations. Educación científica: Nuevas metodologías para una sociedad cambiante (Revista Ibero-americana de Educação; vol. 87, núm. 1) Year of publication: 2021 Author: F. Javier Perales | David Aguilera Corporate author: Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI) Una sociedad tan cambiante como la nuestra necesita de cambios (innovaciones) y adaptaciones en el ámbito educativo que permitan compaginar lo académico con las demandas sociales. Este primer monográfico estimamos que resulta representativo de la riqueza y diversidad de las propuestas recibidas que, a su vez, constituyen un muestrario de la pujanza de la comunidad de docentes e investigadores en su afán de hacer de la enseñanza de las ciencias una oferta atractiva y eficiente para las nuevas generaciones. 
Climate Change Adaptation Policy, 10 years: Tracking Adaptation and Suggesting the Way Forward (Ⅲ) Year of publication: 2021 Author: YoungiI Song | Jiyoung Shin | Jinhan Park | Songmi Park | Mirae Kim Corporate author: Korea Environment Institute (KEI) This study suggested the direction of preparing and wrote the climate change adaptation gap report by sector. This study defined the adaptation gap as the degree of implementation compared to the adaptation goal and evaluated the effect of reducing climate change risk.This study prepared a climate change adaptation gap report through the process of selecting representative indicators, setting adaptation goals, and analyzing national climate change adaptation policies for five sectors: forest/ecosystem, agriculture and fisheries, water, health, and territory/coast.Through the writing of the climate change adaptation gap report, We identified the insufficient climate change adaptation measures and suggested the policy directions to effectively reduce climate change risk and ensure the effectiveness of future climate change adaptation policies.As a result, we emphasized the climate change adaptation efforts are needed, such as establishing climate change adaptation policies directly related to climate change risk, building the data to understand the effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures, and setting goals for climate change adaptation. 기후변화 적응정책 10년: 현주소 진단과 개선방안 모색을 중심으로 (Ⅲ) Year of publication: 2021 Author: 송영일 | 신지영 | 박진한 | 박송미 | 김미래 Corporate author: 한국환경연구원 IPCC 제5차 평가보고서(2013년) 발간 이후 8년만인 올해 발간된 제6차 평가보고서에서는 전 세계 평균기온이 산업혁명 이전보다 1.09℃ 증가한 것으로 발표하였는데, 이는 제5차 보고서 발간 당시 발표한 0.78℃에 비하여 0.31℃가 증가한 것입니다. 전 세계적으로 온실가스 발생을 감축하기 위해 꾸준히 노력해 왔음에도 불구하고 지난 8년 정도의 시간 동안 이와 같은 기온상승이 있었습니다. 이는 기후변화가 우리의 생각보다 빨리 진행되고 있으며 이미 배출된 온실가스만으로도 기후변화가 지속적으로 발생할 수 있다는 사실을 뒷받침합니다. 신 기후체제의 근간이 되는 파리협정에서는 감축과 함께 적응을 중요한 기후변화 대응방안으로 평가하고 있습니다.우리나라에서는 기후변화의 부정적 영향에 대비하고 기후탄력성을 키워 기후 안전 사회를 이루기 위하여 2010년부터 적응정책을 이행하고 있습니다. 지난 10년간 적응정책 이행 과정에서 발생한 성과와 한계를 진단하고 이를 토대로 개선방안을 제시하기 위하여 총 3년에 걸쳐 본 과제가 수행되었습니다. 3년 차인 2021년에는 제도적 측면의 평가와 기후변화 리스크 저감 효과 측면에서 적응정책을 살펴보았습니다. 본 연구에서 도출한 해외주요 국가들과의 적응정책 비교·분석 결과 및 적응목표와 이행 정도에 대한 갭(gap) 분석 결과는 적응정책을 개선하고 실효성을 높이는 데 이바지할 것으로 기대합니다. * 본 저작물은 한국환경연구원에서 '2021'년에 작성하여 공공누리 제'4'유형으로 개방한 ‘기후변화 적응정책 10년: 현주소 진단과 개선방안 모색을 중심으로 (Ⅲ)(작성자: 송영일 외)’를 이용하였으며 해당 저작물은 한국환경연구원 홈페이지(http://www.kei.re.kr)’에서 무료로 다운받으실 수 있습니다.