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Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education; Who Chooses? Who Loses? Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: UNESCO Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfill the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practiced by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors.  Youth of Central Asia, Challenges for Peacebuilding: A Comprehensive Research Review Year of publication: 2021 Author: Laura Yerekesheva Corporate author: UNESCO The estimations are that by 2030, the world will be home to 1.3 billion young people. This speaks about the importance of the youth for development in various parts of the globe, particularly in developing countries which constitute 90% of the global youth population. From comprehensive holistic perspective peace, peacebuilding and dialogue embrace all aspects and dimensions of life – inter-generational, social, economic, political, ethnic, religious, civic, ideological, cultural, and natural. The youth related issues are directly linked with the SDGs agenda. Central Asian states are also on the list of developing countries, with an increasing demographic share of the youth in the general population, meaning that the countries of the region are “young.” As of 2020, the total population of the four countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) was 68.46 million, of which youth comprised 16.55 million or 24,1%. What Challenges for Peacebuilding the Youth of Central Asia Face? This highlights the urgency required for elaborating and implementing special policies on youth development. For Central Asia, the peace and peacebuilding agenda is the development agenda, and vice versa, as neither is possible without the other, and these in turn are intrinsically linked with youth-related issues. This report provides a detailed overview of the existing challenges to the youth of the 4 countries of the region – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan, Uzbekistan – structured around three main themes of peacebuilding: (1) an education and learning environment; (2) economic and social participation; and (3) civic engagement. Governments, international organizations, professionals and policymakers in the youth, peacebuilding and development sectors, academia and NGOs are invited to join forces to accelerate the achievement of youth development for a more just, sustainable and peaceful future.  The Value Logic of Public Opinion Governance from the Perspective of Democracy Year of publication: 2022 Author: 杜粉 This article examines the governance of public opinion in the online environment from the perspective of democracy. Media Literacy Education to Counter Truth Decay: An Implementation and Evaluation Framework Year of publication: 2021 Author: Alice Huguet | John F. Pane | Garrett Baker | Laura S. Hamilton | Susannah Faxon-Mills Corporate author: RAND Corporation Media literacy (ML) education has emerged as a promising approach to slowing the spread of Truth Decay, described as the diminishing role that facts, data, and analysis play in political and civil discourse. Several factors contribute to Truth Decay, including a rapidly evolving information ecosystem and overburdened educational institutions. Many teachers believe their students lack the complex skills that are necessary to navigate today’s information- saturated world. This gap—between students’ existing competencies and those required to engage responsibly in a fast-paced media environment— could lead to negative consequences for individuals and society writ large.However, teachers report a lack of guidance around promoting ML education in their practice, and rigorous research about what kinds of ML educationwork best, and in what conditions, remains limited. This report presents a framework for implementing and evaluating ML educational efforts. Following an introduction to the framework, the authors discuss six steps of ML implementation and evaluation: setting ML learning expectations; identifying conditions that can influence ML instructional efforts; exploring instructional resources; identifying measures of ML competencies; monitoring progress; and finally, measuring the summative impacts of ML education on student learning. By bringing this information together for implementors—such as district decisionmakers and teachers—as well as evaluators, the authors emphasize the important connections between these too often separate groups.  Communication and Information Programme Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: UNESCO UNESCO is the UN specialized agency building peace in the minds of people through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. Our mission is to foster intercultural dialogue and sustainable development, by promoting the free flow of ideas.By adopting a multi-disciplinary and inclusive approach, UNESCO works with both duty-bearers and rights-holders across the world to develop and implement targeted actions that are born out of local needs, which ensures a holistic and results-based approach for sustainable change.In the field of communication and information, UNESCO defends and promotes freedom of expression, media independence and pluralism, and the building of inclusive knowledge societies underpinned by universal access to information and the innovative use of digital technologies.Through capacity-building, policy advice, international cooperation, monitoring and foresight in the fields of freedom of expression, access to information, and digital transformation, UNESCO will continue to empower key actors with a view to ensuring that fundamental freedoms are guaranteed online and offline, in line with international standards.This is all the more relevant to ensure the ethical development and use of emerging technologies, which have a growing impact on all aspects of the world’s societies. Citizens will also be empowered to enjoy these fundamental freedoms through the development of 21st century skills and the fostering of enabling environments for media pluralism and diversity.  How to Help Kids Spot Fake News and Misinformation Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: Internet Matters This video gives practical tips on how to help children spot fake news and avoid being misled into believing something that might impact their wellbeing.  Online Media Literacy Strategy Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: Government of the United Kingdom The Online Harms White Paper set out a commitment to develop an Online Media Literacy Strategy ahead of the implementation of the online harms regulator. The aim of the strategy is to educate and empower internet users across the UK to manage their online safety. Over 170 organisations are currently involved in delivering media literacy education in the UK. The Media Literacy Strategy sets out the government’s multi-year plan to bring coordination to the media literacy landscape and outlines a Media Literacy Framework of best practice principles to inform the content and delivery of media literacy education.  Pedagogies of Media and Information Literacies Year of publication: 2012 Author: Suvi Tuominen Corporate author: UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education (IITE) UNESCO has been actively involved in developing foundations for media and information literacy to assist Member States in pursuing the achievement of the objectives of the Grünwald Declaration (1982), the Alexandria Declaration (2005) and the UNESCO Paris Agenda (2007) related to MIL.The UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education commissioned this Handbook, which is intended to become a useful tool that would equip teacher training institutions and facilitate teaching media and information literacy in teacher training, to the Finnish Society on Media Education. This Handbook should help teachers to enhance their media and information literacy and encourage them to take up media education in the classroom. The main target group is teachers of secondary schools who are either in training or in service. The Handbook provides teachers with basic knowledge on media and information literacy, and the way these skills can be taught.The Finnish Society on Media Education (www.mediaeducation.fi – FSME), founded in 2005 by Finnish researchers and practitioners in media education, is an association operating nation-wide in two main languages (Finnish and Swedish). The goal of FSME activities is to support and develop the field of research and practices concerning media education, contribute to the public debate and provide opportunities to share media educational experiences online and offline.  Manual for Reporting Violent Extremism and Terrorism Year of publication: 2021 Corporate author: Albanian Media Institute Contemporary journalists and media are responsible for informing the public, but this is made challenging in the age of disinformation and when citizens are victims of “false” information, sometimes as a result of propaganda produced by extremist or terrorist groups.This new circumstance requires a new ethical and professional awareness. In this context, Albanian Media Institute convened a group of experts that created a set of guidelines that media can follow when covering violent extremism and terrorism. These are based in part on international texts, the UNESCO handbook for journalists Terrorism and the media and other professional guidelines, as well as on the experience of the Albanian media coverage of violent extremism. The guidelines review current legal regulation that affects media coverage; the basic principles of editorial work and reporting; particular nuances and features to consider when covering terrorism; the role of social media; and the challenge of hate speech that might incite violent extremism and terrorism. Ethical journalists are rightly wary of being told how to do their job so we recognize that the reality of reporting terrorism cannot be limited by a strict instruction manual. These suggestions are therefore offered as potential guidance, providing reporters and editors who cover these issues with thoughts and ideas that may help them deal with professional challenges they face in their everyday work.   Getting the Message Across: Reporting on Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific; A Handbook for Journalists Year of publication: 2018 Corporate author: UNESCO Getting the Message Across, Reporting on Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific: A Handbook for Journalists has been customized for journalists to tell the climate change story specific to the region. It explores the essential aspects of climate change, including its injustices to vulnerable communities, especially women and girls and least developed countries, and provides examples of best practices and stories of hope unique to the region. It can be used as a resource for journalists to understand the science of climate change, as well as helping journalists to improve their reporting of the environmental, social, economic ̧ political, technological and other angles of the story.