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Multilingual Education in Central Asian Institutions of Higher Education (Journal of Moscow University. Series 20. Pedagogical Education; No.2, 2020) Year of publication: 2020 Author: Цзэн Тин In the context of internationalization, language education and the choice of language for teaching have become important factors affecting the quality of higher education. Currently, in addition to Turkmenistan, the Governments of other Central Asian countries are putting forward strategies for multilingual development that correspond to their own national characteristics. The problems of the development of multilingual education in higher educational institutions of Central Asia are as follows: strong political coloring, lack of qualified teachers, educational materials and funds for education, difficulties in the development of the national language. 
Transition to “Green Economy” in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and Challenges Year of publication: 2023 Author: Nodira Mukhammadkulova | Shakhrizoda Rakhimova Corporate author: Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting (CABAR) Climate change issues and the crisis in the energy market have led to the development of technologies for the use of alternative, more environmentally friendly and possibly renewable resources, which are called “green” technologies. In Uzbekistan, the program of transition to a green economy and green growth until 2030 was adopted at the end of 2022. According to the program, by 2030, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) used will be about 30% of the country’s total electricity generation. The issue of awareness of the population as consumers about the relevance of diversification of energy consumption, advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy sources is relevant. 
Humanitarian Action for Children in the Middle East and North Africa for 2023: Fast Facts Year of publication: 2022 Corporate author: UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Total number of children in the region: over 191.2 million Total refugee children: 6.4 million Children in need: around 52.7 million Total internally displaced children: over 6.9 million UNICEF MENA is appealing for US$ 2.6 billion to respond to the ongoing humanitarian crises and children’s humanitarian needs around the region. 
Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab States Region Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Cairo "Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State RegionUnderwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) is defined by UNESCO as “all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years such as: i. sites, structures, buildings, artefacts and human remains, together with their archaeological and natural context; ii. vessels, aircraft, other vehicles or any part thereof, their cargo or other contents, together with their archaeological and natural context; and iii. objects of prehistoric character”1.This definition relates primarily to the age and environmental conditions of the deposit, i.e., the remains must have existed fully or partially “underwater” for at least 100 years, regardless of their type, nature, or the culture to which they belong. Once these core elements have been confirmed, the archaeological material can be defined further according to one or more specific criteria: - chronology – the time period the remains date from; - region – the geographical area where the remains were found; - typology – the physical categorisation of the remains, e.g., pottery, animal bone, stone etc.It is important to recognise that while the above criteria will remain constant, the “underwater” nature of the archaeological remains is subject to change, as a result of either human or environmental intervention. For example, many sites where prehistoric activity took place on land, usually close to ancient shorelines, are • 1 - UNESCO. 2001. Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Paris: Records of the General Conference, 31st ses-sion, Article.Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Arab State Regionnow submerged due to rising sea levels. Similarly, items such as swords, deposited in lakes or rivers as part of past rituals, were made and used on land. These sites and artefacts have therefore come to meet the definition of “Underwater Cultural Heritage”. The opposite process is also possible: a shipwreck, for example, or other material remains lifted from the seabed and placed in a museum would lose its status as UCH. This nuance tells us that UCH is not necessarily a constant scientific term. It relates to the underwater environment in which the material culture is located rather than any inherent archaeological or cultural attribute2. That is not to say that the material culture’s underwater location is not important: on the contrary, the underwater context reveals changes in use, condition and meaning over time. The physical changes that the underwater environment can cause, such as corrosion or decay, and the natural, social and ideological changes that underwater locations can reflect, therefore, are vital parts of a site or object’s life history. The underwater location is also a key factor in determining which scientific techniques and methods to use when dealing with this type of material culture for purposes of exploration, research, documentation, excavation, conservation, presentation or public display. Thus, the study of UCH usually requires the use of tools and techniques that differ from those employed on terrestrial archaeological sites3. For this reason, UCH is frequently mentioned in association with underwater archaeology, i.e., archaeological work, such as excavation, recording and analysis, that takes place on partially or fully submerged sites. Underwater archaeology is governed by the same scientific principles and standards as archaeological work on land but is tailored to the specific challenges of underwater conditions4. The term “underwater archaeology” is not, therefore, a sub-discipline of archaeology. Instead, it is a technical term referring to a specific set of tools and techniques used in conducting archaeological work underwater, within the wider framework and principles of archaeological research." 
How Effective Is the Role of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Protecting and Promoting Human Rights (The Arabic Journal of Human and Social Science; Vol.13, No.5) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Saffo Nardjesse Corporate author: University of Djelfa The issue of human rights remained the first in the list of human concerns and hopes, and one of the priorities that emerged on the shoulders of the United Nations within its established and difficult-to-reach programs and goals. There is no doubt that the most important causes of its emergence are attributable to those flagrant violations of human rights, especially those linked to war crimes and others against humanity, which prompted the major countries specifically to consider establishing a body concerned with the first of all the maintenance of international peace and security and the protection and promotion of human rights. , Through the Commission on Human Rights as one of the sub-committees established by the Economic and Social Council, which is tasked with preserving the sanctity of these rights. However, it soon proved ineffective due to the control of states violating human rights on the one hand and the politicization of their role on the other hand. Over the years, the committee dealt with human rights issues in ways that some commentators described as unsatisfactory and more sterile. As a result, the new body was established under the name of the "Human Rights Council" by General Assembly Resolution 60/251, and was considered the largest international body entrusted with the responsibility of promoting global respect. Human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without discrimination of any kind and in a just and equitable manner. Did the new mechanism, with its newly created composition, adequately address the weaknesses of the Commission on Human Rights? In other words, has the Human Rights Council added from its inception to today a greater value and contribution to the ؟protection and promotion of human rights? 
The Theme of Violence Against Women on the Internet Media of Uzbekistan: Content, Tools of Representation (PR and Advertising in a Changing World: Regional Aspect; No.28, 2023) Year of publication: 2023 Author: Я. М. Маматова In the context of the pandemic and post-pandemic in the media space of Uzbekistan, the flow of information about violence against women and girls, about cases of femicide and sexual violence has increased dramatically. In Uzbekistan, there are still few studies on the topic of coverage of this issue in the mass media, but they also mainly consider gender stereotypes, the aspect of violence in the processes of migration and trafficking. 
Online and Digital Education at Universities of Uzbekistan (Open Education; vol. 25, no. 3) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Makhmutkhodjaeva L.S. The quarantine period in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic caused the need for a radical transformation of the higher education system, its new paradigm in modern digital society. In such conditions, it becomes necessary to form a digital educational environment, and many countries, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, have faced this task. Students need to develop skills in working with information, in particular, the use of information and communication technologies in the process of solving cognitive tasks and performing creative tasks in cognitive and educational activities. 
Teaching Russian Language to Students from Turkmenistan (Philological Class; vol.26, no.4) Year of publication: 2021 Author: Armine A. Grigoryan | Evgeniya B. Popkova In the last few years, there has been great interest on the part of the younger generation of the former Soviet republics in obtaining higher education in Russia. In this regard, the problem of Russian language training for foreign applicants entering bachelor’s or master’s degree programs at universities of the Russian Federation is becoming rather urgent. The purpose of the article is to consider the main factors – linguistic and extralinguistic, which hinder the successful teaching of Russian as a foreign language, and to develop methods guides aimed at the formation of the Russian language communicative competence among Turkmen students. 
Prevention of Violent Extremism in Kyrgyzstan: The Role of the International Donor Community Year of publication: 2020 Author: Chiara Pierobon The purpose of this article is to review and analyze various initiatives to prevent violent extremism implemented by the international donor community in Kyrgyzstan since 2016 and to propose recommendations aimed at more effective involvement of the donor community in this area. 
Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Central Asia and Afghanistan Year of publication: 2018 Author: Muhammad Idris This article examines the issues of radicalization and prevent violent extremism(PVE) in the context of Afghanistan and Central Asia. The purpose of the author is to analyze the problem, discuss various factors affecting it, and offer recommendations to the governments of Central Asia and Afghanistan to develop policies to eradicate radicalism and violent extremism in the region.