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UN and SDGs: A Handbook for Youth Year of publication: 2017 Author: Sunyoung Hwang | Jiwon Kim Corporate author: UN. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN. ESCAP) | Asian Development Bank (ADB) | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) "UN and SDGs: A Handbook for Youth" is an outcome of ESCAP East and North-East Asiaโs internship program that brings young people closer to the work of the United Nations, as well as to the achievement of the ambitious set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As young leaders of tomorrow, it is pivotal that youth are informed and engaged with the global vision for the future. Over the next fifteen years, youth will not only directly experience the outcome of SDGs and plans, but will also be the key driver for their successful implementation. For this reason, it is vital to raise awareness about the recently adopted 17 SDGs and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development among youth, build a platform for discussion, and create the conditions for active engagement. This Handbook explores SDGs and the 2030 Agenda from a youth perspective. In the first chapter, it introduces the concept of sustainable development and outlines its historical development through the transition from Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to SDGs. The second chapter discusses how youth can be harnessed as a major agent of change in achieving sustainable development, focusing on several pertinent youth issues in Asia and the Pacific. The final chapter introduces the UN system and its regional arm, ESCAP, explaining their role in the successful implementation of SDGs.
์ฒญ๋
์ ์ํ UN๊ณผ SDGs ํธ๋๋ถ Year of publication: 2017 Author: Sunyoung Hwang | Jiwon Kim Corporate author: UN. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN. ESCAP) | Asian Development Bank (ADB) | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ์ด ํธ๋๋ถ์ ์ ์์ ์
๋ฌด์ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๋ชฉํ(SDGs)์ ๋ํด ๋ฐฐ์ธ ์ ์๋ ์ ์ ์ธํด์ญ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ํตํด ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก์ต๋๋ค. ์ฒญ๋
๋ค์ด ๋ด์ผ์ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ก์จ ๋ฏธ๋ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๋น์ ์ ์ธ์ํ๊ณ , ์ด์ ์ ๊ทน ๋์ฐธํ๋ ์ผ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ํฅํ 15๋
๊ฐ SDGs์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฒดํํ๊ณ , ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํํ ํต์ฌ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ํ 2030 ์์ ์ SDGs์ ๋ํ ์ฒญ๋
๋ค์ ์ธ์์ ํจ์ํ๊ณ , ๋
ผ์์ ์ฅ์ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค. '์ฒญ๋
์ ์ํ UN๊ณผ SDGs ํธ๋๋ถ'์ ์ฒญ๋
๋ค์ ๊ด์ ์์ 2030 ์์ ์ SDGs๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ดํฉ๋๋ค. ์ 1์ฅ์์๋ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ฒ๋
๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ชฉํ (MDGs)์์ SDGs๋ก์ ์ดํ์ ํตํ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋ํด ์์๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ์ 2์ฅ์์๋ ์์์ํํ์์ง์ญ ๋ด ์ฒญ๋
๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ์์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถฐ ์ฒญ๋
๋ค์ด ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ์ ์คํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด๋ค ์ญํ ์ ํ ์ ์๋์ง์ ๋ํด ๋
ผ์ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ 3์ฅ์์๋ ์ ์ ์์คํ
๊ณผ ์ง์ญ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ESCAP์ ๋ํด ์๊ฐํ๋ฉด์ SDGs์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ดํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์์ด์์ ์ฒญ๋
๋ค์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ํด ์์๋ด
๋๋ค.
The Comparison of Research Trends on Global Citizenship Education, Democratic Civic Education, and Civic Education Using Text Mining Techniques (Journal of Education & Culture; Vol. 25, No. 6) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Kyunghee Park Corporate author: Education Research Institute of Inha University The purpose of this study is to compare the research trends of global citizenship education(GCED), democratic civic education(DCED), and civic education(CIED). For this purpose, it was analysed into abstracts of 403 articles, extracted 3,932 key-words through text mining analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, GCED emphasized global competence and international understanding centering on cultural diversity. DCED was d iscussed mainly on the problems of national politics, and the unification issues on the democracy. CIED emphasized participation and practice in the national and cultural context. Second, with regard to the changes of orientation, GCED has changed to explore the practical education design. And DCED and CIED have changed to deal with various issues and contents. Based on these results, implications of this study were discussed for civic educations reflected future learner's diversity and personality.
A Study on the Development and Effects of the Global Citizenship Education Program Focusing on Improving Empathic Ability of Higher Grade Elementary School Students (Journal of Education & Culture; Vol. 25, No. 5) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Cho Sangin | Bae Heeboon Corporate author: Inha University. Education Research Institute This study aims to develop a global citizenship education program focused on empathy enhancement, apply it to Elementary School Students in Higher Grade, and reveal whether it has an effect on empathic ability improvement. A program development model was established for program development and along with literary review and common elements were drawn from global citizenship education programs that had previously been developed and applied to construct the final program. The developed program was applied to 60 fifth grade students and for effectiveness verification, pre and post tests were conducted on both the test group and control group. As a result, the test group participating in the program displayed more improvement in cognitive, emotional, and communicative empathy than the group before participating the program but the control group showed no change. Therefore, it was empirically shown that global citizenship education programs focusing on empathy enhancement do help to enhance the empathy of higher grade elementary school students and that they overcome the limitations of previous global citizenship education that simply provokes sympathy or only focuses on material support. Also, by combining counseling elements with global citizenship education, it implied synergy effects with counseling domains.
์ด๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ณ ํ๋
์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฆ์ง์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ํจ๊ณผ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ (๊ต์ก๋ฌธํ์ฐ๊ตฌ; Vol. 25, No. 5) Year of publication: 2019 Author: ์กฐ์์ธ | ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ถ Corporate author: ์ธํ๋ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฆ์ง์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ณ ํ๋
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ค์ํ์ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ํฅ์์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋์๋ค. ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํ์ฌ ๋ชจํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๊ณ ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธํ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ์ํ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์์ ๊ณตํต์์๋ค์ ๋์ถํ์ฌ ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ค. ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด๋ฑํ๊ต 5ํ๋
60๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ค์ํ์๊ณ , ํจ๊ณผ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ ์ํด ์คํ์ง๋จ๊ณผ ํต์ ์ง๋จ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ -์ฌํ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ์คํ์ง๋จ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ด์ ์ ๋นํด ์ธ์ง์ , ์ ์์ , ์์ฌ์ํต์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋ชจ๋ ํฅ์๋์์ผ๋ ํต์ ์ง๋จ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฆ์ง์ ์ด์ ์๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด๋ฑํ๊ต ๊ณ ํ๋
์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฆ์ง์ ๋์์ด ๋๋ฉฐ, ์์นซ ๋์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์์กฐ์๋ง ์ด์ ์ด ๋ง์ถฐ์ง ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ํ๊ณ์ ์ ๋ณด์ํ ์ ์์์ ์ค์ฆ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ์๋ด์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์๋ด ์์ญ๊ณผ์ ์๋์ง ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ฌํ๋ค. ์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ์ธ์๋ณํ๋ก ์ธํด ์๋ด ์์ญ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ํ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ ๋ ๋ค์ํ ๋์ด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒ์ฆํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
ํ
์คํธ ๋ง์ด๋์ ํ์ฉํ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก, ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํฅ ๋น๊ต (๊ต์ก๋ฌธํ์ฐ๊ตฌ; Vol. 25, No. 6) Year of publication: 2019 Author: ๋ฐ๊ฒฝํฌ Corporate author: Inha University. Education Research Institute ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก, ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ด ์ด๋ ํ ์งํฅ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ๋
ผ์๋์ด ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ๋๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ๊ตญ๋ด์์ ๋ฐํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋
ผ๋ฌธ 403๊ฑด์ ์ด๋ก์ ๋ถ์ํ์๊ณ , ๋น
๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ถ์์ ์ผ์ข
์ธ ํ
์คํธ ๋ง์ด๋์ ํตํด ํ์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ 3,932๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ ๋จ์ด๋ค์ ์ถ์ถํ์ฌ ๋จ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํตํด, ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๋ฌธํ๋ค์์ฑ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ์ญ๋๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํ์๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ ์น ๋ฐ ์ ๋์ ํต์ผ ๋ฑ ์ฌํ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ค์์์ ์ ์ ์์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ โค๋ฌธํ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ ์ค์ฒ์ ๊ฐ์กฐํด์๋ค. ๋ค์์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐ๋ณ ์งํฅ์ฑ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ์ฌํ์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ด์์ ๊ดํ ๋
ผ์์์ ํ๊ต ๋ฑ์ ๊ต์กํ์ฅ์์ ์ค์ฒ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ก ์ด์๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ชจ์ํ๋ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์์๋ค. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก์ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์์ ์ ์น, ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํ ๊ต์ก์์ญ๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์์ ๋ค์ํ ์ด์์ ๊ต์ก๋ด์ฉ๋ค๋ก ํ์ฅ๋๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํํ์๋ค. ์ด์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๋ฏธ๋์ฌํ์์ ํ์ต์ ์๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์๋, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ธํ๋ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ค์ฒ์ ์ํ ๊ต์ก์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค.
Incheon Declaration: Education 2030: Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all Year of publication: 2015 Corporate author: UNESCO The "Incheon Declaration: Education 2030: Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all" was signed and adopted at the end of the World Education Forum 2015 (WEF 2015) by over 130 Education Ministers and more than 1500 participants. The Declaration marks an important step in the development of international education policy, continuing the Education for All (EFA) movement started in Jomtien in 1990 and formalized in Dakar in 2000. The Declaration also reaffirms the commitment to realize the SDG4, โEnsure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for allโ and the willingness to invest efforts on access, equity and inclusion, quality and learning outcomes, within a lifelong learning approach.
Dรฉclaration d'Incheon: Education 2030: Vers une รฉducation inclusive de qualitรฉ et รฉquitable et de l'apprentissage ร vie pour tous Year of publication: 2015 Corporate author: UNESCO La โDรฉclaration de Incheon: Education 2030: Vers une รฉducation inclusive de qualitรฉ et รฉquitable et l'apprentissage continu pour tousโ a รฉtรฉ signรฉ et adoptรฉ ร la fin du Forum Mondial sur l'รducation 2015 (FME 2015) par plus de 130 ministres de l'รฉducation et plus de 1500 participants. La Dรฉclaration marque une รฉtape importante dans le dรฉveloppement de la politique de l'รฉducation internationale, continue l'Education pour tous (EPT) a commencรฉ ร Jomtien en 1990 et formalisรฉ ร Dakar en 2000. La Dรฉclaration rรฉaffirme รฉgalement l'engagement de rรฉaliser le SDG4, โAssurer inclusivement l'รฉducation รฉquitable de la qualitรฉ et promouvoir les possibilitรฉs d'apprentissage continu pour tousโ et la volontรฉ d'investir des efforts sur l'accรจs, l'รฉquitรฉ et l'inclusion, la qualitรฉ des rรฉsultats et de l'apprentissage, dans une approche de l'apprentissage continu.
A Study on the Support Methods of Education for Sustainable Development in Connection with Global Citizenship Education (Journal of Education & Culture; Vol.24, No.4) Year of publication: 2018 Author: Youngsoon Kim | Hyunhee Yoon Corporate author: Inha University. Education Research Institute The purpose of this study is to explore supportive measures for revitalizing education for sustainable development linked to global citizenship education and to discuss the practical ways of activation in educational field. The researchers interviewed nine experts on global citizenship education and education for sustainable development for the project. It also collected opinions on how to promote sustainable development education linked to global citizenship education. As a result of the research, experts have presented three tasks as a support measure for promoting sustainable development programs associated with global citizenship education. It was to provide classroom support, enhance teacher skills, and establish a network of related institutions. To improve the quality of the classes, practical operational materials are required, such as textbooks, supplementary materials, and the development of class models and programs. In addition, systematic and continuous training is required to enhance the capabilities of teachers. Lastly, it is necessary to share roles of education-related organizations, such as the Education Ministry, education office, civic groups, local governments and schools, and to establish a network system. Based on the above research results, the Commission discussed future tasks required to support the promotion of sustainable development programs related to international citizens ' education.
์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์กํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ง์๋ฐฉ์ ํ์ (๊ต์ก๋ฌธํ์ฐ๊ตฌ; Vol.24, No.4) Year of publication: 2018 Author: ๊น์์ | ์คํํฌ Corporate author: ์ธํ๋ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์ก ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ง์๋ฐฉ์์ ํ์ํ์ฌ ๊ต์ก ํ์ฅ์์์์ค์ ์ ์ธ ํ์ฑํ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋
ผ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ํ์ ์ํด ํ๊ฒฝ, ์ฌํ๏ฝฅ๋ฌธํ, ๊ฒฝ์ , ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ๋ฑ์ ์์ญ๋ณ๋ก๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ 9๋ช
์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์ธํฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์ก ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ง์ ๋ฐฉ์์๋ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์๋ ดํ์๊ณ , ๋งคํธ๋ฆญ์ค ๋ถ์๋ฒ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฝ๋ฉ ๋ฐ ํด์์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค.์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์ก ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ง์๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์์
์ง์, ๊ต์ฌ ์ญ๋๊ฐํ, ๊ด๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ 3๊ฐ์ง ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์ก์ ์ํ ์์
์์ง์ ๋์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๊ด๋ จ ๊ต๊ณผ์๋ ๋ณด์ถฉ๊ต์ฌ, ์์
๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ํตํด ์ค์ ์ ์ธ ์ด์ ์๋ฃ๊ฐ ์ ๊ณต๋ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ํ, ์์
์ ์ด์ํ๋ ๊ต์ฌ์ ์ญ๋์ ๊ฐํํ ์ ์๋ ๊ต์ฌ ์ฐ์๊ฐ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ด๊ณ ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผํ๋ค. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๊ต์ก๋ถ, ๊ต์ก์ฒญ, ์๋ฏผ๋จ์ฒด, ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น๋จ์ฒด, ํ๊ต ๋ฑ ๊ต์ก ๊ด๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด๋ค์ ์ญํ ๋ถ๋ด๊ณผ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ด ํ์ํจ์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ์๋ค. ์ด์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก, ์ธ๊ณ์๋ฏผ๊ต์ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ฐ์ ๊ต์ก ํ์ฑํ ์ง์์์ํด ์์ผ๋ก ์๊ตฌ๋๋ ์ถํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํด ๋
ผ์ํ์๋ค. 