Resources
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Young Children’s Citizenship Education in Canada: Background, Content and Values; Based on the Analysis of Early Learning Guidelines in Alberta, British Columbia and Nova Scotia Year of publication: 2019 Author: XU Peng Corporate author: Primary and Secondary Education in Foreign Countries Citizenship education for young children has been growingly emphasized by western countries. With the influence of global policy discourses, curriculum reform in early childhood education and studies of young children’s citizenship, citizenship education has become a key aspect in Canadian early childhood curriculum. Based on recent studies, this research forms a theoretical framework for citizenship education, which covers four dimensions of citizenship (political education, social education, subjectivity education and civic practice education). The early learning frameworks in Alberta, British Columbia and Nova Scotia are analyzed through thematic analysis. In general, citizenship education for young children in these three provinces reveal the following features: emphasizing young children’s rights and responsibilities, and advocating young children’s subject positions as citizens; the traditional citizenship is being changed and young children’s participation is highlighted as the root of democracy; young children’s citizenship lies in multiple discursive fields with indigenous perspective emerging. 
Research on National Curriculum Standards and Framework Year of publication: 2001 Author: Cui Yunkuo This article is devoted to explaining the nature and framework of the national curriculum standards and the presentation techniques of the curriculum objectives. First, this article discusses the nature of the curriculum standard, describing the prescriptiveness of the curriculum standards, and then discussed the normative presentation of the curriculum standard framework. It also provides the framework of the first national curriculum standards in China and finally explains the presentation techniques of the course objectives, as well as the level of learning and behavioral verbs. 
Global Citizenship Education in Children's Festivals Year of publication: 2012 Author: zhu jiehong Global citizenship education aims at cultivating modern citizens with an international outlook and global awareness. As an important carrier of culture, festivals play an important role in cultivating children's understanding and respect for multiculturalism. Kindergarten can fully pass the idea of global citizenship education through a series of world festival activities. In addition, global citizenship education of young children should pay attention to the creation of the activity environment, the use of materials in the activity area, and the creation of a multicultural environment. 
A Review of Neo-liberal Global Citizenship Education in Western Societies Year of publication: 2016 Author: Zhou Xiaoyong Global citizenship education has become an increasingly dominant discourse among western societies. However, practices of global citizenship education assume plural forms, among which neo-liberal global citizenship education is an important one. Neo-liberalism competitiveness emphasizes personal choice based on cometition and access to global competitiveness and global cultural capital guided by competence. If this marked-oriented competition continues to ignore question of power and access, global citizens of this kind will take it for granted that the privilege they enjoyed is a natural result and a symbol of personal success. For people in developing countries, this is an obviously unfair situation. 
World Development Report 2018 and Its Policy Implications for Education Development in China Year of publication: 2018 Author: Liu Ji 2018 comprehensively describes a crisis that is looming worldwide: Schooling does not equalize learning. Drawing on key insights from the report, this study provides a high—level summary and relates the findings to common and critical issues that China is today. Specifically, this study highlights five important policy implications for education development in China: Education quality monitoring, adaptive policies, evidence-based decision, expanding human capital investments, and building stronger ties with international organizations. 
The International Experience and Enlightenment of Global Citizenship Education In the New Century (Journal of Shanghai Education Research) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Wuxi | Thomas Tse Corporate author: Shanghai Educational Research Since the beginning of the new century, international or regional organizations such as UNESCO and Oxfam have been actively carrying out teaching practices related to global citizenship education, highlighting similar orientation characteristics and providing important reference value for the implementation of global citizenship education in formal education. They emphasize cognition, skill, value and action as the training direction, take diversity, criticalness and action as the core topic, learn objective from simple description to critical analysis, and take integrated systematic teaching as the main practice mode. 
Study on Singapore’s Character and Citizenship Education Curriculum Reform: Discuss the Design of the Integration of Moral Education Curriculum from Primary School to University (Global Education; Vol. 48, No. 2) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Wu Xiaowei Corporate author: East China Normal University Strengthening the integration of moral education curriculum is an important part of the overall planning of a moral education system from primary school to university, which also is an important method to improve the effectiveness of moral education. Singapore’s curriculum reform reviving around character and citizenship education can provide reference and enlightenment for the integration of moral curriculum from primary school to university in China. Using the socialist core values to lead and plan the moral education curriculum system, we should focus on the systematic of curriculum objectives, the organic integration of curriculum structure and content, the rational use of teaching methods and strategies and evaluation models, so as to promote the coordinated connection and development of moral education courses from primary school to university. 
Analysis of the Education for Democratic Citizenship Policies in Norway (Global Education; No. 5) Year of publication: 2013 Author: Yang Tingting Corporate author: East China Normal University There are growing concerns about Islamophobia and far-right and anti-democratic movements across Europe. Norway’s vulnerability was not perceived until the July 2011 attacks happened in Norway in which 77 people died. This paper will examine education for democratic citizenship policies in the context both of extreme right political activity happened nationally and inter- nationally, considering ways in which it supports the national identity, cultural diversity, social cohesion, seeking the value orientation, core content and weaknesses of education for democratic citizenship policies in Norway. 
Values Education in Primary and Secondary School of Japan: Approach, Orderliness and Dilemma (Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad; No. 1) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Sun Cheng | Karaki Kiyoshi Corporate author: Shanghai Normal University Values education is an important part of primary and secondary education in Japan. It has two teaching approaches: curriculum teaching and practical teaching. After the Second World War, it has formed a political service orderliness which is unified with the national dominant ideology, a cultivating orderliness which is from the “Imperial People” to the “New Citizen”, a practical orderliness which is developing around the “Social Participation”. At present, Japan’s values education in primary and secondary schools mainly faces the dual dilemma of historical cognition and public value, especially in the aspect of historical cognition, which deserves our constant vigilance and attention. 
Cultivating Ecological Citizens: Education for Building Ecological Civilization (Research in Educational Development; No. 12) Year of publication: 2019 Author: Liu Xia Corporate author: Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences | Shanghai Higher Education Mankind is heading for a new era of ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization requires education to cultivate the ecological citizens of the times. This requires the traditional citizenship theory to accept the challenge of Eco-Citizenship theory, from dealing with the relationship between people and the state to the relationship between man and nature, from focusing only on the public sphere to the private sphere of citizen life, citizen exchanges also need to expand from the nation-state to the human community. Education needs to cultivate eco-citizens with ecological awareness, ecological thinking, ecological virtues, and ecological action with ecological literacy.