Recursos
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Toolbox in Education for Peace Año de publicación: 2013 Autor: Luz Marfa Chapela Autor corporativo: UNESCO Mexico The components of this box form a system in which each element has its own ends and all the elements, gathered and linked, seek the same shared goal: offer recreational materials that encourage introspective reflection, the best knowledge of the other and the environment, the collaborative study, the participation of different agents of the community in support of teachers, the use of mother tongues and the identification of resources, knowledge, talents and skills in local communities. This box is addressed in a special way to teachers and students of basic education, as well as to different agents of the civil society that support them. Its purpose is to favor the development of school communities that make the school a center of study, play, advice and work for all. Because the materials of the Toolbox can also be interesting to young people and adults of all ages. In this sense, the box invites the different agents of the communities to think and produce new playful-educational materials that collect and put into action some priority local contents, which, surely, will enrich the life and educational possibilities of school communities. Caja de Herramientas en Educación para la Paz Año de publicación: 2013 Autor: Luz Marfa Chapela Autor corporativo: UNESCO Mexico Los componentes de esta caja forman un sistema en el que cada elemento tiene sus propios fines y todos los elementos, reunidos y vinculados, buscan un mismo fin compartido: ofrecer materiales lúdicoeducativos que propicien la reflexión introspectiva, el mejor conocimiento del otro y del entorno, el estudio colaborativo, la participación de distintos agentes de la comunidad en apoyo a los maestros, el uso de las lenguas maternas y la identificación de recursos, saberes, talentos y habilidades en las comunidades locales. Esta caja se dirige de manera especial a maestros y estudiantes de educación básica, así como a distintos agentes de la sociedad civil que los apoyan. Tiene entre sus propósitos favorecer el desarrollo de comunidades escolares que hagan de la escuela un centro de estudio, juego, asesoría y trabajo para todos. Porque los materiales de la Caja de Herramientas también pueden resultar interesantes a jóvenes y adultos de todas las edades. En este sentido, la caja invita a los distintos agentes de las comunidades a pensar y producir nuevos materiales lúdico-educativos que recojan y pongan en acción algunos contenidos locales prioritarios, mismos que, seguramente, enriquecerán la vida y las posibilidades educativas de las comunidades escolares. 
Expert meeting on intercultural education, Paris, 20-22 March 2006; report Año de publicación: 2006 Autor corporativo: UNESCO This report will give for each panel a summary of the presentation, the ensuing debates and a synthesis. The discussions of the draft UNESCO Guidelines and of the database on Intercultural Education, including the results and next steps to be taken are also presented. In addition, the report provides a summary of the debate around the presentation of the UNESCO World Report on Cultural Diversity. Expert meeting on intercultural education, Paris, 20-22 March 2006; report Año de publicación: 2006 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Ce rapport donnera pour chaque panneau un résumé de la présentation, les débats qui ont suivi et une synthèse. Les discussions sur le projet de directives de l'UNESCO et de la base de données sur l'éducation interculturelle, y compris les résultats et les prochaines mesures à prendre sont également présentés. En outre, le rapport fournit un résumé du débat autour de la présentation du Rapport mondial de l'UNESCO sur la diversité culturelle. 상호 문화 간 교육에 관한 전문가 회의 보고서(2006년 3월 20~23일, 파리) Año de publicación: 2006 Autor corporativo: UNESCO 이 보고서는 각 패널을 위하여 프리젠테이션 요약, 연이은 토론과 그 종합적인 것들을 제공한다. 또한 유네스코 가이드라인 초안 및 상호문화 간 교육에 관한 데이터베이스에 대한 논의와 그 결과, 그리고 그 다음 단계를 제시한다. 아울러, 유네스코 세계문화 다양성 보고서(UNESCO World Report on Cultural Diversity) 프리젠테이션과 관련된 토론에 대한 요약본도 제공한다. 
Literacy in multilingual and multicultural contexts: effective approaches to adult learning and education Año de publicación: 2016 Autor: Ulrike Hanemann, Cassandra Scarpino All of the literacy programmes featured in this publication offer valuable experiences and lessons on how the challenges posed by linguistic and cultural diversity can be productively addressed by harnessing the potential of language and culture as enriching resources in the process of literacy teaching and learning. A major lesson that has emerged over the years is that the use of local languages as the medium of instruction enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process in developing literacy, numeracy and (second or more) language skills. However, mother tongue-based literacy not only facilitates the learning process, but is also an important symbol of identity, unity and self-determination. It is closely intertwined with culture and local values, wisdom, worldviews and tradition. A number of the featured programmes demonstrate that language and culture in education are highly political. Respect for all languages and cultures, and their equal treatment, can play a critical role in fostering national cohesion. In some cases, this is contributing to rebuilding peace in post-conflict communities. Literacy programmes that contribute to the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity should, also, be viewed as integral to sustainable development. 
The Clandestine Schools in Ecuador. Roots of Intercultural Indigenous Education Año de publicación: 2015 Autor: María Isabel González Terreros By the mid-twentieth century in Ecuador, indians implemented clandestine schools to teach their people. Those schools were persecuted and harassed by landowners, who did not see pertinent that indians were educated. This was a pioneering, innovative and different project. Pioneer because it is the first known project with these features in Ecuador; innovative because it was leaded by Indians who took their cultural background to school (such as the teaching of ancestral language and some knowledge about nature and territory); and different because it was a proposal contrary to the homogenizing and assimilationist education that the Nation-state was implementing in rural areas. That proposal was led by Dolores Cacuango, a Quechua Indian who was subject to the hacienda system (in which communities did farm work for the employer, in exchange for a piece of land to live in with their families). She, who suffered injustice and had no chance to go to school, insisted that children and young people should "learn letter" (that is, they should learn Castilian). Las Escuelas Clandestinas en Ecuador. Raíces de la Wducación Indígena Intercultural Año de publicación: 2015 Autor: María Isabel González Terreros A mediados del siglo xx en Ecuador los indígenas implementaron escuelas clandestinas para enseñar a los suyos, escuelas que fueron perseguidas y hostigadas por los hacendados que no veían pertinente que los indígenas se educaran. Se trató de un proyecto pionero, novedoso y diferente. Pionero porque es el primero que se conoce con estas características en el Ecuador; novedoso porque fue dirigido por indígenas que llevaron los saberes culturales a la escuela, como la enseñanza del idioma ancestral y algunos conocimientos sobre la naturaleza y el territorio; y diferente porque fue una propuesta contraria a la educación homogeneizante y asimilacionista que el Estado-nación implementaba en zonas rurales. Esta propuesta fue dirigida por Dolores Cacuango, una indígena kichwa que estuvo sometida al sistema de hacienda, en el que las comunidades realizaban trabajos agrícolas para el patrón a cambio de tener un pedazo de tierra y vivir con sus familias. Ella, que vivió la injusticia y no tuvo la posibilidad de ir a la escuela, se empeñó en que los niños y jóvenes “aprendieran letra”. 
Building Intercultural Citizenship through Education: A Human Rights Approach Año de publicación: 2008 Autor: Rodolfo Stavenhagen This article analyses the challenges posed by traditional ethnic and linguistic minorities in multicultural states and more specifically the problems faced by indigenous peoples and communities. Their educational and cultural needs and demands are increasingly being framed in the language of human rights, based on the expanding international legal and institutional human rights system. The United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, endorsed a rights-based approach to development, human rights education is a growing field in educational practice, respect for cultural diversity is now enshrined in international and domestic laws, and the right of every person to education and to culture has become a mainstay of international human rights principles to which a majority of the world's states has subscribed. 
Enhancing learning of children from diverse language backgrounds: mother tongue-based bilingual or multilingual education in the early years Año de publicación: 2011 Autor: Jessica Ball Autor corporativo: UNESCO This literature review discusses mother tongue based bilingual or multilingual education for children starting in early childhood. The report: (1) informs policy-makers of existing research and practices in mother-tongue instruction in early childhood and early primary school years; and (2) raises awareness of the value of maintaining the world’s languages and cultures by promoting and resourcing mother tongue-based education for young children. This analysis of current literature is framed within UNESCO’s mandate and strong commitment to quality education for all and to cultural and linguistic diversity in education (UNESCO, 2003a). This discussion is especially timely, given the slow and uneven progress (UNESCO, 2000) in meeting international targets for universal education articulated in the Education for All Goals 1 (ECCE), Goal 2 (Primary Education), and Goal 6 (Quality of Education) (World Declaration on Education for All, 1990).1 Impetus for the current report is provided by the UNESCO (2008a) ‘Global Monitoring Report on Education for All: Will we make it?’ The 2008 GMR report calls for unwavering political will to ensure that education from early childhood onwards is a priority of national governments, civil society and the private sector in order to ensure educational inclusion for the 72 million children out of school and to reduce the numbers of young learners who leave school without acquiring essential skills and knowledge. The report calls for increased investments in the provision of pre-primary education for children aged 3 and above, and for policy measures to provide care and education to children below age 3. UNESCO (2007a) emphasizes the role of early childhood care and development in laying the foundation for learning and setting the stage for successful engagement in formal education. UNESCO has encouraged mother tongue instruction in early childhood and primary education since 1953 (UNESCO, 1953). Yet, monolingualism in official or dominant languages is still the norm around the world (Arnold, Bartlett, Gowani, & Merali, 2006; Wolff & Ekkehard, 2000). In its report, ‘Strong Foundations: Early Childhood Care and Education’, UNESCO (2007a) points out the overlooked advantages of multilingual education in the early years. When children are offered opportunities to learn in their mother tongue, they are more likely to enrol and succeed in school (Kosonen, 2005) and their parents are more likely to communicate with teachers and participate in their children’s learning (Benson, 2002). Mother tongue based education especially benefits disadvantaged groups, including children from rural communities (Hovens, 2002), and girls, who tend to have less exposure to an official language and tend to stay in school longer, achieve better, and repeat grades less oft en when they are taught in their mother tongue (UNESCO Bangkok, 2005).