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Countering Holocaust Denial and Distortion through Education: A Guide for Teachers Año de publicación: 2025 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Antisemitic hate speech, disinformation, and conspiracy theories thrive during crises, making it vital for teachers to address these issues in school curricula. Social media has significantly amplified the spread of such harmful content, including Holocaust denial and distortion. These falsehoods, rooted in antisemitic prejudice and conspiratorial thinking, threaten our shared historical memory and promote hatred. To effectively combat these issues, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the Holocaust —how and why the genocide of the Jewish people occurred. This knowledge helps us recognize the causes and risk factors, contributing to the prevention of future atrocity crimes and the fight against antisemitism. In the digital age, it is also imperative to be able to decipher the manipulation of history, and the misrepresentation of the past.The guide provides teachers with the necessary tools and guidance to prevent the spread of Holocaust denial and distortion. It equips teachers with knowledge, teaching principles, and strategies to foster digital literacy, historical understanding, and critical thinking in learners. Aimed primarily at history and social sciences teachers, it outlines key concepts, teaching methods, and approaches to counter Holocaust denial and distortion. 
Countering Holocaust Denial and Distortion through Education: Lesson Activities for Secondary Education Año de publicación: 2025 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Adaptable lessons to foster critical thinking, empathy and tolerance Holocaust denial rejects historical facts outright, while distortion manipulates the narrative. Both phenomena undermine historical truth, fuel antisemitism, and attack democratic values. By addressing these issues, this set of lesson activities for secondary education seeks to build students’ resilience against falsehoods through fostering critical thinking, empathy, and global citizenship. It was developed by UNESCO and funded by the European Commission to equip educators with tools to confront the dangerous spread of Holocaust denial and distortion. With 12 engaging lessons, students aged 14 to 18 will explore the historical facts of the Holocaust while learning to critically evaluate misinformation in today’s digital world. From analyzing survivor testimonies to deconstructing harmful memes and conspiracy theories, this resource features 12 adaptable lessons that focus on historical literacy, media analysis, and social-emotional competencies. Topics range from identifying denial and distortion, evaluating media and online sources, analyzing primary evidence like survivor testimonies, and understanding the misuse of Holocaust history in memes and conspiracy theories. Activities are scaffolded with questions, examples, and practical exercises to encourage analytical skills and promote meaningful classroom discussions. The lessons also include suggestions for incorporating primary sources, visiting memorial sites, and addressing broader issues of genocide and hate. In doing so, the guide aims to not only preserve Holocaust memory but also strengthen the values of truth, empathy, and tolerance in younger generations. 
Disinfodemic: Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation (Policy Brief; 1) Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: Julie Posetti | Kalina Bontcheva Autor corporativo: UNESCO The purpose of this brief is to provide a structure for understanding the COVID-19 disinfodemic and the responses to it, highlighting practices which have a bearing on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the right to health and the right to freedom of expression. SDG 16.10 calls for “public access to information and fundamental freedoms”. Desinfodemia: Descifrando la desinformación sobre el COVID-19 (Policy Brief; 1) Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: Julie Posetti | Kalina Bontcheva Autor corporativo: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) El propósito de este resumen es presentar una estructura para comprender la ‘desinfodemia’ del COVID-19 y las respuestas respectivas, resaltando las prácticas pertinentes a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU, al derecho a la salud y al derecho a la libertad de expresión. EL ODS16.10 subraya la necesidad de “acceso público a la información y libertades fundamentales”. Désinfodémie: Déchiffrer la désinformation sur le COVID-19 (Note d’orientation; 1) Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: Julie Posetti | Kalina Bontcheva Autor corporativo: Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) Le but de cette note d’orientation est de présenter une structure pour comprendre la désinfodémie sur le COVID-19 et les réponses possibles, en mettant en évidence les pratiques liées aux Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) des Nations Unies, le droit à la santé et le droit à la liberté d’expression. L’ODD 16.10 appelle à « un accès public à l’information et aux libertés fondamentales ». 
Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: Ilda Londo Autor corporativo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) | Peace Institute | Albanian Media Institute The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation and also to identify ways of countering these narratives. The research focuses mainly on online media, as they are identified as the main carriers of disinformation and hate speech, with a few exceptions, but traditional media are also present.This publication was produced within project Resilience: Civil Society for Media Free of Hate and Disinformation,run by South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM).Reasearch is available in English and Albanian. 
Information Neighbourhoods Año de publicación: 2020 Autor corporativo: Shout Out UK | U.S. Embassy London | Association for Citizenship Teaching (ACT) We live in a world where information has a variety of purposes. So how can you identify what each type of information is trying to do? Now more than ever, media literacy (the ability to critically analyse information) is critical for us as citizens and for our democracy to function. This video explains what Information neighbourhoods exist and how to identify them. 
Elections and Media in Digital Times (In Focus Series: Global Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development, 2019) Año de publicación: 2019 Autor: Tarlach McGonagle | Maciek Bednarski | Mariana Francese Coutinho | Arthur Zimin Autor corporativo: UNESCO Digital companies are enabling politicians, political parties and voters to communicate in unprecedented ways, and expanding opportunities for seeking, receiving and imparting political information and ideas. Alongside positive developments, there also growing concerns about emerging and increasing threats to the integrity and credibility of elections, as well as the media's contribution to free, fair, transparent and peaceful electoral processes.This report highlights three converging trends in media and elections in digital times: the rise of disinformation, intensifying attacks on journalists, and disruptions linked to the use of information and communication technology in electoral arrangements. Offering possible responses to the challenges at hand, this study is a tool for governments, election practitioners, media organizations, journalists, civil society, the private sector, academia and individuals. Выборы и СМИ в цифровую эпоху (Серия в фокусе: Мировые тенденции в области свободы выражения мнений и развития СМИ) Año de publicación: 2019 Autor: Tarlach McGonagle | Maciek Bednarski | Mariana Francese Coutinho | Arthur Zimin Autor corporativo: Организация Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры (UNESCO) ИТ компании дают возможность политикам, политическим партиям и избирателям общаться беспрецедентными способами, расширяют возможности для поиска, получения и распространения политической информации и идей. Наряду с позитивными сторонами растет озабоченность по поводу вырисовывающихся и усиливающихся угроз целостности и авторитету выборов, а также вкладу средств массовой информации в свободные, справедливые, транспарентные и мирные избирательные процессы.В настоящем докладе освещаются три сходящиеся тенденции, связанные со СМИ и выборами в цифровую эпоху: рост дезинформации, усиление нападений на журналистов и перебои в предоставлении информационно-коммуникационных технологий в период выборов. Это исследование, предлагая возможные ответы на стоящие перед нами проблемы, является своего рода инструментом для правительств, специалистов по проведению выборов, организаций средств массовой информации, журналистов, гражданского общества, частного сектора, научных кругов и отдельных лиц. 
Explained: What is False Information? Año de publicación: 2020 With so much information at our fingertips it can be easy to come across something online that isn’t quite as accurate or reliable as it should be. This kind of information is often called Fake News but a better description might be false information because it affects more than news stories. This animation, explaining false information, supports the education resource Connected - an introduction to digital media literacy.