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COVID-19 Learning Losses: Rebuilding Quality Learning for All in the Middle East and North Africa Año de publicación: 2021 Autor: Hana Yoshimoto | Jeannette Vogelaar | Brenda Haiplik Autor corporativo: UNESCO | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | World Bank An entire generation of children in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is estimated to be affected by the education crisis determined by the COVID-19 pandemic, with potential impacts that are going beyond the immediate/short term and also well beyond the education domain itself, with consequences on children’s socialisation, mental well-being, and future perspective of being active members of their society, including in the labor market. More information on the impact of the crisis would help countries to put in place strategies to mitigate the impacts. Timely investment and action to prevent extreme impacts of this crisis on education are of paramount importance in MENA, which already tackling a learning crisis before the COVID-19 outbreak.This publication delineates the overall education status in MENA after the breakout of COVID-19 pandemic, by presenting the education responses in MENA, and assessing the potential learning loss through a simulation analysis, recommendations are provided on how to build back better and enhance access and quality learning for all. 
Guidelines for ICT in education policies and masterplans Año de publicación: 2022 Autor: Fengchun Miao | Juan Enrique Hinostroza | Molly Lee | Shafika Isaacs | Dominic Orr | Fabio Senne | Ana-Laura Martinez | Ki-Sang Song | Alexander Uvarov | Wayne Holmes | Benjamin Vergel de Dios Autor corporativo: UNESCO Countries across the world have been leveraging information and communication technologies (ICTs) to advance education for decades. These initiatives are driven by public institutions and involve commercial technology companies, and have resulted in paradoxes such as increasing digital inequalities and uneven access to high-quality digital learning opportunities. The COVID-19 crisis further exacerbated this trend: At least one third of students globally did not have access to distance learning during the peak of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020.The publication aims to guide policy-makers to ensure that when adopting technology, human rights should be defended; inclusion, equity and gender equality should be at the heart of solutions; and innovations should be considered as a common good. Based on these principles, the publication presents a human-centred view on the potentials of technologies ranging from low-bandwidth technologies to emerging technologies including Artificial Intelligence and Web 3.0 or “metaverse”. It advocates for national policies to protect the digital well-being of teachers and students, to reduce and neutralize the digital emission footprint, and to avoid ‘techno-solutionism’.This publication proposes policy planning frameworks and an iterative roadmap to examine the digital readiness of local education systems, assess needs of learners and teachers, and plan well-resourced national ICT in education programmes. This is followed by a deep dive into examples of national masterplans on the use of ICT in different types of education. 
Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models Año de publicación: 2024 Autor: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky Autor corporativo: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally. 
Global Toolkit on AI and the Rule of Law for the Judiciary Año de publicación: 2023 Autor: Miriam Stankovich | Ivana Feldfeber | Yasmín Quiroga | Marianela Ciolfi Felice | Vukosi Marivate Autor corporativo: UNESCO What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How does it work? And more importantly, how does it find its way into the judicial context? Technologies such as AI have been around for decades, but only recently have they begun to be used in a variety of justice and law enforcement settings. While AI has immense potential for the justice system, helping judges make better decisions, improving efficiency, increasing access, and helping to detect and prevent crime, there are also some important issues that justice stakeholders should consider as they prepare for a future in which AI is increasingly used in justice systems.In 2022, UNESCO launched two needs assessments. First, through UNESCO’s Artificial Intelligence Needs Assessment Survey in Africa, 90% of the 32 countries surveyed requested capacity building support for the Judiciary on AI. At the same time, a second global survey of judicial actors in 100 countries underlined the need for better understanding the use of AI in the administration of justice and its wider legal implications on societies.The “Global Toolkit on AI and the Rule of Law” for the Judiciary responds to these needs and provides judicial actors (judges, prosecutors, state attorneys, public lawyers, law universities and judicial training institutions) with the knowledge and tools necessary to understand the benefits and risks of AI in their work. The toolkit will assist judicial actors in mitigating the potential human rights risks of AI by providing guidance on the relevant international human rights laws, principles, rules and emerging jurisprudence that underpin the ethical use of AI. 
평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고: 해설서 Año de publicación: 2024 Autor corporativo: 유네스코 '평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고'를 소개하고 교육에 관심이 있는 이해관계자들 대상으로 권고의 내용과 활용을 담은 해설서. 
Рекомендация об образовании в духе мира, прав человека и устойчивого развития. Пояснительная записка Año de publicación: 2024 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Данная брошюра знакомит с обновленной Рекомендацией и кратко разъясняет, каким образом сформулированные в ней руководящие принципы могут быть применены на практике и в повседневной жизни различными субъектами деятельности в сфере образования. 
Revision Process of the 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Compilation of Member State Comments Año de publicación: 2023 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Adopted in 1974, the Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms is considered a landmark legal instrument that brings together for the first time peace, international understanding, human rights, fundamental freedoms and education. As per Circular letter 4401, the preliminary report and the first draft of the revised 1974 Recommendation were transmitted to Member States for their written comments and observations. These written comments were taken into consideration by the Director-General when preparing the revised second draft of the Recommendation to be discussed at the Intergovernmental Special Committee Meeting (Category II), in view of its submission to the 42nd session of the General Conference in November 2023 and eventual adoption. 
UNESCO Futures of Education Report Explained by Members of the International Commission Año de publicación: 2022 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Initiated by UNESCO, the International Commission on the Futures of Education has prepared a new report on how education can best shape the future of humanity and the planet. In this video, members of the Commission and its chair explain the main recommendations and defining features of their report, Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. The report is part of UNESCO’s Futures of Education initiative which aims to rethink education and shape the future. The initiative is catalyzing a global debate on how knowledge, education and learning need to be reimagined in a world of increasing complexity, uncertainty, and precarity. 
The Impact of Climate Displacement on the Right to Education Año de publicación: 2020 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education. Los efectos del desplazamiento climático sobre el derecho a la educación Año de publicación: 2020 Autor corporativo: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education.