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Early Childhood Development and Early Learning for Children in Crisis and Conflict Año de publicación: 2018 Autor: Kolleen Bouchane Autor corporativo: Global Education Monitoring Report Team There is an urgent need for a comprehensive response, including early learning and family support programs, to the rapidly growing population of young children worldwide living in crisis and conflict. Substantial evidence from neuroscience to economics indicates that the early years of a child’s life lay the foundation for long-term health, learning and behavior. The first months and years are not only a critical period in an individual child’s lifelong capacity for learning, but weak learning foundations of children can compromise the long-term development of nations. Yet a review of Refugee and Humanitarian Response Plans conducted for this paper revealed that only 9 percent of plans included the essential elements of early learning. Relative to health and nutrition programming, early education and parenting interventions were more likely to be omitted from the Response Plans.The rationale for focusing new attention on the educational needs of young children living in fragile conditions is strong: there is a broad body of scientific evidence; the international legal framework of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child asserts that all children have the right to health, education, legal registration, and protection from violence and separation from parents, beginning at birth; and the Sustainable Development Goals for all will be not reached without a focus on the earliest years of life in crisis and conflict situations. This background paper presents the case for increased attention and investment in early childhood in conflict and crisis contexts, with focused attention on early learning and family support. The scale of the problem, current science and evidence, current global standards and principles, and case studies are all discussed and priority recommendations are offered. 
Setting Commitments: National SDG 4 Benchmarks to Transform Education Año de publicación: 2022 Autor corporativo: Global Education Monitoring Report Team | UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) This publication provides an overview of the transformative agenda being established by countries, as they set SDG 4 benchmarks for education progress to take ownership of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Inspired by the UN Secretary-General’s 2014 call for countries to embrace ‘a culture of shared responsibility’ based on ‘benchmarking for progress’, paragraph 28 of the Education 2030 Framework for Action also called on countries to establish ‘appropriate intermediate benchmarks for addressing the accountability deficit associated with longer-term targets’. This report outlines the steps taken by countries to set these commitments for 2025 and 2030 against seven indicators and is timed to feed into the second review of SDG 4 at the High-level Political Forum.The SDG 4 benchmark values now defined for almost nine in ten countries lay out their nationally determined contributions to the common education goal, using a concept embraced by the climate change sector. Twelve countries’ experiences of approaching the challenge of setting benchmarks based on their education sector plans are included, serving as inspiration for other countries to reflect on their own contributions and the task of developing appropriate policy responses in line with their own ambitions for the next decade, especially in the context of recovery from COVID-19.This publication proposes a way forward for monitoring progress towards the national SDG 4 benchmarks. This way of monitoring will be context-specific, recognizing countries’ starting points, helping link their national with regional and global education agendas.The benchmarks could be a basis for a compact in which countries commit to increasing their ambition, and, in return, the international community offers a program of support. In other words, a system of political accountability associated to political commitments with a support mechanism to accomplish the task. 
What Kind of Power Does Technology Have on the Development of Education: On the Development Principle of Technical Force in the Process of Educational Modernization (Modern Education Review; No.3, 2022) Año de publicación: 2022 Autor: 余清臣 In the process of continuously promoting the comprehensive modernization of education, the issue of what influence technology has on the development of education has caused many debates and disputes. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply explore the connotation of technology and the possible influence of technology on the development of education. Up to now, technology has been a concept with multiple connotations, which can be divided into two levels:core essence and peripheral influence. At present, the influence of technology with multiple connotations on educational development is manifested in three aspects:technology enriches and upgrades educational means, promotes and changes the action efficiency and life form of educational subjects, and influences and changes the way the educational world is organized. In the process of comprehensively promoting the modernization of education, the planning and application of technological forces in education should focus on promoting the all-round development of mankind in the world, not on defeating or replacing other forces, and pursue the organic combination with other forces. In addition, continuous introspection, feedback and correction are also very important. 技术对教育发展具有什么样的力量: 兼论教育现代化进程中的技术力量发展原则 (现代教育论丛; No.3, 2022) Año de publicación: 2022 Autor: 余清臣 在持续推进教育全面现代化的进程中,关于技术对教育发展拥有什么样影响力的问题已引发不少争议和分歧,因而有必要深入探索技术内涵以及技术对教育发展的可能影响力。不断发展至今,技术已是一个具有多重内涵的概念,可以分为内核实质与外围影响两个层次。具有多重内涵的技术对教育发展的影响力量在当前表现为三个方面:技术丰富和升级着教育手段,技术提升和改变着教育主体的行动效能和生命形态,技术影响和转变着教育世界的组织方式。在全面推进教育现代化的过程中,对技术力量的筹划和使用需要坚持四个主要原则:要以推动世界之中的人类全面发展为中心,不以战胜或取代其他力量为重要目的,要追求与其他力量有机结合,需要进行持续的自省、反馈与校正。 
Learning Outcomes of Fifth and Sixth Graders in a Computer Course Using a Virtual Reality Website for Learning (Educational Journal ; Vol.48, No.1) Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: 曹永庆 | 林佳禾 In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) in games and teaching has become increasingly popular. The boundless nature of the Web and the uniqueness of multimedia in VR greatly enhance peer interaction as well as the interaction between learners and virtual objects on Webpages.Elementary schoolchildren’s habits of using Webpages depends upon the navigation interface design of the Webpages. Therefore, understanding the effectiveness of schoolchildren’s visual interaction with Webpages will help implement VR into Websites for schoolchildren.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the learning outcomes of 60 Taiwanese fifth and sixth graders in a computer course using VR Webpages. The experiment involved students learning through the tasks set on the VR Web platform “CoSpaces EDU.” The differences in their learning outcomes on the “5C key competencies” (i.e., communication and coordination skills, teamwork capabilities, problem-solving skills, independent thinking capabilities, and creativity) before and after the experiment were compared.Based on the results of expert assessment and students’ self-evaluation, paired-samples t test was conducted to compare the learning outcomes before and after implementing the VR teaching. Results show that the fifth and sixth graders were found to exhibit excellent 5C competencies after the experiment. 台湾国小高年级学童利用虚拟实境网页学习资讯课程之学习成效 (教育学报; Vol.48, No.1) Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: 曹永庆 | 林佳禾 近年日益兴起在游戏和教学上运用「虚拟实境」（virtual reality, vr）。在虚拟实境中，基于网路无界限和多媒体的特殊性，大大增强了网页中同侪间和学习者与虚拟物件的互动。 国小学童会因为网页的导览介面设计而影响对网页的使用习惯，因此了解学童在网页视觉互动成效的情况，将有助于把虚拟实境建构在儿童网页的视觉互动上。本实验针对台湾60位高年级学童，探讨他们在利用虚拟实境网页的资讯课程中的学习成效。实验要求学生于cospaces edu虚拟实境网页平台所设定学习任务中学习，并比较实验前、后学生在「沟通协调能力」、「团队合作能力」、「问题解决能力」、「独立思辨能力」和「创造力」等「5c关键能力」中的学习成效差异。本实验由专家评监结果和学生自评结果，进行成对样本t检定，比较虚拟实境教学前、后的学习成效。结果显示，进行学习任务课程后，高年级学生在「5c关键能力」上均达到良好的学习成效。 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2023, Southeast Asia: Technology in Education; A Tool on Whose Terms? Año de publicación: 2023 Autor corporativo: Global Education Monitoring Report Team | Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) Developed in partnership with the Southeast Asia Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO), and with the contribution of EdTech Hub, the fifth regional report focuses on technology in education in Southeast Asia. Characterized by a variety of contexts and resources, Southeast Asia has experienced a rapid growth in digital technology applications. In education, digital technologies have been identified for their potential to transform education and meet the region’s development aspirations. The regional report investigates both challenges and potentials, which technology as a tool and as a process can potentially contribute to, across and within countries, and education levels. The regional report on Southeast Asia covers 11 countries, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Extensive background research informs the regional analysis: 9 country case-studies compiled by local research teams and independent experts; 5 thematic studies produced by SEAMEO centers on open and distance learning, technology for students with disabilities, integration of technology in teaching practices, key policies issues in ICT in education; technology in technical and vocational education and training, and 3 research inputs on ICT in education practices produced by SEAMEO affiliate members and partners. 
教育技术观念的变迁和发展 Año de publicación: 2020 Autor: 王婉婉 随着西方科学技术在教学中的应用，教育技术观念经过时间的流逝在不断发展和充实。现在教育技术的内涵和概念界定已经基本明确，它在教学理论上不断深入和发展，在技术实践上不断取得突破，对教育技术观念起着引领性作用。国内外都是先有教育技术的产生，随后开始研究教育技术，所以后来才有了教育技术观念的变迁和发展。欧美国家的教育技术的发展较国内相比是比较快的，在教育技术观念的变迁中，国内在借鉴欧美国家的理论和技术的基础上也取得了长足的发展。21世纪以来，信息技术更是潜移默化的渗透到教育教学当中，让教师教学和学生学习都更加方便快捷，这都使得人们对教育技术改观并且重视教育技术的发展，这些都影响着教育技术观念的变迁和发展。 
新技术背景下传统经济学课程课程改革探索: 以财政学线上教学为例 Año de publicación: 2023 Autor: 陈婷秀 随着计算机技术、移动便携设备、大数据、云计算、人工智能等现代信息技术和设备的高速发展，信息化、便捷化、智能化进程不断推进，高等教育的信息化也在不断深化，朝着更加便捷、更加高效的方向发展，教学模式正在发生巨大、深刻的变革。本文立足新技术背景条件下，掌握了解传统经济学课程改革的需求，探讨传统经济学课程改革的思路，拓展教学模式新的途径方法。结合课程改革实践经验和特点，对照传统教学模式，从教学模式、教学内容、课堂形式、课程考核规划等方面提出了课程改革的具体举措。 
关于新媒体技术在幼儿园综合活动中的应用 Año de publicación: 2022 Autor: 曹思圆 随着互联网的深入和普及，信息化技术的发展领域也开始不断的扩大，已经逐渐发展为课堂中最受欢迎的教学模式之一，为教育教学的发展迎来了一个新的开端。幼儿时期具有极高的可塑性，他们对整个世界充满了好奇，遇到问题总爱问个为什么，在这个时期如果加以正确的引导，就会使他们的创新精神得到培养，创造力得到发挥。而新媒体技术的采用对培养孩子们的创新精神有着积极的作用。新媒体技术具有集图像、声音、动画、文字于一体的多种信息功能，向幼儿提供多种刺激，以生动直观、形象逼真的方式向幼儿呈现知识，能引起幼儿的注意力，引发幼儿的好奇心，激发幼儿的学习兴趣，使幼儿处于惊奇、探索的学习氛围中，既可激活幼儿的思维，又有利于发挥幼儿的创造力和想象力。