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Education for sustainable development and climate change 발행 연도: 2009 단체 저자: UNESCO The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its 2007 report, stated unequivocally that humans are contributing to climate change. People’s actions are intensifying the climate’s natural variability, and the Earth’s temperature is rising. Scientists make a distinction between climate variability (where climatic variations are attributable to natural causes) and climate change (where human activities are altering the atmospheric composition). Human induced (or anthropogenic) climate change is caused by increased production of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide, the main contributor, is produced primarily by the burning of fossil fuels — oil, gas and coal. Although methane occurs in smaller quantities than CO2, it has higher warming effects. Increased methane production is linked to increased levels of livestock farming for meat production. Warming of permafrost areas in Siberia and Canada may also contribute significantly to an increase of methane emissions, since permafrost lakes store methane gases. Increases in greenhouse gas production are directly linked to the post-1750 period of industrialisation in Western countries. These gases now far exceed the natural rate of greenhouse gas production as measured in pre-industrial era ice cores spanning many thousands of years. The IPCC projects that global average temperatures are likely to rise by 1.8 - 4 degrees Celsius by 2100. This might sound small, but the difference between today’s temperatures and the last Ice Age is around 4-5%. A small temperature rise is likely to have a substantial impact. It may also take many years for the real impact of current rises in temperature to show. Even if people substantially reduced CO2 emissions tomorrow, the atmosphere would go on warming for a long time to come. Changes in temperature will impact on the whole of the Earth’s system, and on human activities everywhere. Projected impacts include warming of the oceans, melting of the icecaps, sea level rise, unpredictable weather patterns, increased flooding and droughts, loss of biodiversity, changes in agricultural productivity, increased health risks, massive human migration and economic decline. Scientists are worried that change will be faster than expected due to ‘positive feedback’, which is a process where the warming fuels itself, causing accelerated temperature increase. The acceleration of climate change needs to be reduced urgently, and everyone everywhere needs to be involved. Education pour le développement durable et le changement climatique 발행 연도: 2009 단체 저자: UNESCO Le Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), dans son rapport de 2007, a déclaré sans équivoque que les humains contribuent au changement climatique. Les actions des gens intensifient la variabilité naturelle du climat, et la température de la Terre augmente. Les scientifiques font une distinction entre la variabilité du climat (où les variations climatiques sont attribuables à des causes naturelles) et le changement climatique (où les activités humaines modifient la composition de l'atmosphère). Human induite (ou anthropique) le changement climatique est causé par une production accrue de gaz à effet de serre, dont le dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le méthane et l'oxyde nitreux. Le dioxyde de carbone, le principal contributeur, est produit principalement par la combustion de combustibles fossiles - pétrole, gaz et charbon. Bien que le méthane se produit en plus petites quantités que le CO2, il a des effets de réchauffement plus élevés. Augmentation de la production de méthane est liée à l'augmentation des niveaux de l'élevage pour la production de viande. Le réchauffement des zones de pergélisol en Sibérie et au Canada peut également contribuer de manière significative à une augmentation des émissions de méthane, car les gaz lacs du pergélisol magasin de méthane. L'augmentation de la production de gaz à effet de serre sont directement liés à la période post-1750 de l'industrialisation dans les pays occidentaux. Ces gaz dépassent aujourd'hui de loin le taux naturel de la production de gaz à effet de serre, tel que mesuré dans les carottes de glace de l'ère pré-industrielle couvrant plusieurs milliers d'années. Les projets du GIEC que les températures moyennes mondiales sont susceptibles d'augmenter de 1,8 à 4 degrés Celsius d'ici 2100. Cela peut paraître faible, mais la différence entre les températures d'aujourd'hui et la dernière période glaciaire est d'environ 4-5%. Une petite augmentation de la température est susceptible d'avoir un impact important. Il peut également prendre de nombreuses années pour l'impact réel de courant augmente la température à montrer. Même si les gens les émissions de CO2 demain considérablement réduit, l'atmosphère irait réchauffer pendant une longue période à venir. Les changements de température auront un impact sur l'ensemble du système de la Terre, et sur les activités humaines partout. Les impacts projetés comprennent le réchauffement des océans, la fonte des calottes glaciaires, l'élévation du niveau de la mer, des conditions météorologiques imprévisibles, l'augmentation des inondations et des sécheresses, la perte de la biodiversité, les changements dans la productivité agricole, l'augmentation des risques pour la santé, la migration humaine massive et le déclin économique. Les scientifiques craignent que le changement sera plus rapide que prévu en raison de «Rétroaction Positive», qui est un processus où les réchauffement se carburants, provoquant accéléré augmentation de la température. L'accélération du changement climatique doit être réduite de toute urgence, et tout le monde partout doit être impliqué. 
Educación y diversidad cultural: lecciones desde la práctica innovadora en América Latina 발행 연도: 2008 저자: Carolina Hirmas R. 단체 저자: UNESCO Santiago Esta publicación, que constituye el segundo volumen de la colección, es el resultado del análisis y la reflexión acerca de un conjunto experiencias educativas innovadoras de varios países de Latinoamérica, que responden con pertinencia pedagógica al contexto cultural de los estudiantes y ofrecen una educación orientada al conocimiento, comprensión y diálogo entre personas de diferentes culturas. El aporte significativo de las experiencias referidas, reside en el reconocimiento y valoración de la diversidad étnica y cultural de sus estudiantes y comunidades, como punto de partida para el desarrollo de nuevos aprendizajes y afirmación de su identidad. A su vez, la vida en los centros educativos promueve relaciones interculturales de respeto y fraternidad en un contexto sociogeográfico local y subregional, caracterizado por la multiculturalidad. 
The Teacher as a Promoter of the Pedagogy of Coexistence for Education for Peace 발행 연도: 2014 저자: María Elena López Serrano | Rosa María Medrano Domínguez | Patricia Villar López 단체 저자: Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez Recognizing the diversity in the aulic space allows to create spaces of harmonious coexistence that promote and accept interculturality, for this the teacher becomes the nodal axis to propitiate the conditions that allow the students to recognize themselves as equal beings capable of developing their capacities to the maximum academic and personal. To achieve this goal it is essential that the teacher recognizes himself and others, in such a way that generates spaces in which students identify as social beings able to interact with their peers, the educational community and their environment. What has been described here supports the proposal of the pedagogy of coexistence in the aulic space as a promoter of education for peace that contributes to the reduction of the violence experienced in society. The proposal is based on a documentary research on the pedagogy of coexistence linked to diversity and interculturality to promote education for peace. The proposal recognizes the teacher as the axis that drives education for peace through fostering harmonious environments in the classroom. It is not possible to speak of harmonic coexistence without considering the teacher's awareness of his role as a social educator, which promotes through Pedagogy of Coexistence an intercultural education that attends to diversity and that favors education for peace and contributes to the decrease of cultural violence. El docente como promotor de la pedagogía de la convivencia para la educación por la paz 발행 연도: 2014 저자: María Elena López Serrano | Rosa María Medrano Domínguez | Patricia Villar López 단체 저자: Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez Reconocer la diversidad en el espacio áulico permite propiciar espacios de convivencia armónica que promuevan y acepten la interculturalidad, por ello el docente se convierte en el eje nodal para propiciar las condiciones que permitan a los estudiantes reconocerse como seres iguales capaces de desarrollar al máximo sus capacidades académicas y personales. Para conseguir este objetivo es fundamental que el docente se reconozca en sí mismo y en los demás, de tal forma que genere espacios en el que los alumnos se identifiquen como seres sociales capaces de interactuar con sus pares, con la comunidad educativa y su entorno. Lo hasta aquí descrito sustenta la propuesta de la pedagogía de la convivencia en el espacio áulico como promotor de la educación para la paz que contribuya a la disminución de la violencia que se vivencia en la sociedad. La propuesta se sustenta en una investigación documental respecto a la pedagogía de la convivencia vinculada con la diversidad e interculturalidad para promover la educación por la paz.La propuesta reconoce al docente como el eje que impulsa la educación por la paz a través de propiciar ambientes armónicos en el aula. No es posible hablar de Convivencia armónica sin considerar la conciencia del docente respecto a su rol como educador social, que promueve a través de la Pedagogía de la Convivencia una educación intercultural que atienda a la diversidad y que favorezca la educación para la paz y contribuya a la disminución de la violencia cultural. 
UNESCO education strategy 2014-2021 발행 연도: 2014 단체 저자: UNESCO This publication is a result of extensive collective work by my colleagues in UNESCO’s Education Sector over the past two years. It elaborates on UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (2014–2021), which was drafted by the Organization’s Secretariat and approved by the 37th session of its General Conference in November 2013. This publication elaborates on the education component of the Medium-Term Strategy. While continuing to focus efforts on the ‘unfinished business’ of EFA, such as literacy, teachers and vocational skills development, UNESCO will lead and advocate for strengthened action towards empowering learners to be creative and responsible citizens. In a world of change, when individuals are increasingly called upon to make a positive contribution to their communities through the promotion of peace, solidarity, and respect for others and the environment, I am convinced that Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship Education must also be considered crucial elements for well-rounded educational systems. UNESCO education strategy 2014-2021 발행 연도: 2014 단체 저자: UNESCO Cette publication est le résultat d'une vaste travail collectif par mes collègues dans le secteur de l'éducation de l'UNESCO au cours des deux dernières années. Il élabore sur la stratégie à moyen terme de l'UNESCO (2014-2021), qui a été élaboré par le Secrétariat de l'Organisation et approuvé par la 37e session de la Conférence Générale en Novembre 2013. Cette publication développe sur le volet éducation de la Stratégie à Moyen Terme. Tout en continuant à concentrer les efforts sur le «travail inachevé» de l'EPT, tels que l'alphabétisation, les enseignements et le développement des compétences professionnelles, l'UNESCO dirigera et plaider pour une action renforcée vers l'autonomisation des apprenants à être des citoyens créatifs et responsables. Dans un monde de changement, lorsque les individus sont de plus en plus appelés à apporter une contribution positive à leurs communautés par la promotion de la paix, la solidarité et le respect des autres et de l'environnement, je suis convaincu que l'Éducation pour le Développement Durable et de l'Éducation à la Citoyenneté Mondiale doivent aussi être considérés comme des éléments cruciaux pour les systèmes éducatifs bien arrondis. 
Intercultural dialogue: involving young people around the world 발행 연도: 2010 저자: Elizabeth Khawajkie 단체 저자: UNESCO | DAIMLER It is hoped that this review will help to highlight why there is a persistent call for the continuation of such endeavors, like Mondialogo, which promoted dialogue among cultures and people, mutual respect and understanding so effectively. The Mondialogo journey, begun as an exploratory exercise, ended with compelling and often moving experiences. Le dialogue interculturel: la participation des jeunes à travers le monde 발행 연도: 2010 저자: Elizabeth Khawajkie 단체 저자: UNESCO | DAIMLER Il est à espérer que cet examen permettra de mettre en évidence la raison pour laquelle il y a un appel persistant pour la poursuite de ces efforts, comme Mondialogo, qui a favorisé de manière efficace le dialogue entre les cultures et les peuples, le respect mutuel et la compréhension. Le voyage Mondialogo, commencé comme un exercice exploratoire, a pris fin avec des expériences convaincantes et souvent en mouvement. Наше творч разно: Доклад Всемирной комиссии по культуре и развитию; сокращенный вариант 발행 연도: 1996 단체 저자: World Commission on Culture and Development This report is designed to address a diversified audience across the world that ranges from community activists, field workers, artists and scholars to government officials and politicians. We want it to inform the world’s opinion leaders and to guide its policy-makers. We want it to capture the attention of the world’s intellectual and artistic communities, as well as the general public. We aim to have shown them how culture shapes all our thinking, imagining and behaviour. It is the transmission of behaviour as well as a dynamic source for change, creativity, freedom and the awakening of innovative opportunities. For groups and societies, culture is energy, inspiration and empowerment, as well as the knowledge and acknowledgment of diversity: if cultural diversity is ‘behind us, around us and before us”, as Claude L&i-Strauss put it, we must learn how to let it lead not to the clash of cultures, but to their fruitful coexistence and to intercultural harmony. Just as in the tasks of building peace and consolidating democratic values, an indivisible set of goals, so too economic and political rights cannot be realized separately from social and cultural rights. The challenge to humanity is to adopt new ways of thinking, new ways of acting, new ways of organizing itself in society, in short, new ways of living. The challenge is also to promote different paths of development, informed by a recognition of how cultural factors shape the way in which societies conceive their own futures and choose the means to attain these futures. I have for some time been concerned with the “culture of peace”. There is now considerable evidence that neglect of human development has been one of the principal causes of wars and internal armed conflicts, and that these, in turn, retard human development. With government complicity and with the intention of raising export receipts, private businesses continue to sell advanced military technology, nuclear materials and equipment for the production of bacteriological and chemical warfare. The concept of state sovereignty which still prevails today has increasingly come under scrutiny. In the area of peace-keeping, the distinction between external aggression and internal oppression is often unrealistic. The predominant threat to stability are violent conflicts within countries and not between them. There is an urgent need to strengthen international human rights law. Many of the most serious troubles come from within states – either because of ethnic strife or repressive measures by governments. Conditions that lead to tyranny and large-scale violations of human rights at home sooner or later are likely to spill over into a search for enemies abroad. The temptation of repressive states to export internal difficulties is great. Consider the Soviet Union’s invasion of Hungary and Czechoslovakia after it had used domestic oppression and the persistent refusal - for many years - of the previous South African governments to grant independence to Namibia. An ounce of prevention is better than a ton of punishment.