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Elections and Media in Digital Times (In Focus Series: Global Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development) 발행 연도: 2019 저자: Tarlach McGonagle | Maciek Bednarski | Mariana Francese Coutinho | Arthur Zimin 단체 저자: UNESCO Digital companies are enabling politicians, political parties and voters to communicate in unprecedented ways, and expanding opportunities for seeking, receiving and imparting political information and ideas. Alongside positive developments, there also growing concerns about emerging and increasing threats to the integrity and credibility of elections, as well as the media's contribution to free, fair, transparent and peaceful electoral processes.This report highlights three converging trends in media and elections in digital times: the rise of disinformation, intensifying attacks on journalists, and disruptions linked to the use of information and communication technology in electoral arrangements. Offering possible responses to the challenges at hand, this study is a tool for governments, election practitioners, media organizations, journalists, civil society, the private sector, academia and individuals. Выборы и СМИ в цифровую эпоху (Серия в фокусе: Мировые тенденции в области свободы выражения мнений и развития СМИ) 발행 연도: 2019 저자: Tarlach McGonagle | Maciek Bednarski | Mariana Francese Coutinho | Arthur Zimin 단체 저자: UNESCO ИТ компании дают возможность политикам, политическим партиям и избирателям общаться беспрецедентными способами, расширяют возможности для поиска, получения и распространения политической информации и идей. Наряду с позитивными сторонами растет озабоченность по поводу вырисовывающихся и усиливающихся угроз целостности и авторитету выборов, а также вкладу средств массовой информации в свободные, справедливые, транспарентные и мирные избирательные процессы.В настоящем докладе освещаются три сходящиеся тенденции, связанные со СМИ и выборами в цифровую эпоху: рост дезинформации, усиление нападений на журналистов и перебои в предоставлении информационно-коммуникационных технологий в период выборов. Это исследование, предлагая возможные ответы на стоящие перед нами проблемы, является своего рода инструментом для правительств, специалистов по проведению выборов, организаций средств массовой информации, журналистов, гражданского общества, частного сектора, научных кругов и отдельных лиц. 
AntiClash 발행 연도: 2023 저자: Rafael Tyszblat | Olivier Fournout 단체 저자: AntiClash AntiClash est un concept d’émission qui va contre la culture du c"lash" en mettant en avant l’esprit et la méthode du dialogue. Lors des émissions thématiques, facilitées par des professionnels du dialogue, les intervenants – connus ou non, experts ou pas, mais en désaccord sur un sujet à potentiel polémique – sont invités à aller au fond de leurs divergences, avec authenticité et respect.Il ne s’agit pas d’une émission d’information. Les animateurs ne sont ni journalistes, ni experts dans les domaines abordés par les personnes invitées. Ainsi, ils ne font pas de « fact checking », ni de « debunking » mais invitent leurs auditeurs à vérifier eux-mêmes les faits avancés par les intervenants.L’objectif d’AntiClash est de montrer de quoi a l’air un véritable dialogue en permettant une meilleure compréhension des discours antagonistes, que la culture du clash dans les médias et les réseaux ne permet pas.Il ne s’agit pas de créer une société où tout le monde est d’accord, mais nos différences, si elles font l’objet d’une conversation constructive, doivent enrichir notre compréhension des lignes de fracture politique et nous permettre de nous rapprocher d’une vérité partagée en rétablissant des liens de confiance et une communication éthique entre citoyens.AntiClash, c’est la tentative de montrer une alternative à l’affrontement sur les sujets qui comptent. AntiClash is a program concept that goes against the culture of c "lash" by emphasizing the spirit and method of dialogue. During themed programs, facilitated by dialogue professionals, speakers - well-known or not, experts or not, but disagreeing on a potentially controversial subject - are invited to get to the bottom of their differences, with authenticity and respect.This is not a news program. The hosts are neither journalists nor experts in the fields covered by the guests. As such, they do not engage in "fact checking" or "debunking", but invite their listeners to verify for themselves the facts put forward by the speakers. The aim of AntiClash is to show what real dialogue looks like, by enabling a better understanding of antagonistic discourses, which the culture of clash in the media and networks does not allow. It's not about creating a society where everyone agrees, but our differences, if the subject of constructive conversation, should enrich our understanding of political fault lines and enable us to move closer to a shared truth by re-establishing bonds of trust and ethical communication between citizens. AntiClash is an attempt to show an alternative to confrontation on the issues that matter. 
Guidelines for the governance of digital platforms: safeguarding freedom of expression and access to information through a multi-stakeholder approach 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO Guidelines for an Internet for TrustSafeguarding freedom of expression and the right to information while dealing with dis- and misinformation, hate speech, and conspiracy theories requires a multistakeholder approach. This is the reason why UNESCO, the leading UN agency for the promotion and protection of freedom of expression and to information, is launching Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms. The Guidelines outline a set of duties, responsibilities and roles for States, digital platforms, intergovernmental organizations, civil society, media, academia, the technical community and other stakeholders to enable the environment where freedom of expression and information are in the core of digital platforms governance processes. The Guidelines were produced through a multi-stakeholder consultation that gathered more than 10,000 comments from 134 countries. These global-scale consultations fostered inclusive participation, ensuring a diversity of voices to be heard, including those from groups in situation of marginalization and vulnerability. Cultivating an Internet of Trust is a shared responsibility among all stakeholders. It calls upon us all to sustain an enabling environment for freedom of expression and the right to information. 
A Comprehensive Methodology for Monitoring Social Media to Address and Counter Online Hate Speech 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect This report introduces a standardized methodology for monitoring online hate speech, to identify, assess, and mitigate risks, including when it constitutes risks of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. This methodology is based on an extensive review of existing methodologies used for this purpose across academia, technology companies, governments, the United Nations, and NGOs, and synthesizes those approaches into a standard set of practices that best fit the use cases relevant to the UN and its partners. 
خطاب الكراهية في شبكة الفيس بوك في الأردن: دراسة مسحية 발행 연도: 2018 저자: Nasser Al-Rahamna 단체 저자: Middle East University هدفت الدراسة الى تحديد مفهوم خطاب الكراهية وأشكاله المتنوعة. وركزت على دراسة خطاب الكراهية في شبكة الفيس بوك ودرست انعكاسات هذا الخطاب على المجتمع الأردني. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي. وانتهت بوضع مجموعة من الحلول لهذه الظاهرة. Hate Speech on Facebook in Jordan: A Survey 발행 연도: 2018 저자: Nasser Al-Rahamna 단체 저자: Middle East University This study aimed to define the concept of hate speech and its various forms. It focused on studying hate speech on Facebook, and studied the implications of this speech on Jordanian society. The study used the descriptive method. It ended with a set of solutions to this phenomenon. 
Countering and addressing online hate speech: a guide for policy makers and practitioners 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect Online hate speech remains a critical challenge to advancing the objectives set out in the UN Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech and the pillars of the United Nations work, namely Peace and Security, Human Rights and Sustainable Development. The recommendations outlined in this policy paper, provide a framework for countering hate speech, in line with international human rights norms and standards. The recommendations are based on three years of consultations and dialogue, including with the technology and social media companies, experts, the UN Working Group on Hate Speech and civil society. Their implementation should be part of broader efforts to address hate speech globally, including its root causes and impact offline, in line with the UN Strategy and Plan of Action. The pursuit of these recommendations should also prioritize participation and engagement directly with the victims of hate speech, underpinned by the principles of non-discrimination and leaving no one behind. 
United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity : Recommendations for Multi-stakeholder Action 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: United Nations (UN) Technological advances have revolutionized communications, connecting people on a previously unthinkable scale. They have supported communities in times of crisis, elevated marginalized voices and helped mobilize global movements for racial justice and gender equality. Yet these same advances have enabled the spread of misinformation, disinformation and hate speech at an unprecedented volume, velocity and virality, risking the integrity of the information ecosystem. New and escalating risks stemming from leaps in AI technologies have made strengthening information integrity one of the urgent tasks of our time. This clear and present global threat demands coordinated international action. The United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity show us another future is possible. Principes mondiaux des Nations Unies pour l’intégrité de l’information: Recommandations pour une action multipartite 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: United Nations (UN) Les avancées technologiques ont révolutionné les communications, connectant les personnes à une échelle autrefois inimaginable. Elles ont soutenu les communautés en temps de crise, amplifié les voix marginalisées et contribué à la mobilisation mondiale pour la justice raciale et l’égalité des genres. Pourtant, ces mêmes avancées ont également favorisé la propagation de la désinformation, des informations fallacieuses (ou « fake news ») et des discours de haine à une vitesse, une ampleur et une viralité sans précédent, menaçant ainsi l’intégrité de l’écosystème informationnel. Les risques émergents et croissants liés aux progrès rapides de l’intelligence artificielle font du renforcement de l’intégrité de l’information l’un des défis les plus urgents de notre époque. Cette menace mondiale, claire et actuelle, exige une action internationale coordonnée. La publication Principes mondiaux des Nations Unies pour l’intégrité de l’information nous montrent qu’un autre avenir est possible.