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์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

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3,549 ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Study on Singaporeโ€™s Character and Citizenship Education Curriculum Reform: Discuss the Design of the Integration of Moral Education Curriculum from Primary School to University (Global Education; Vol. 48, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Wu Xiaowei ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: East China Normal University Strengthening the integration of moral education curriculum is an important part of the overall planning of a moral education system from primary school to university, which also is an important method to improve the effectiveness of moral education. Singaporeโ€™s curriculum reform reviving around character and citizenship education can provide reference and enlightenment for the integration of moral curriculum from primary school to university in China. Using the socialist core values to lead and plan the moral education curriculum system, we should focus on the systematic of curriculum objectives, the organic integration of curriculum structure and content, the rational use of teaching methods and strategies and evaluation models, so as to promote the coordinated connection and development of moral education courses from primary school to university.  ๆ–ฐๅŠ ๅกๅ“ๆ ผไธŽๅ…ฌๆฐ‘่ฏพ็จ‹ๆ”น้ฉ็ ”็ฉถ: โ€”ๅ…ผ่ฎบๆˆ‘ๅ›ฝ็š„ๅพท่‚ฒ่ฏพ็จ‹ไธ€ไฝ“ๅŒ–ๅปบ่ฎพ (ๅ…จ็ƒๆ•™่‚ฒๅฑ•ๆœ›; Vol. 48, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Wu Xiaowei ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: East China Normal University ๅŠ ๅผบๅพท่‚ฒ่ฏพ็จ‹ไธ€ไฝ“ๅŒ–ๅปบ่ฎพ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๆ•ดไฝ“่ง„ๅˆ’ๅคงไธญๅฐๅนผๅพท่‚ฒไฝ“็ณป็š„้‡่ฆ็Žฏ่Š‚๏ผŒไนŸๆ˜ฏๆ้ซ˜ๅพท่‚ฒๅฎžๆ•ˆๆ€ง็š„้‡่ฆไธพๆŽชใ€‚ๆœฌๆ–‡้€š่ฟ‡ๅˆ†ๆžๆ–ฐๅŠ ๅกๅ›ด็ป•ๅ“ๆ ผไธŽๅ…ฌๆฐ‘ๆ•™่‚ฒๅผ€ๅฑ•็š„่ฏพ็จ‹ๆ”น้ฉ๏ผŒ่ฏ•ๅ›พไธบๆˆ‘ๅ›ฝๅพท่‚ฒ่ฏพ็จ‹ไธ€ไฝ“ๅŒ–ๅปบ่ฎพ่ทฏๅพ„ๆไพ›ๅ€Ÿ้‰ดๅ’Œๆ€่€ƒใ€‚ๅœจไปฅ็คพไผšไธปไน‰ๆ ธๅฟƒไปทๅ€ผ่ง‚ๅผ•้ข†ๅ’Œ่ง„ๅˆ’ๅพท่‚ฒ่ฏพ็จ‹ไฝ“็ณป็š„่ฟ‡็จ‹ไธญ๏ผŒๅบ”ๆณจ้‡่ฏพ็จ‹็›ฎๆ ‡็š„ไธ€ไฝ“ๅŒ–่ก”ๆŽฅใ€่ฏพ็จ‹็ป“ๆž„ๅ’Œๅ†…ๅฎน็š„ๆœ‰ๆœบๆ•ดๅˆ๏ผŒๆ•™ๅญฆๆ–นๆณ•็ญ–็•ฅๅŠ่ฏ„ไปทๆจกๅผ็š„ๅˆ็†่ฟ็”จ๏ผŒๆŽจๅŠจไธๅŒๅญฆๆฎตๅพท่‚ฒ่ฏพ็จ‹็š„ไฝ“็ณปๅŒ–ๆžถๆž„ไธŽ่ฎพ่ฎกใ€‚  A Case Study on the Possible Contribution of Global Citizenship Concept to Education for Sustainable Development (Environmental Education; Vol. 31, No.1) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2018 ์ €์ž: Seyoung Hwang ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Korean Society for Environmental Education The aim of this study was to explore the ways in which the recent discussion on global citizenship education could contribute to the discursive possibility of education that addresses cultural diversity and co-existence which had not been considered much in the education for sustainable development (ESD) field. For that, the study showed how the formative experience of global citizen identity as the core concept of global citizenship can be a significant learning experience for ESD. The case studies included UNESCO school activity, school club activity, international volunteering activity and local cultural exchange activity. Based on the interviews with participants, the study found out that they were in the state of accepting or orienting themselves toward global citizen identity. The study also identified the kinds of qualitative experiences affecting such identity formation as facing and reflecting on oneโ€™s own cultural bias, intercultural sympathy, participation and action beyond mere knowledge acquisition, self-directed participation and achievement, lack of reflection in the oneโ€™ own life context as a global citizen, and conflict with the values embedded in the competition-driven lifestyle. Based on the result, the potential and meanings of the ESD focused on global citizen identity were discussed.  ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜์‹ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ (ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก; Vol. 31, No. 1) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2018 ์ €์ž: Seyoung Hwang ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Korean Society for Environmental Education ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด์™”๋˜ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์กด์ค‘๊ณผ ๊ณต์กด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ต์œก์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜์‹์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ(global citizen identity)์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”ํ•™๊ตํ™œ๋™, ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ, ํ•ด์™ธ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌํ™œ๋™, ์ง€์—ญ๋ฌธํ™”๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์งˆ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์‹œ์™€ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ, ํƒ€๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ต๊ฐ, ์ง€์‹๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ, ์ž๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋„์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์„ฑ์ทจ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ, ๋‚ด ์‚ถ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์–‘์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜์‹์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.  The Emergence of Global Citizenship Education in Colombia: Lessons Learned From Existing Education Policy (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education; Vol. 50, No. 6) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Jana De Poorter | Nicolรกs Aguilar-Forero ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Taylor & Francis Colombia has joined the international movement of countries which, under the impulse of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), are looking to integrate global citizenship education (GCED) into their educational system. However, being a recently emerging initiative, the characteristics and possible effects of GCED have not been discussed sufficiently in academia, nor among policy makers. This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of the most recent antecedents of GCED to be found in Colombian education policy. It thereby contributes to the national and international debate surrounding the integration of GCED in contexts that differ from those of Western and โ€˜developedโ€™ countries, which have been the main focus of GCED research and interventions to date. It is argued that, in the case of Colombia, educational initiatives that are based on critical approaches to GCED should be recuperated and strengthened, since these initiatives provide powerful clues for a truly transformative integration of GCED in the country.  Peace Education Performances ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2016 ์ €์ž: Enrique Chaux | Josรฉ Fernando Mejรญa | Juanita Lleras | David Guรกqueta | Andrea Bustamante | Gloria Inรฉs Rodrรญguez | Paula Andrea Pineda | Alexander Ruiz-Silva | Carolina Valencia | Charlotte Greniez | Daniel Garcรญa | Sara Victoria Alvarado | Ana Marรญa Velรกsquez ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Colombia. Ministerio de Educaciรณn Nacional This document presents a proposal for Peace Education performances for grades k to 11th. This proposal seeks to be an illustration of a curricular design consistent with the Guidelines for the Implementation of the Peace Law.  Do the Conditions in Chinese Secondary School Education Imply a Need for Global Citizenship Education? an Exploration of Six Secondary Schools in Jiangsu (Asia Pacifc Education Review; Rev. 21) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2020 ์ €์ž: Yi Hong ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Seoul National University. Education Research Institute Global citizenship education (GCE), an educational advocacy for students to attain the competencies of being aware of and actively engaged in defending social justice, equity and sustainable development at both local and global levels, is difficult to achieve in practice. The failure can be attributed to inadequate knowledge of different effects of GCE when it is used to meet specific needs of local schools. Identifying local schoolsโ€™ needs for GCE may help educators put GCE to good use. However, few studies explore and justify the role of a local insight in assisting in GCE implementation, especially regarding the situation in China where inconsistencies are found across curriculum documents, research and educational practices. The present study fills the gap by investigating the schoolsโ€™ needs for GCE at secondary level within the Chinese education system. With the assistance of principals (nโ€‰=โ€‰6) and teachers (nโ€‰=โ€‰10) from six participating schools in an anonymous city in Jiangsu province, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then analysed abductively using the grounded theory approach. Analysis was initially framed by employing criteria from a curriculum development method, namely situational analysis, based on which further analysis was conducted to synthesise more abstract themes. As a result, four general conditions emerged from the data, including three restrictive conditions that may prevent GCE integration (i.e. โ€˜compliance and commitmentโ€™, โ€˜social mobilityโ€™ and โ€˜administrative constraintsโ€™) and one condition that can encourage GCE implementation (i.e. โ€˜competency-based educationโ€™). Since GCE is a complex idea linked to many possible applications, the four key conditions revealed from the small sample in the present study can enrich researchersโ€™ understanding of the potentiality of GCE implementation in similar moderately developed cities on the east coast of China.  The Theoretical Foundation and Ideological Background of the Citizenship Curriculum Reform in England (Studies in Foreign Education; Vol. 46, No. 7) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Chen Lin ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Northeast Normal University Citizenship became part of the compulsory courses of secondary schools in England in 2002. The guideline was revised in 2014. Fierce academic debates shaped the curriculum reform. Political theory of political conflict mediation and political participative equality played an important role in promoting the legalization of Citizenship education. The wide acceptance of social capital theory also helps to win the necessary support. The current curriculum is a mixture of various ideologies such as socialism, republicanism and communitarianism. This multi-feature provides both pragmatic conditions for the curriculumโ€™s legalization and challenges for its implementation.  International Exchange and Cooperation Programs as Global Citizenship Education: A Case Study of the Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education (Journal of Education for International Understanding; Vol. 14, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Inyoung Lee | Youyeon Kim | Jeongmin Moon | Kyubin Lee | Sungsang Yoo ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Korean Society of Education for International Understanding (KOSEIU) This study examines the implementation of international exchange programs conducted within public education, focusing on the Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education from the standpoint of global citizenship education. It also proposes the feasibility and direction of international exchange programs based on the analytical framework that analyses the global citizenship education as the competency-based approach, moral approach, and critical approach. The research questions are: first, 'what is the aspects of the implementation of international exchange programs in terms of global citizenship education?' and second, 'what is the possibility of implementing international exchange programs as global citizenship education?' To find the answer to the questions, documents related to the international exchange program and data from interviews with the person in charge and the participants of programs were analyzed. This paper found that there is a feasibility for implementing the competency-based approach and moral approach in the international exchange programs. However, in order to invigorate international exchange as the practice of global citizenship education, it is recommended that: first, international exchange from the viewpoint of critical approach should be developed. Second, every student should have the opportunity to participate in the programs regardless of their economic status. Lastly, target nations for international exchange should be chosen not only from the competency-based approach but from the various perspective of global citizenship education.  ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ: ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๊ต์œก์ฒญ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ (๊ตญ์ œ์ดํ•ด๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ; Vol. 14, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ์ด์ธ์˜ | ๊น€์œ ์—ฐ | ๋ฌธ์ •๋ฏผ | ์ด๊ทœ๋นˆ | ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์ œ์ดํ•ด๊ต์œกํ•™ํšŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๊ต์œก์ฒญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๋„๋•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€์˜ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?โ€™, ๋‘˜์งธ, โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๊ต์œก์ฒญ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ๋„๋•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.