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Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models 발행 연도: 2024 저자: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky 단체 저자: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally. 
Empowering Students for Just Societies: A Handbook to Teach Integrity in Secondary Schools 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UNESCO | UN. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) The importance of education lies in its power to shape the values of upcoming generations and equip them with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Contemporary challenges, including corruption must be addressed through education, transparency, accountability and the rule of law, among other efforts. This joint publication by UNODC and UNESCO is a response to this important issue. It is aimed at educators who are striving to inspire and prepare future generations to actively contribute to societies grounded in integrity, ethics and respect for the rule of law. The handbook builds on the first two launched in 2019. This publication highlights the transformative power of education in strengthening the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary for addressing global challenges, especially those that stem from a lack of integrity, like corruption. It underlines the crucial role education plays in nurturing critical thinking, empathy, ethical behaviour, and a commitment to justice and equality among people. The handbook presents a catalogue of educational activities, lesson plans and outside the classroom resources designed to empower youth to reject corrupt practices and become agents of change, promoting integrity and upholding democratic values. 
Climate Change and Sustainability in Science and Social Science Secondary School Curricula 발행 연도: 2024 저자: Marcia McKenzie | Aaron Benavot 단체 저자: UNESCO There is an urgent need to transform the way climate change and sustainability are taught in classrooms and at schools. Learners must grasp the environmental impacts of climate change, how climate change relates to their own context and what actions can be undertaken and contribute to making societies more sustainable, equitable, just and climate-resilient. The findings presented in this publication indicate that accelerated efforts are needed. In a study of over 530 Grade 9 science and social science curricula from 85 countries worldwide, we found that 69 per cent of curricula contained no references to climate change, while 66 per cent had no references to sustainability. Furthermore, while 69 per cent of surveyed teachers from eight of the countries studied reported that environment, sustainability and climate change topics were included in the science and social science curricula in their schools only 50 per cent included them in their teaching. While there is a notable inclusion of environment, sustainability and climate change in science and social science curricula across countries, the depth of focus of this inclusion varies widely. Cognitive learning prevails over social and emotional or action-oriented learning. Climate change and sustainability in school practices must be strengthened, with teachers playing a key role in enhancing integration through teaching methods and materials. 
평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고: 해설서 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: 유네스코 '평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고'를 소개하고 교육에 관심이 있는 이해관계자들 대상으로 권고의 내용과 활용을 담은 해설서. 
Рекомендация об образовании в духе мира, прав человека и устойчивого развития. Пояснительная записка 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UNESCO Данная брошюра знакомит с обновленной Рекомендацией и кратко разъясняет, каким образом сформулированные в ней руководящие принципы могут быть применены на практике и в повседневной жизни различными субъектами деятельности в сфере образования. 
Global Citizenship Education in a Digital Age: Teacher Guidelines 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UNESCO This book is an essential resource for teachers seeking to understand the critical role that digital citizenship education plays in promoting a more informed, engaged, and responsible global citizenry. While digital technologies have opened up new opportunities for life-long learning, they have also given rise to emerging concerns, notably in relation to the rise of disinformation and hate speech online. Aimed at building the capacities of teachers to prepare learners to act ethically and responsibly in physical and digital environments, these guidelines stress the importance of considering how Global Citizenship Education (GCED) and related knowledge, values, skills and attitudes can be fostered for teaching, learning and engaging for a more sustainable, inclusive, just and peaceful world. 
Revision Process of the 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Compilation of Member State Comments 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO Adopted in 1974, the Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms is considered a landmark legal instrument that brings together for the first time peace, international understanding, human rights, fundamental freedoms and education. As per Circular letter 4401, the preliminary report and the first draft of the revised 1974 Recommendation were transmitted to Member States for their written comments and observations. These written comments were taken into consideration by the Director-General when preparing the revised second draft of the Recommendation to be discussed at the Intergovernmental Special Committee Meeting (Category II), in view of its submission to the 42nd session of the General Conference in November 2023 and eventual adoption. 
UNESCO Futures of Education Report Explained by Members of the International Commission 발행 연도: 2022 단체 저자: UNESCO Initiated by UNESCO, the International Commission on the Futures of Education has prepared a new report on how education can best shape the future of humanity and the planet. In this video, members of the Commission and its chair explain the main recommendations and defining features of their report, Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. The report is part of UNESCO’s Futures of Education initiative which aims to rethink education and shape the future. The initiative is catalyzing a global debate on how knowledge, education and learning need to be reimagined in a world of increasing complexity, uncertainty, and precarity. 
The Impact of Climate Displacement on the Right to Education 발행 연도: 2020 단체 저자: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education. Los efectos del desplazamiento climático sobre el derecho a la educación 발행 연도: 2020 단체 저자: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education.