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์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

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ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุดู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ: ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู„ู„ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ูุฑุต ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2022 ์ €์ž: Maha Khochen-Bagshaw ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO Beirut ุฃุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุณูƒูˆ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุณู„ุทุงู† ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุขู„ ุณุนูˆุฏ ู„ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจู‡ุฏู ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุชูˆุตูŠุงุช ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ.ูˆุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฑู‘ ุฃู†ู‘ ูุฆุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‡ู…ูŠุด ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุต ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุดู…ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆูŠุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฒ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ ูˆุงู‚ุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠุคูƒุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู… ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ. ูˆูŠุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุชุฏุงุจูŠุฑ ููˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฅุณู†ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุญุซู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฎุตูŠุต ุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ู„ูˆุถุน ุฎุทุท ูุนุงู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ูˆุญุดุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน. Promoting the Inclusion of Children and Young People with Disabilities in Education in the Arab Region: An Analysis of Existing Developments, Challenges and Opportunities ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2022 ์ €์ž: Maha Khochen-Bagshaw ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO Beirut This report was prepared by the UNESCO Regional Office for Education in the Arab Countries within the framework of the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Program to Promote the Arabic Language. The report provides an analysis of inclusive education in Arab countries with the aim of formulating future recommendations, although the report focuses specifically on persons with disability. It acknowledges that other categories of learners suffer from marginalization and are unable to benefit from educational opportunities. It addresses the obstacles and challenges that prevent inclusion, and addresses the progress made and the progress needed to make comprehensive quality education a reality in the Arab region. The report stresses the need for organized and systematic cooperation between teachers, schools and the educational community. It calls on governments to implement immediate measures to assign responsibilities related to learners with disabilities to the Ministry of Education, and urges them to allocate adequate funding to develop effective and implementable plans and mobilize national commitment to inclusive education for all.  Promouvoir lโ€™inclusion des enfants et des jeunes handicapรฉs dans lโ€™รฉducation dans la rรฉgion arabe: une analyse des dรฉveloppements, dรฉfis et opportunitรฉs actuels ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2022 ์ €์ž: Maha Khochen-Bagshaw ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO Beirut Ce rapport a รฉtรฉ prรฉparรฉ par le Bureau rรฉgional de l'UNESCO pour l'รฉducation dans les pays arabes dans le cadre du programme du Prince Sultan ben Abdulaziz Al Saud pour promouvoir la langue arabe. Le rapport fournit une analyse de l'รฉducation inclusive dans les pays arabes dans le but de formuler des recommandations futures, bien qu'il se concentre spรฉcifiquement sur les personnes en situation de handicap. Il reconnaรฎt que d'autres catรฉgories d'apprenants souffrent de marginalisation et ne peuvent pas bรฉnรฉficier des opportunitรฉs รฉducatives. Il aborde les obstacles et dรฉfis qui empรชchent l'inclusion, ainsi que les progrรจs rรฉalisรฉs et ceux nรฉcessaires pour faire de l'รฉducation de qualitรฉ une rรฉalitรฉ dans la rรฉgion arabe. Le rapport souligne la nรฉcessitรฉ d'une coopรฉration organisรฉe et systรฉmatique entre les enseignants, les รฉcoles et la communautรฉ รฉducative. Il appelle les gouvernements ร  mettre en ล“uvre des mesures immรฉdiates pour assigner les responsabilitรฉs liรฉes aux apprenants en situation de handicap au ministรจre de l'ร‰ducation, et les exhorte ร  allouer un financement adรฉquat pour dรฉvelopper des plans efficaces et rรฉalisables et mobiliser l'engagement national en faveur de l'รฉducation inclusive pour tous. World Education Statistics 2024 ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2024 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) The report summarizes the education data published by UIS and serves as a fundamental resource and essential guide for policy-makers, researchers and analysts, as well as anyone interested in education data and statistics. Statistics are presented in 11 thematic chapters, covering primary and secondary education; early childhood; technical, vocational and tertiary education; skills for work; parity; literacy and numeracy; sustainable development and global citizenship; learning environment; scholarships; teachers; and financing education. Get Global!: Steps Worksheets ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2003 ์ €์ž: Joanne Price ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ActionAid | Oxfam Get Global! is a teachers' guide on how to facilitate active global citizenship. It allows learners to move from thinking about issues that are important to them, to planning and participating in action, and to reflect on their performance, and assess their work. Although aimed at 11-16 year olds, some of the activities could easily be adapted for use with younger learners. ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ํƒ์ƒ‰ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™ํšŒ์ง€; Vol. 13, No. 3) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2024 ์ €์ž: ๊น€๋‹ค์› ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™ํšŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ต์œก์€ โ€˜์ƒํƒœ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์›ฐ๋น™๊ณผ ๊ณต์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„โ€™๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์—…์  ์—ญํ• ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” UNESCO, OECD์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ 2022๋…„์— ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•œ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ 2023๋…„์— ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ฃผ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ƒํƒœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•จ์–‘์˜ ๊ต์œก, ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณ€ํ˜์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘ ๊ต์œก, ์…‹์งธ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ, ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘, ์ƒ๋ฌผ, ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํฌ์šฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํƒ์ƒ‰ (๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ; Vol. 16, No.2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2024 ์ €์ž: ์†ก์Šฌ๊ธฐ | ์†๋ฏผํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•™ํšŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์–‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ์šฉ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํญ๋„“์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ UNESCO, OCED๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๊ณผ์˜ ์ธต์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ ๋ฒ”๊ต๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ , ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‹คํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‹คํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Refugee Education; Five Years on from the Launch of the 2030 Refugee Education Strategy ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2024 ์ €์ž: Cirenia Chavez Villegas | Kate Bond ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UN. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The 2024 UNHCR Refugee Education Report draws on data from more than 65 countries worldwide to provide the most detailed picture yet of the state of refugee education and enrolment. The report reflects on the 2030 Refugee Education Strategy (launched in 2019) and where notable progress has been made as well as areas where greater investment and enhanced collaboration are needed to meet the strategic objectives of the Strategy. The Role of Digital Citizenship in the Use of Technology and Reducing the Risks Resulting from it (Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences; vol.59, no.3) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2020 ์ €์ž: Amal Mohammed Abdullah Albado ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: University of Baghdad. College of Education Ibn Rushd The current study aims to know the role of digital citizenship in the use of technology and reducing the risks resulting from it. The researcher uses the descriptive analytical approach and makes a questionnaire to know if there is a role for the digital citizenship in the use of technology and reducing the dangers caused by it. The study sample consists of (102) employees in the Ministry of Education Marka Brigade (the fourth Amman qasaba). The questionnaire consists of two main axes: the first axis, which is defined as the concept of digital citizenship, the second axis is the role of digital citizenship in the use of technology and reducing the dangers of technology. The results of the study show that the awareness of the sample of the study of the concept of digital citizenship is on a high level, on average that equals (3.887) of the Likert quinary scale and the standard deviation is equal to (0.97). The results also show a strong role for citizens in reducing the dangers caused by technology where the arithmetic mean equals (4.2) and the standard deviation was (0.94). ุชุตูˆุฑ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ููŠ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุถูˆุก ู…ุชุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุงุชู‡ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจูŠุดุฉ ุฃู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌู‹ุง (ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขุฏุงุจ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจูˆูŠุฉ; vol.14, no.1) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2022 ์ €์ž: Sheikha Abdullah Al-Briki Balabied ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Dhamar University ู‡ุฏูุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุทู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูˆุถุน ุชุตูˆุฑ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ููŠ ุถูˆุก ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุชุถู…ู† ุฅุทุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ ู„ุชูุนูŠู„ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ููŠ ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุถูˆุก ู…ุชุทู„ุจุงุช ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ. ุงุณุชูุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ูˆุตููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงุณุชุจุงู†ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ. ูˆู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจุงุญุซุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ูˆุตููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุนูŠุฉ ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุงุณุชุจุงู†ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ. ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุจุฑุฒ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ "ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง"ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุฑูˆู‚ ุฐุงุช ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุชูˆุณุทุงุช ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจูŠู† ู…ุชูˆุณุทุงุช ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ.