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์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

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1,898 ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

The Role of Educational Institutions in Combating Sports Intolerance ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2018 ์ €์ž: Jamal Aldeen Alamarji In this paper, the researcher presents a discussion of how educational institutions can combat sports fanaticism. From this main question, the following sub-questions emerge:โ€ข What is meant by sports fanaticism?โ€ข What are the characteristics of a sports fanatic?โ€ข What are the causes of sports intolerance?โ€ข What are the obstacles that limit the role of educational institutions in eliminating sports fanaticism?โ€ข What is the hoped-for role for educational institutions to eliminate sports fanaticism? ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ 2019 ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุณู ุญูˆู„ ู…ุชุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠ ูŠุณู„ู‘ุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญู‚ู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุณู ูˆุดุฑูƒุงุคู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุช. ูŠู„ุญุธ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุนู†ูŠูุฉ ุชุณุชุนุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฅู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‚ุจู„ 30 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุตู ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุจุงุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุณู ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2019 โ€” ู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ. UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children 2019 ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) This edition of UNICEFโ€™s report on requirements for humanitarian action highlights major emergencies affecting children and families around the world, and the results achieved by UNICEF and partners in response to those crises. Noting that more violent conflicts are raging today than at any time since the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child 30 years ago, the report also describes UNICEF initiatives to improve the quality of its humanitarian response in 2019 โ€“ particularly in high-threat contexts. ุญูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุงุช ูˆุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ูˆู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2020 ์ €์ž: Haya Al Harqan ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Women for Intercultural Dialogue Group ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุฏูˆู‡ ู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุงุณุชุถุงูุงุช ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณูŠุฏุงุช ู„ู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุงุช LICD. ุถูŠู ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฏ.ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ุฑ/ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชุดุงุฑูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุนุจุฏุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ุนุจุฏุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุฃุชุจุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฏูŠุงู† ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุงุช/ ูƒุงูŠุณูŠุฏ. ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง 3 ู…ุญุงูˆู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ: ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ูˆุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ SDGs ุŒ ู…ู†ุชุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู€ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ. ูƒู…ุง ุซู…ู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุทู„ุงุฆุนูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุงู…ุฉ Intercultural Dialogue, the Sustainable Development Goals, the G20 Summit, and Global Citizenship ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2020 ์ €์ž: Haya Al Harqan ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Women for Intercultural Dialogue Group This video is a symposium for the LICD Women's Group Hosting Program. The guest of the symposium is Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abu Al-Nimr/ Senior Advisor to the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Interreligious Dialogue between Cultures/ KAISEID. It dealt with 3 main attempts: dialogue and achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations SDGs, the Religious Values Forum of the Twenty Summit in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and global citizenship. The professor also praised the groupโ€™s work and its pioneering role, not only in the Kingdom, but in the entire Arab region, as it is a group based on the decision and full womenโ€™s sovereignty. ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ูˆุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนู„ุงู… ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Mohammed Khamisa ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุตุฏุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุชูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุ› ูŠุณู„ู‘ุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู† ููŠ ุชูุงุฏูŠ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุตุตู‡ู… ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุนุฏุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุญูŠู‘ุฒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ูˆุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ.ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒูŠ ูˆุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนุทูŠ ู„ู…ุญุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุทุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูŠุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุงุช ุถุฑุฑุง ูุนู„ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู…ุŒ ู…ุณุชุดู‡ุฏุง ุจุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒูƒู„.ููŠู…ุง ูŠุถุน ููŠ ุฌุฒุฆู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุตุญููŠุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุชุจุชุนุฏ ุนู† ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉุ› ุนุจุฑ ุนุฑุถ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูู†ุตุญ ุจุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒุงูุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉุŒ ูุถู„ุง ุนู† ุชูˆููŠุฑู‡ ู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุนุฏุงุฏู‡ู… ู„ู„ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉ.ูˆูŠุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ุŒ ููŠ ูุตู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุทุฑุญู‡ุง ุงู„ุตุญููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฅุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุตุญููŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุชุฌูˆูŠุฏู‡ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠุง ูˆุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุชุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุนู† ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชู‡ุง ู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู‡ูŠุฉ.  Guide to Avoiding Discrimination and Hate Speech in the Media ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Mohammed Khamisa The Guidebook, which was released in both Arabic and English, highlighted professional practices and legal limitations to help journalists to avoid discriminatory and hate speech in their stories, by providing them with multiple tools which help them to produce objective stories distanced from discrimination and hate speech.The Guidebook is divided into two main parts, the first of which is given over to defining and explaining discriminatory and hate speech and giving a summary of the legal framework surrounding it. It then explains how hate speech, when practiced by media, can produce a harmful effect on public. The guidebook cites some examples from the Arab context and the world at large.  In its second part, the guidebook sets out a roadmap that helps journalists to produce more ethical and objective stories avoiding discrimination or calling for hatred. It presents a number of criteria that are recommended to be applied during all stages of the production of the story, as well as providing models of ethical evaluation (Moral Reasoning) that enable them to solve the moral dilemmas that may face them in the preparation of stories.In its final pages, the guidebook presents a list of questions the journalist poses to him/herself at every stage of the story, which contributes to its objective and ethical quality, and distance it as far as possible from practicing discriminatory speech or inciting hatred  ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2021 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO) ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู€ู€ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠู€ู€ุฉ "ุญู‚ู€ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠู€ุงุช ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู€ุฉ". ุฌุงุก ุชู†ุธูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู†ุณู€ู€ุฌุงู…ุง ู…ู€ู€ุน ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู€ู€ุงุช ูƒู„ ู…ู€ู€ู† ู…ู†ุธู…ู€ู€ุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุณูŠูƒูˆ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู€ู€ุงู„ ุชุนุฒูŠู€ู€ุฒ ู…ุจู€ู€ุงุฏุฆ ุญู‚ู€ู€ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ู‡ู€ู€ุง ุงู„ุดู€ู…ูˆู„ูŠ. ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ู„ู†ุดู€ุฑ ู‚ูŠู€ู… ุงู„ุณู„ู… ูˆู…ุจู€ุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงูŠู€ุด ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ. ูˆุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฉ ุชู…ู‡ูŠุฏุง ูˆู…ุณุงุฑุง ู„ู…ูˆุงูƒุจู€ุฉ ุฃู‡ู€ู… ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠู€ุงุช ุงู„ุชู€ูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู€ู‡ ุญู‚ู€ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆุชู‚ูˆูŠู€ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู€ุงูˆู† ูˆุชุจู€ุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุฌู€ู€ุงุฑุจ ุจู€ู€ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ู€ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุณูŠูƒูˆ. Human Rights and the Digital Challenge ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2021 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO) The file is a report on the international symposium "Human Rights and Digital Challenges". The organization of this symposium came in line with the commitments of both ISESCO and the Kingdom of Morocco in the field of promoting the principles of human rights in their holistic sense. And also to spread the values of peace, the principles of citizenship and positive coexistence. The symposium is considered a prelude and a path to keeping pace with the most important challenges facing human rights, strengthening cooperation and exchanging experiences and expertise among ISESCO member states. [Summary] Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education; Who Chooses? Who Loses? ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2022 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ูŠู…ุชุฏ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู„ูŠุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ. ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงุณุชุนุฑุงุถู‡ ู„ู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฒ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู 4 ู…ู† ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุดุฆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฌุงุฆุญุฉ COVID-19 ุŒ ูŠุญุซ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู„ุฑุตุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… 2021/2 ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ูˆุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูƒุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ. ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงูุฒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุชุฑุงู… ูˆุฅุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุŒ ุฏูˆู† ุฅุจุนุงุฏ ุฃุนูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุงู…ุชูŠุงุฒุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„. ู„ุง ูŠู„ุฒู… ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ู…ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุช ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุธุฑูˆู ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…. ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุŒ ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ุง ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุง ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู†ุดุฑู‡ุง ูˆู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน. ูˆุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูุงููŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฒุงู‡ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุณุจุฉ. ู†ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ - ู…ู† ูŠุฎุชุงุฑุŸ ู…ู† ูŠุฎุณุฑุŸ - ูŠุฏุนูˆ ุตุงู†ุนูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุดูƒูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ: ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุตุงู ูˆุญุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุ› ุจูŠู† ุชุดุฌูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุ› ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุช ุ› ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู 4 ู…ู† ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงู‹ (ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠ) ุ› ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.