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์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

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2,193 ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Attempts in and Experiences of the Cultivation of Civic Literacy in Modern China (Contemporary Education and Culture; Vol. 11, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Zhai Nan ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Northwest Normal University The educational reform in modern China takes place in a special context of strong impact of foreign ideas and deep-rooted local culture where the importance is attached to the cultivation of Chinese citizensโ€™ civic literacy. The concept of the citizen and its educational form reflect the influence of western educational thought, while the contents of education stick to the features of the Chinese nationality and modern times. Through an analysis of the publications in the Republic China period, it is found that the scheme was permeated with a strong local awareness, and reflected the combination of the native moral consciousness and the modern western civic concept. This not only reflects the particularity of the cultivation of civic literacy in the period of social transformation in modern China, but also is of methodological significance to the localization of citizen education.  ่ฟ‘ไปฃไธญๅ›ฝๅ…ฌๆฐ‘็ด ๅ…ปๅŸน่‚ฒ็š„ๆœฌๅœŸๅŒ–ๅฐ่ฏ•ๅŠ็ป้ชŒ (ๅฝ“ไปฃๆ•™่‚ฒไธŽๆ–‡ๅŒ–; Vol. 11, No. 2) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Zhai Nan ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Northwest Normal University ่ฟ‘ไปฃไธญๅ›ฝ็š„ๆ•™่‚ฒๅ˜้ฉๅค„ๅœจไธ€ไธชๅค–ๆฅๆ€ๆƒณๅผบ็ƒˆๅ†ฒๅ‡ปใ€่€ŒๆœฌๅœŸๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๆ นๆทฑ่’‚ๅ›บ็š„็‰นๆฎŠ่ƒŒๆ™ฏไน‹ไธ‹๏ผŒๅฏนๅ…ฌๆฐ‘็ด ๅ…ป็š„้‡ ่ง†ๅ’ŒๅŸน่‚ฒๅฐฑไบง็”Ÿๅœจ่ฟ™ไธ€่ƒŒๆ™ฏไธ‹ใ€‚ๅœจๅฏนๅ…ฌๆฐ‘็š„ๆฆ‚ๅฟต็†่งฃๅŠๅ…ถๆ•™่‚ฒๅฝขๅผไธŠไฝ“็Žฐไบ†่ฅฟๆ–นๆ•™่‚ฒๆ€ๆƒณ็š„ๅฝฑๅ“๏ผŒไฝ†ๅœจๅ†…ๅฎนไธŠๅนถๆฒกๆœ‰ ๆ”พๅผƒๆœฌๅ›ฝๆ•™่‚ฒๆ‰€่ƒŒ่ดŸ็š„ๆฐ‘ๆ—ๆ€งๅ’Œๆ—ถไปฃๆ€งใ€‚้€š่ฟ‡ๅฏนๆฐ‘ๅ›ฝๆ—ถๆœŸ็›ธๅ…ณๆ–‡ๆœฌ็š„ๅˆ†ๆžๅ‘็Žฐ๏ผŒๅฝ“ๆ—ถๆๅ‡บ็š„ๅ…ฌๆฐ‘ๅŸนๅ…ปๆ–นๆกˆๆธ—้€็€ๅผบ็ƒˆ ็š„ๆœฌๅœŸๆ„่ฏ†๏ผŒไฝ“็Žฐไบ†ๆœฌๅœŸ้“ๅพทๆ„่ฏ†ไธŽ็Žฐไปฃ่ฅฟๆ–นๅ…ฌๆฐ‘่ง‚ๅฟต็š„ไบค็ป‡ใ€‚่ฟ™ๆ—ขๅๆ˜ ๅ‡บไบ†่ฟ‘ไปฃไธญๅ›ฝ็คพไผš่ฝฌๅž‹ๆ—ถๆœŸๅ…ฌๆฐ‘็ด ๅ…ปๅŸน่‚ฒ็š„ ็‰นๆฎŠๆ€ง๏ผŒๅˆๅฏนๅ…ฌๆฐ‘ๆ•™่‚ฒ็š„ๆœฌๅœŸๅŒ–ๆไพ›ไบ†ๆ–นๆณ•่ฎบไธŠ็š„ๆ„ไน‰ใ€‚  The Threefold Attribute of Citizen and Its Hierarchical Cultivation Strategy (Contemporary Education Sciences; No. 7) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: Liu Yi ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Shandong Educational Science Institute | Shandong Educational Society With the rising of civil society and the gradual improvement of public life, civic education is also booming. However, at present, the understanding and application of the concept of citizenship are still in the shallow and mixed stage. This understanding is not conducive to the systematic cultivation of citizens through school education. Therefore, the understanding of the concept of citizenship should be further deepened, and the attributes of citizenโ€™s equality, public and participation should be extracted with the clue of history, and the logical relationship between the attributes should be clarified. On this basis, civic education can obtain the corresponding level training strategy, and finally incubate the โ€œfull citizenโ€.  ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ (Drake ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2016 ์ €์ž: ๊น€ํ˜•์ˆ™ | ํ™์ˆœํฌ | ์ตœ์œค์žฌ | ๋ฐ•์†Œํ˜„ | ํ•œ์˜์‹  | ๊น€ํ˜„์•„ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๊ต์œก์ฒญ ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ •๋ณด์› ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ต๊ณผ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ฒดํ—˜ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆยท์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.   ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๊ต์œก์ฒญ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ •๋ณด์›์ด(๊ฐ€) ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ•œ [์„œ๊ต์—ฐ2019-25]2019 ์œ„ํƒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰ํ™”๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ) ์ตœ์ข…๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ "๊ณต๊ณต๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ ์ œ4์œ ํ˜•(์ถœ์ฒ˜ํ‘œ์‹œ-์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ๊ธˆ์ง€-๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ธˆ์ง€)" ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.  OECD ํ•™์Šต ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜ 2030: ๋ณ€ํ˜์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ ‘์  ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์•„๋ฏธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” OECD ํ•™์Šต ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜ 2030(Learning Compass 2030)์—์„œ ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰(transformative competencies)์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ โ€˜๋ณ€ํ˜์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰โ€™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ดยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜์  ํ–‰๋™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์  ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.  ํ‰ํ™”๊ต์œก ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2017 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์˜์ฒ  | ๊น€์„ฑ์˜ค | ๋ฐ•์ˆ™์˜ | ์ •์ฃผ์ง„ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”๊ต์œก์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”๊ต์œก์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ‰ํ™”์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์–‘ํ† ๋ก ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‰ํ™”๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.  ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ: ์˜จ-์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์–‘์€ | ๋ฐฐ์€์ฃผ | ๋ฐ•์ •์› | ๊น€ํ˜•ํƒœ | ๊น€์˜ํ™˜ | ์‹ฌ์„ฑํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๋ฐฉ์†กํ†ต์‹ ์œ„์›ํšŒ | ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ณดํ™”์ง„ํฅ์› ์ดˆ๋“ฑ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ต์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์›ฐ๋น™, ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„, ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ •๋ณด๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.  ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ : ์˜จ-์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์–‘์€ | ๋ฐฐ์€์ฃผ | ๋ฐ•์ •์› | ๊น€ํ˜•ํƒœ | ๊น€์˜ํ™˜ | ์‹ฌ์„ฑํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๋ฐฉ์†กํ†ต์‹ ์œ„์›ํšŒ | ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ณดํ™”์ง„ํฅ์› ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ต์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์›ฐ๋น™, ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„, ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ •๋ณด๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ™œ๋™์ง€, ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต์ง€๋„์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋˜๊ธฐ: ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„ (๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ 2nd) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์–‘์€ | ๋ฐฐ์€์ฃผ | ๋ฐ•์ •์› | ๊น€์˜ํ™˜ | ๊น€ํ˜•ํƒœ | ์‹ฌ์„ฑํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๋ฐฉ์†กํ†ต์‹ ์œ„์›ํšŒ | ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ณดํ™”์ง„ํฅ์› ๋ณธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„(5~6ํ•™๋…„) ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต์ง€๋„์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋˜๊ธฐ: ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ (๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ 2nd) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2019 ์ €์ž: ๊น€์–‘์€ | ๋ฐฐ์€์ฃผ | ๋ฐ•์ •์› | ๊น€์˜ํ™˜ | ๊น€ํ˜•ํƒœ | ์‹ฌ์„ฑํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: ๋ฐฉ์†กํ†ต์‹ ์œ„์›ํšŒ | ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ณดํ™”์ง„ํฅ์› ๋ณธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต์ง€๋„์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์ง€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.