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International Human Rights Law & Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity 발행 연도: 2017 단체 저자: UN. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN. OHCHR) | United Nations Free & Equal What are human rights?Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status, such as age, disability, health status, sexual orientation or gender identity. These rights, whether they are civil and political rights (such as the right to life, equality before the law and freedom of expression) or economic, social and cultural rights (such as the rights to work, social security and education) are indivisible, universal, interrelated and interdependent.Human rights were developed and articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) as a response to the atrocities of World War II. Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses by third parties. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.What is international human rights law? International human rights law lays down obligations that States are bound to respect. Through ratification of international human rights treaties, Governments undertake to put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible with their treaty obligations and duties. Where domestic legal proceedings fail to address human rights abuses, mechanisms and procedures for individual complaints or communications are available at the regional and international levels to help ensure that international human rights standards are indeed respected, implemented, and enforced at the local level. At the international level these mechanisms include treaty bodies, expert committees established by treaty and tasked with monitoring implementation of treaty obligations, and special rapporteurs and other independent experts appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council to investigate and report on pressing human rights challenges.Is it ever legal to discriminate against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex people?No. The right to equality and non-discrimination are core principles of human rights, enshrined in the United Nations Charter, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and human rights treaties. The opening words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are unequivocal: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”The equality and non-discrimination guarantee provided by international human rights law applies to all people, regardless of sex, sexual orientation and gender identity or “other status.” There is no fine print, no hidden exemption clause, in any of our human rights treaties that might allow a State to guarantee full rights to some but withhold them from others purely on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.Moreover, United Nations human rights treaty bodies have confirmed that sexual orientation and gender identity are included among prohibited grounds of discrimination under international human rights law. This means that it is unlawful to make any distinction of people’s rights based on the fact that they are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT), just as it is unlawful to do so based on skin color, race, sex, religion or any other status. This position has been confirmed repeatedly in decisions and general guidance issued by several treaty bodies, such as the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Committee against Torture, and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.What are some of the most common forms of human rights violations affecting LGBT people? The UN human rights office has documented a wide range of human rights violations committed against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation and gender identity.These include:Violent attacks, ranging from aggressive verbal abuse and psychological bullying to physical assault, beatings, torture, kidnapping and targeted killings.Discriminatory criminal laws, often used to harass and punish LGBT people, including laws criminalizing consensual same-sex relationships, which violate rights to privacy and to freedom from discrimination.Discriminatory curbs on free speech and related restrictions on the exercise of rights to freedom of association and assembly, including laws banning dissemination of information on same-sex sexuality under the guise of restricting the spread of so-called LGBT “propaganda.”Discriminatory treatment, which can take place in a range of everyday settings, including workplaces, schools, family homes and hospitals. Without national laws prohibiting discrimination by third parties on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, such discriminatory treatment continues unchecked, leaving little recourse to those affected. In this context, lack of legal recognition of same-sex relationships or of a person’s gender identity can also have a discriminatory impact on many LGBT individuals. What have the UN General Assembly and Human Rights Council said on this subject?The United Nations General Assembly, in a series of resolutions, has called on States to ensure the protection of the right to life of all persons under their jurisdiction and to investigate promptly and thoroughly all killings including those motivated by the victim’s sexual orientation and gender identity (see, for example, resolution A/RES/67/168).In June 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council became the first UN intergovernmental body to adopt a wide-ranging resolution on human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity. Resolution 17/19 expressed the Council’s “grave concern” at violence and discrimination against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, and commissioned a study on the scope and extent of these violations and the measures needed to address them.The requested study, prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, was released in December 2011. It pointed to a pattern of violence and discrimination directed at individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity. Its findings and recommendations formed the basis of a panel discussion that took place at the Council in March 2012 – the first time a formal intergovernmental debate on the subject had been taken place at the United Nations.

国际人权法与性取向和性别认同 발행 연도: 2017 단체 저자: UN. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN. OHCHR) | United Nations Free & Equal 什么是人权？什么是国际人权法？歧视男女同性恋、双性恋、变性者或双性人是否合法？侵犯男女同性恋、双性恋、变性者人权的一些最常见形式是什么？联合国大会及人权事务委员会对该主题有何表述？各国在尊重男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者方面有哪些法律义务？

Global Citizenship Education in Southern Africa: Learning to Live Together - the Role of Teachers; Report of a Networking Meeting 발행 연도: 2019 단체 저자: UNESCO Harare | APCEIU This is a report on the second GCED networking meeting held from 28 to 29 October 2019 in Johannesburg, South Africa. It took stock of GCED in the region and discussed how GCED is and could be integrated in curricula and teacher education in the Southern African context to strengthen and expand the existing networks of GCED stakeholders and partners.

National Capacity Building on Inventorying the Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Arab Republic of Egypt 발행 연도: 2024 저자: Ahmed Bahi El Din | Haitham Younes 단체 저자: UNESCO | UNESCO Cairo Communities in Egypt are inventorying their living heritage Egypt is famed for its rich civilization and long history. Egyptian identity is presented not only through archaeological sites and Ancient Egyptian civilization, but also through Egypt’s diverse living heritage. More than simply showing who they are today, this living heritage tells the story of how the Egyptians arrived at this point over the generations.To celebrate this identity and strengthen national capacities to safeguard it, UNESCO, alongside the Egyptian government and civil society, implemented the project Strengthening National Capacities for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in Egypt for Sustainable Development, which ran from June 2018 to June 2021.The project focused on community-based inventorying of living heritage. This involved training workshops and a pilot community-based inventorying exercise, which took place in six different locations throughout Egypt (Cairo, Fayoum, Gharbeya, Aswan, Assuit, and Marsa Matrouh). Thanks to the project, participating community practitioners and heritage bearers are now equipped to inventory their own living heritage. • This pilot was Egypt’s first step to establishing a national inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) under the Ministry of Culture, in collaboration with community practitioners. • This publication provides recommendations on how to further enhance national capabilities for ICH safeguarding and how to advance community engagement in the inventorying processes in Egypt.

2023년 한국어학급 관리자 다문화 역량 강화 워크숍: 초중등 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: 국가평생교육진흥원 | 중앙다문화교육센터 교육부, 17개 시도교육청, 국가평생교육진흥원, 중앙다문화교육센터 주최로 2023년 4월 25일(화)에 개최되었던 '2023년 한국어학급 관리자 다문화 역량 강화 워크숍'의 초중등용 자료집입니다. 중앙다문화교육센터 홈페이지 자료실(https://www.edu4mc.or.kr/edu/list.html)에서 제목으로 검색하시면 다운받으실 수 있습니다.

Earth Network Project: Connecting UNESCO-Designated Sites With Experts to Boost Biodiversity 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UNESCO The Earth Network project was launched in 2021 with the support of the Government of Italy. It brings together over 380 experts from more than 60 countries, encompassing diverse biodiversity-related fields that include land restoration, environmental management and environmental law. The specialists volunteer to put their unique skillsets and knowledge at the disposal of sites designated by UNESCO which request their assistance. The Earth Network covers all scientific domains and proudly combines different forms of knowledge: scientific, practitioner, local and indigenous. On the ground, these experts provide technical advice, collect data, build partnerships, and provide training tailored to the specific needs and priorities of each UNESCO-designated site.

Education 2030: Incheon declaration and framework for action towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all 발행 연도: 2015 단체 저자: UNESCO | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) | UN. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | World Bank This framework — painstakingly drafted over many months with input from governments, international agencies, civil society and experts — provides guidance for implementing the education commitments made in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at a national, regional and global level. In particular: it aims at mobilizing all countries and partners around Sustainable Education Goal 4 and its targets;it proposes ways of implementing, coordinating, financing and monitoring the new commitments; andit proposes indicative strategies which countries may wish to draw upon in developing their plans, taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development and respecting national policies and priorities.

교육 2030 인천선언과 실행계획: 포용적이고 공평한 양질의 교육과 모두를 위한 평생학습을 향해 발행 연도: 2015 단체 저자: 유네스코 | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) | UN. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | World Bank 정부, 국제기구, 시민사회와 전문가의 조언을 받아 몇 달 동안 많은 노력을 기울여 초안이 작성된 이 실행계획은 지속가능한 발전을 위한 2030 아젠다의 국가적, 지역적, 세계적 단계에서의 실현을 위한 교육의 역할에 대한 실천 가이드를 제공한다. 이는 모든 국가와 지속가능목표 4와 그 대상을 둘러싼 파트너들을 움직이도록 하는 데에 그 목적을 둔다.이 실행계획은 새로운 역할에 대한 실천, 협력, 자금조달과 관찰 방안을 제안한다.이 실행계획은 각 국가들이 서로 다른 국가적 상황과 역량, 발전 단계 및 각국의 정책과 우선순위를 존중한 계획을 세울 수 있도록 전략을 보여준다.

Ending Learning Poverty : What Will It Take? 발행 연도: 2019 단체 저자: World Bank In recent years, it has become clear that many children around the world are not learning to read proficiently. As a major contributor to human capital deficits, the learning crisis undermines sustainable growth and poverty reduction. To spotlight this crisis, we are introducing the concept of Learning Poverty, drawing on new data developed in coordination with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Framework for Reopening Schools; April, 2020 발행 연도: 2020 단체 저자: UNESCO | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | World Bank | World Food Programme By late April, nationwide school closures were still disrupting the learning of more than 73 per cent of students, or more than 1.2 billion children and youth. When deciding whether to reopen schools, authorities should look at the benefits and risks across education, public health and socio-economic factors, in the local context, using the best available evidence. The best interest of every child should be paramount.The guidelines aim to inform the decision-making process regarding school reopening, support national preparations and guide the implementation process, as part of overall public health and education planning processes. It is designed to be a flexible tool that can be adapted to each context and updated as the situation changes. The guidelines outline six key priorities to assess the readiness of those schools and inform planning.

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