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Disability Discrimination in the Digital Realm: How the ICRPD Applies to Artificial Intelligence Decision-Making Processes and Helps in Determining the State of International Human Rights Law (Human Rights Law Reivew; Volume. 23, Issue. 3) 발행 연도: 2023 저자: Tetyana Krupiy | Martin Scheinin Scholars have identified challenges to protecting individuals from discrimination in contexts where organisations deploy artificial intelligence decision-making processes. While scholarship on ‘digital discrimination’ is growing, scholars have paid less attention to the impact of the use of artificial intelligence decision-making processes on persons with disabilities. This article posits that while the use of artificial intelligence technology can be beneficial for some purposes, its deployment can also construct a disability. The article demonstrates that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can be interpreted in a manner that confers a wide variety of human rights on persons with disabilities in the context when entities deploy artificial intelligence decision-making processes. The article proposes a test for digital discrimination based on disability and shows how it can be incorporated into the treaty through legal interpretation. Thereafter, it moves to developing an analogous general test for digital discrimination under international human rights law, applicable beyond a catalogue of protected characteristics. 
Towards Mongolia’s Long-Term Development Policy Vision 2050: Advancing Education Equity, Efficiency and Outcomes 발행 연도: 2020 단체 저자: Mongolia Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports | World Bank This report seeks to synthesize and analyze education outcomes with a view of identifying the main priorities for strengthening the education sector in support of Mongolia’s Sustainable Development Vision 2050. The report highlights data and findings generated from a series of source reports (see bibliography) related to the goals and targets set out in the Vision 2050. The report is composed of six thematic chapters: Access; Equity; Internal Efficiency, Education Cost and Finance; External Efficiency; Management. Each chapter will include an overview of the current situation and recent development with a focus on, key achievements and persistent challenges. As a synthesis report, the information on each topic is not exhaustive but rather seeks to present key findings. Specific activities highlighted in the Vision 2050 have been included at the beginning of each chapter and a complete mapping by activity is annexed (Annex 1. Vision 2050 Chapter mapping). This synthesis report draws on conclusions, finding, data and surveys produced in collaboration with MECSS by the Asian Development Bank, the Global Partnership for Education and the World Bank. The synthesis also draws from key UNESCO reports. The scope, research, and focus of the source reports differ, and precise findings are, on occasions, incongruent however the overall conclusions are fundamentally compatible. Whereas most of the source reports focus on one or two key stages, the synthesis report seeks to extract cross-cutting and/or recurring challenges that have an impact, positive or negative, on equity, efficiency and outcomes which ultimately may contribute to the implementation of Vision 2050. Mongolia’s State Education Policy (2014-2024) states: ‘Education is the main key factor of each citizen’s lifelong support and guarantee of life quality, and of the State’s societal and economical, science and technological development, and guarantee of national independence and security. Mongolian State shall develop education as a leading sector in society’. 
Sultan Qaboos University Students’ Attitudes towards Inclusion of Their Peers with Disabilities 발행 연도: 2015 저자: Ibrahim Al Qaryouti | Jokha Al Shukaili 단체 저자: Sultan Qaboos University The present study aimed to identify attitudes of students of Sultan Qaboos University towards the inclusion of disabled peers. To achieve the objective of the study, the researchers used a scale to measure students’ attitudes towards inclusion. The final version of the scale consisted of 34 items after verification of validity and reliability. The results showed no significant difference between students of colleges of science and humanities in their attitudes towards the inclusion of their disabled peers. However, there were statistically significant differences in attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities in terms of gender; in favor of females’ domain and the total score. There were differences in attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities among males and females in the college of science, and in favor of females on all domains of the scale.Also, there was significant interaction effect (gender by academic level). Meanwhile, the results of the study did not show statistically significant differences in attitudes between male and female students in the College of Humanities the exception was in behavioral domain, where female students’ attitudes were more positive towards inclusion than male students. In light of these results, the study recommended to study the attitudes of both administration and academic staff towards the inclusion of students with disabilities in Sultan Qaboos University. اتجاهات طلبة جامعة السلطان قابوس نحو دمج اقرانهم ذوي الإعاقة 발행 연도: 2015 저자: Ibrahim Al Qaryouti | Jokha Al Shukaili 단체 저자: Sultan Qaboos University هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات طلبة جامعة السلطان قابوس نحو دمج أقرانهم ذوي الإعاقة. ولتحقيق ذلك، استخدم الباحثان مقياس اتجاهات الطلبة نحو دمج أقرانهم ذوي الإعاقة، وتكون المقياس بصورته النهائية من 34 فقرة بعد التحقق من صدقه وثباته، مقسمة على ثلاثة أبعاد (العاطفي، المعرفي، السلوكي). بينت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية بين طلبة الكليات العلمية والإنسانية، في اتجاهاتهم نحو دمج أقرانهم ذوي الإعاقة؛ وبينت النتائج أيضاً أن هناك فروقاً ذوات دلالة إحصائية في الاتجاهات نمو دمج الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة بين الطلبة الذكور والإناث، ولصالح الإناث على بُعد الأداة الثاني، وعلى المجموع الكلي؛ كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك فروقاً في الاتجاهات نحو دمج الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة لدى طلبة الكليات العلمية الذكور والإناث ولصالح الإناث، وعلى جميع أبعاد الأداة. في حين لم يظهر وجود فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية في الاتجاهات بين طلبة الكليات الإنسانية الذكور والإناث على أبعاد الأداة باستثناء البعد السلوكي، حيث كانت اتجاهات الطالبات أفضل من اتجاهات الطلاب الذكور. كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية بين الطلبة في المستويات الدراسية الخمسة، وكذلك للتفاعل بين النوع والمستوى الدراسي. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة دراسة اتجاهات الهيئة الإدارية والتدريسية نحو دمج الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة في جامعة السلطان قابوس. 
Comprehensive Societal Integration of People with Disabilities in the Arab and Islamic Society (A Historical-original View) 발행 연도: 2012 저자: Ibrahim Alnuqythan 단체 저자: Gulf Society for Diability The file is a research paper that discusses the comprehensive integration of persons with disabilities in the Arab and Islamic world. The paper seeks to answer the following questions:- Did the disabled in the Arab-Islamic civilization have a comprehensive integration into society?What are the examples of this integration in the Arab-Islamic civilization?The paper discussed and touched on live models that show the reality of inclusion of persons with disabilities in society. الدمج المجتمعي الشامل لذوي الإعاقة في المجتمع العربي الإسلامي (نظرة تاريخية-تأصيلية) 발행 연도: 2012 저자: Ibrahim Alnuqythan 단체 저자: Gulf Society for Diability الملف عبارة عن ورقة بحثية تناقش الدمج الشامل للمعوقين في الوطن العربي والإسلامي. وتسعى الورقة للإجابة عن الأسئلة التالية:- هل كان للمعوقين في الحضارة العربية الإسلامية دمج شامل في المجتمع؟- ما النماذج على هذا الدمج في الحضارة العربية الإسلامية؟ولقد ناقشت الورقة وتطرقت لنماذج حية تظهر واقع ادماج المعوقين في المجتمع. 
For a Transnational History of Disability: Argentina, Brazil and Spain 20th Century 발행 연도: 2022 저자: Gildas Bregain 단체 저자: Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) Publications on disability have been mostly limited to health, rehabilitation and education editorials. On the other hand, this new Editorial Series, open to social movements, platforms of struggle, academic groups, collaboration networks, public policy makers, citizens of all of our Latin America and the Caribbean and other latitudes of the global South, combines a multiplicity of edges, perspectives and approaches. This volume comes to occupy a vacant place in critical studies on disability in Latin America, which is to record the struggles for the rights of these people in our region. Introducing a historical problematization in this regard not only has an epistemological and political relevance, but also makes a contribution to the present and to contemporary disability policies. Para una historia transnacional de la discapacidad: Argentina, Brasil y España Siglo XX 발행 연도: 2022 저자: Gildas Bregain 단체 저자: Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) Las publicaciones sobre discapacidad han estado circunscriptas mayoritariamente a las editoriales de salud, rehabilitación y educación. En cambio, esta nueva Serie Editorial, abierta a los movimientos sociales, a las plataformas de lucha, a los grupos académicos, a las redes de colaboración, a los hacedores de políticas públicas, a los ciudadanos y ciudadanas de toda nuestra América Latina y el Caribe y otras latitudes del Sur global, conjuga una multiplicidad de aristas, perspectivas y enfoques. El presente volumen viene a ocupar un lugar de vacancia en los estudios críticos sobre discapacidad en América Latina, que es el historiar las luchas por los derechos de dichas personas en nuestra región. Introducir una problematización histórica al respecto no solo posee una relevancia espistemológica y política, sino que también realiza una contribución al presente y a las políticas contemporáneas de discapacidad. 
Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The Gender Snapshot 2021 발행 연도: 2021 저자: Ginette Azcona | Antra Bhatt | Julia Brauchle | Guillem Fortuny Fillo | Yongyi Min | Heather Page | Yuxi Zhang 단체 저자: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) The pandemic has tested and even reversed progress in expanding women’s rights and opportunities. Women have not recovered lost jobs and income, hunger is on the rise, and school closures threaten girls’ educational gains. Women’s participation in government, research, and resource management remains far from equal. Vulnerable groups of women, including migrants, those with disabilities, and those affected by conflict, are frequently left behind. Disparities between rich and poor countries are preventing equal access to lifesaving COVID-19 vaccines and treatments, putting women in poorer countries at disproportionate risk.Moreover, despite women’s central roles in responding to COVID-19, including as front-line health workers, they do not have the leadership positions they deserve. Building forward differently and better will require placing women and girls at the centre of all aspects of response and recovery, including through gender-responsive laws, policies, and budgeting.“Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The gender snapshot 2021” presents the latest evidence on gender equality across all 17 Goals, highlighting the progress made since 2015 but also the continued alarm over the COVID-19 pandemic, its immediate effect on women’s well-being, and the threat it poses to future generations. Progrès vers la réalisation des Objectifs de développement durable : Gros plan sur l’égalité des sexes 2021 발행 연도: 2021 저자: Ginette Azcona | Antra Bhatt | Julia Brauchle | Guillem Fortuny Fillo | Yongyi Min | Heather Page | Yuxi Zhang 단체 저자: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN. DESA) La pandémie a mis à l’épreuve et même inversé les progrès dans l’élargissement des droits et des opportunités des femmes. Les femmes n’ont pas récupéré les emplois et les revenus perdus, la faim augmente et les fermetures d’écoles menacent les progrès scolaires des filles. La participation des femmes au gouvernement, à la recherche et à la gestion des ressources est loin d’être égale. Les groupes de femmes vulnérables, y compris les migrantes, les personnes handicapées et celles touchées par les conflits, sont souvent laissés pour compte. Les disparités entre les pays riches et les pays pauvres empêchent l’égalité d’accès aux vaccins et aux traitements vitaux contre la COVID-19, ce qui expose les femmes des pays les plus pauvres à un risque disproportionné.De plus, malgré le rôle central des femmes dans la réponse à la COVID-19, y compris en tant que professionnelles de santé de première ligne, elles n’ont pas les postes de direction qu’elles méritent. Pour aller de l’avant différemment et mieux, il faudra placer les femmes et les filles au centre de tous les aspects de la réponse et de la relance, notamment par le biais de lois, de politiques et d’une budgétisation sensibles au genre.Le rapport Progrès vers la réalisation des Objectifs de développement durable : Gros plan sur l’égalité des sexes 2021 présente les dernières données probantes sur l’égalité des sexes dans l’ensemble des 17 Objectifs de développement durable, soulignant les progrès réalisés depuis 2015, mais aussi l’inquiétude continue liée la pandémie de COVID-19, son effet immédiat sur le bien-être des femmes et la menace qu’elle représente pour les générations futures.