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Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media 발행 연도: 2020 저자: Ilda Londo 단체 저자: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) | Peace Institute | Albanian Media Institute This publication aims to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation and also to identify ways of countering these narratives. According to this research, even though the media is rarely active in fighting hate speech in the country, it cannot be said that it is a source of hate speech or that it is actively promoting it. Politicians often push hate speech narratives, which the media publishes or reflects, provoking protest from some human rights organizations. On the other hand, there is a visible problem with ethics and lack of moderation in User Generated Content, more specifically in users’ comments sections of online media.In addition, contrary to hate speech narratives, which are rarely present, attempts to misinform and spread propaganda are a constant trend in the Albanian media. While the furthering of foreign propaganda is confined to a limited number of media, the use of conspiracy theories and sensationalism to further media popularity, unfortunately, is not. Few online media outlets have escaped the trend of publishing conspiracy theories, which turned into a frenzy especially with the emergence of the coronavirus. Even television stations, which are supposed to have more filters and be more responsible about their content, have intensified this kind of coverage. Proponents of conspiracy theories are readily present in a few television stations in their main current affairs programmes, amplifying these theories and information, which leads to an increasingly greater influence on the public, especially given the lack of programmes or education on media literacy. 
똑똑한 메신저가 되어요: 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램; 초등학교 발행 연도: 2012 저자: 김양은 | 박한철 | 배은주 | 정연실 | 심성호 단체 저자: 한국인터넷진흥원 본 자료는 스마트 시대에 수많은 정보와 지식 가운데서 유용하고 필요한 정보를 구분해 내고 책임있게 전달하게 할 수 있도록 도와주는 활동을 담고 있다.본 저작물은 한국인터넷진흥원에서 2012년 작성하여 공공누리 제 4유형으로 개방한 ‘똑똑한 메신저가 되어요: 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램(김양은 외)’을 이용하였으며 해당 저작물은 방송통신위원회·한국지능정보사회진흥원, 아름다운 인터넷 세상 홈페이지(www.아인세.kr)에서 무료로 다운받으실 수 있습니다. 
우리들의 만남나무 만들기: 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램; 초등학교 발행 연도: 2012 저자: 김양은 | 박한철 | 배은주 | 정연실 | 심성호 단체 저자: 한국인터넷진흥원 본 자료는 SNS의 특징을 이해하고 소셜미디어를 통해 건강하고 다양한 관계를 만들기 위해 어떤 노력을 해야 할 지 생각해 보는 활동으로 구성하였다.본 저작물은 한국인터넷진흥원에서 2012년 작성하여 공공누리 제 4유형으로 개방한 ‘우리들의 만남나무 만들기: 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램 (김양은 외)’을 이용하였으며 해당 저작물은 방송통신위원회·한국지능정보사회진흥원, 아름다운 인터넷 세상 홈페이지(www.아인세.kr)에서 무료로 다운받으실 수 있습니다. 
Social Contract Pedagogy: A Dialogical and Deliberative Model for Global Citizenship Education (Background paper for the Futures of Education initiative) 발행 연도: 2020 저자: Richard Desjardins | Carlos Alberto Torres | Susan Wiksten 단체 저자: UNESCO We propose that together Social Contract Pedagogy (SCP) and Global Citizenship Education (GCE) offer a comprehensive vision including key principles and core elements that are important for rethinking education and shaping the future of the world. We introduce the novel concept of Social Contract Pedagogy (SCP) as a means to adapt the social contract in liberal democracies which has been (conceptually) located at the level of the state, to the level of the classroom and other pedagogically relevant contexts. A key feature of this pedagogy is the negotiation of values and norms in ways that maintain cohesion and inclusion and avoids too much power in the hands of sectarian extremes (of any kind) which tend to impose their views on others, oppress and exclude. This includes using fake news, denying scientific debates and/or any extremely politicized interpretations of evidence and facts to obfuscate or deny consequences of individual and group choices and behavior, but also ‘othering’ of any kind whether from the political right or the political left. In our view, this is an essential premise for the education of democratic citizens. Citizenship education of this kind is seen as essential for the survival and growth of liberal democracies in the future. 
Internationalization of Tertiary Education in the Middle East and North Africa 발행 연도: 2020 저자: Giulia Marchesini | Lise Barbotte | Paul Cahu | Aurelia Hoffmann | Holly Johnstone | Mirna Mehrez | Marco Pasqualini | Francisco Marmolejo 단체 저자: World Bank This report draws on available data to respond to both a real need for regional analysis and a direct demand from stakeholders, including tertiary education institutions in MENA. Encouraging internationalization to be mainstreamed throughout MENA is the objective that this report seeks to achieve by way of stimulating regional policy dialogue on the subject. The report presents some global trends in internationalization and details its main benefits, before providing an overview of the current status of internationalization in the MENA region, including an in-depth analysis of student mobility. In its reflections on the way forward for the region, the report situates its recommendations in the context of COVID-19, within which, despite serious challenges due to a lack of attractiveness of the region, MENA may find a key opportunity. It suggests that adapting to the “new normal” through the deeper implementation of internationalization “at home” – a dimension that does not require physical mobility and, being implemented within domestic environments, has a much wider reach – may help enable the region to make strides towards catching up on the internationalization agenda. Internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur dans la région Moyen-Orient Afrique du Nord 발행 연도: 2020 저자: Giulia Marchesini | Lise Barbotte | Paul Cahu | Aurelia Hoffmann | Holly Johnstone | Mirna Mehrez | Marco Pasqualini | Francisco Marmolejo 단체 저자: World Bank Ce rapport s'appuie sur les données disponibles pour répondre à la fois à un réel besoin d'analyse régionale et à une demande directe des parties prenantes, y compris des établissements d'enseignement supérieur de la région MENA. Encourager le développement de l’internationalisation à travers la région MENA est l'objectif que ce rapport cherche à atteindre, en stimulant un dialogue régional sur les politiques publiques autour de ce sujet. Le rapport présente quelques tendances mondiales de l'internationalisation et détaille ses principaux avantages, avant de donner un aperçu de l'état actuel de l'internationalisation dans la région MENA, y compris une analyse approfondie de la mobilité étudiante. Parmi les recommandations proposées pour le développement de l’internationalisation, le contexte de la COVID-19 est vu, pour la région MENA, comme une fenêtre d’opportunité pour pallier au manque d'attractivité de la région dans ce domaine. Mettre l’accent sur l'internationalisation « à domicile » - une dimension qui ne nécessite pas de mobilité physique et qui se développe dans le cadre domestique, et a donc une portée plus large - pour s’adapter à la « nouvelle normalité » peut aider la région à rattraper son retard sur le plan de l’internationalisation. 
12 Claves para fortalecer la educación ciudadana en Chile 발행 연도: 2021 단체 저자: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) Conjunto de claves dirigidas a responsables de generar políticas, directivos escolares, docentes, estudiantes, padres y apoderados para implementar la educación ciudadana en sus comunidades educativas. Esta guía está pensada para promover la reflexión crítica entre los generadores de políticas y en las distintas comunidades educacionales a partir de una visión integral que enfatiza el protagonismo de las comunidades educativas en la toma de decisión relativa a los procesos de enseñanza, aprendizaje y gobernanza escolar. 
미얀마와 민주주의 발행 연도: 2021 단체 저자: 인천광역시교육청 본 교수·학습 자료는 학생용 자료로 공감, 이해, 행동 총 3차시로 나누어, 현재 미얀마에서 벌어진 군부 쿠테타와 이에 저항하는 시민불복종 운동을 민주주의와 평화의 가치를 통해 이해하고 동아시아시민으로서 연대하고 실천하도록 구성하였다. 
Всемирный доклад по мониторингу образования 2021 г. : для всех означает для всех инклюзивность и образование; центральная и восточная европа,кавказ и средняя азия 발행 연도: 2021 단체 저자: Global Education Monitoring Report Team | European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education | Network of Education Policy Centers В этом докладе описана огромная и географически разнородная территория, которую объединили в один регион схожие образовательные системыи подходы, сформированные во второй половине 20 века в рамках государственного социализма. Образование было доступно, гендерное неравенство и неравенство, связанное с местом проживания, было искоренено. Но образовательные системы подвергали дискриминации детей с особыми потребностями, которые посещали специальные школы. Это решение ошибочно считалось эффективным: ученики разделялись по типу инвалидности, а некоторые из них полностью исключались из системы образования.Начиная с 1989 года, регион старается преодолеть это тяжелое наследие и перейти к инклюзивному образованию, основанному на правах человека, подходу, который часто поддерживается международными организациями. В законодательство и образовательную политику было включено более широкое понимание инклюзии. Педагогическое образование и программы повышения квалификации учителей были пересмотрены и реструктурированы. Тем не менее, прогресс неравномерен. Многие изменения произошли на бумаге, в то время как глубинные убеждения и реальная практика практически не изменились. В то же время образовательные системы пытаются преодолеть негативные последствия политического и экономического кризисов, которые углубили неравенство и усилили социальную напряженность. Такие факторы как гендер, удаленное место проживания, бедность, этническая принадлежность, язык, миграция, принадлежность к числу перемещенных лиц, тюремное заключение, сексуальная ориентация, гендерная идентичность и религиозные и другие убеждения связаны с неравенством образовательных возможностей.Составленный группой по подготовке Всемирного доклада по мониторингу образования, в партнерстве с Европейским агентством по специальным потребностям и инклюзивному образованию и Сетью центров образовательной политики, этот доклад содержит подробные описания 30 образовательных систем региона. В докладе также представлены дополнительные риски для инклюзии, возникшие в результате пандемии COVID-19. Основываясь на Всемирном докладе ЮНЕСКО по мониторингу образования, этот документ фиксирует барьеры, с которыми сталкиваются учащиеся. Рекомендации, данные в докладе, предлагают систему для выявления и устранения этих барьеров, в основе которой лежит принцип «каждый ученик важен и важен одинаково». 
Continental Overview: Bridging CESA and SDG 4 in Africa 발행 연도: 2021 단체 저자: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Monitoring progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 4 for education (SDG 4) is crucial to ensuring that children around the world have access to a quality education where they can learn and gain the skills they need to meet their full potential. SDG 4 indicators are organized with a view to global, thematic, regional and national targets.This report by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is the first in a series intended to bring a regional focus to SDG 4 monitoring, highlight the work being done in the regions and compare SDG 4 targets with those established by regional bodies.This new series of regional reports serve two purposes. Firstly, to map regional and SDG 4 targets to provide an overview of the symmetries between the two. Continental Overview: Bridging CESA and SDG 4 in Africa looks at how the strategic objectives of the Continental Education Strategy for Africa (CESA) compares with SDG 4 targets. Secondly, it analyses progress towards these objectives by African sub-regions.