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UNESCO Women for Ethical AI: Outlook Study on Artificial Intelligence and Gender 발행 연도: 2024 단체 저자: UNESCO The gender chapter of the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is a concrete commitment by 194 Member States to advance gender equality in the AI ecosystem. To track progress in the implementation of the gender provisions of UNESCO’s Recommendation, and to assess the impacts of AI on gender equality, the UNESCO Women for Ethical AI (W4EAI) Platform has been established. This report advances the workstream through evidence-based insights in three critical areas: women’s participation in AI development and deployment, the inclusion of gender equality concerns in AI governance and the impact of AI on gender equality. It highlights the significant underrepresentation of women in AI, the lack of gender-disaggregated data, and the compounded challenges women face in the field. The report also addresses the neglect of gender dimensions in AI policy, the risks posed by AI systems to women, and the need for responsible and ethical AI governance to promote gender equality. Finally, it outlines actionable recommendations to enhance gender equality through and in AI, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive data collection, targeted interventions, and inclusive policy-making.
Fostering Women's Leadership 발행 연도: 2024 저자: Mariagrazia Squicciarini | Anna Rita Manca | Garance Sarlat 단체 저자: UNESCO No (leadership) share no gain (for societies and economies)! Leveraging UNESCO’s unique Gender-Based Resilience Framework, this report explores the role of women in leadership positions in both decision-making and high-tech, including in artificial intelligence-related innovations. It further highlights progress towards the G20 Brisbane Target, aimed to accelerate progress on gender equality by reducing the gender gap in labour market participation rates by 25% by 2025. Women remain underrepresented in decision-making, holding only about 26% of seats in national parliaments worldwide on average. In the world of work, female labour participation continues to lag behind men’s, at 47% for women against 72% for men on average. Despite progress by G20 members towards the Brisbane Target, a 2% average gap in absolute terms remained to be filled in 2022. In the high-tech world, women make up only 30% of AI professionals, and even less of leaders. Female inventors in AI account for about 37% of patents filed in 2022-23.
Why Climate Change Matters for Human Security 발행 연도: 2022 저자: Janani Vivekananda 단체 저자: United Nations University | United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) This paper outlines the state of knowledge regarding security risks related to climate change, synthesizing the existing scientific evidence to set out five broad pathways of risk. Climate change itself is rarely a direct cause of conflict. Yet, there is ample evidence that its effects exacerbate important drivers and contextual factors of conflict and fragility, thereby challenging the stability of states and societies. Climate change impacts such as coral bleaching, diversity loss, and erratic rainfall can stress livelihoods and drive displacement, increase resource conflicts, and challenge the security and stability of people and states worldwide. Managing these security risks requires action across the entire impact chain: work to mitigate climate change; reducing its consequences on ecosystems; adapting socioeconomic systems; better management of climate-induced heightened resource competition; and strengthening governance and conflict management institutions. And every dimension of the response must be conflict-sensitive and climate proof. Without the right responses, climate change will mean more fragility, less peace and less security. But this paper sets out illustrative examples of how, with a greater understanding of how climate change interacts with social, political, economic and environmental drivers of conflict and fragility, we will be better placed to make the kind of risk-informed decisions is integral to achieving international peace and security.
기후변화와 북한인권: 실태 및 협력방안 - SDGs 매개의 남북인권협력 관점에서 - 발행 연도: 2022 저자: 이규창 | 김에스라 | 나용우 | 최현아 단체 저자: 통일연구원 글로벌 이슈인 기후변화는 생태계 및 환경뿐만 아니라 건강, 감염병, 경제, 주거, 식수 등 인간 삶의 상당한 영역에 영향을 미치고 있다. 기후변화는 재해‧ 재난의 빈도 및 강도의 증대로 이어져 최근에는 기후위기라는 용어가 회자되고 있으며 더 나아가 기후재앙이라는 용어도 사용되고 있다. 국제사회는 기후변화가 인권에 미치는 영향을 주목하고 이에 대응하기 위하여 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그 모습은 유엔인권최고대표사무소 (OHCHR)의 ‘기후변화와 인권의 관계에 관한 보고서’ 발표, 유엔 인권이사회의 ‘인권과 기후변화’ 결의 채택, ‘기후변화 맥락에서의 인권증진 및 보호에 관한 특별보고관’ 임명 등으로 나타나고 있다. 이 같은 배경에서 본 연구보고서는 기후문제가 북한인권에 미치는 영향과 실태 및 남북협력방안을 연구 내용으로 다루고 있다. 본 저작물은 통일연구원에서 2022년 작성하여 공공누리 제4유형으로 개방한 '기후변화와 북한인권: SDGs 매개의 남북인권협력 관점에서(작성자:이규창 외)'를 이용하였으며, 해당 저작물은 통일연구원 홈페이지(https://www.kinu.or.kr/)에서 무료로 내려받으실 수 있습니다. 