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Consultation Paper on AI Regulation: Emerging Approaches Across the World 발행 연도: 2024 저자: Juan David Gutiérrez 단체 저자: UNESCO Since 2016, over thirty countries have passed laws explicitly mentioning AI, and in 2024, the discussion about AI bills in legislative bodies has increased globally. This policy brief aims to inform legislators about the different regulatory approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) being considered worldwide by legislative bodies. The brief explains nine emerging regulatory approaches, each illustrated with specific cases worldwide. The order in which the nine AI regulatory approaches are presented is deliberately structured to guide readers from less interventionist, light-touch regulatory measures to more coercive, demanding approaches. These regulatory approaches are not mutually exclusive and AI bills often combine two or more approaches:1. Principles-Based Approach2. Standards-Based Approach3. Agile and Experimentalist Approach4. Facilitating and Enabling Approach5. Adapting Existing Laws Approach6. Access to Information and Transparency Mandates Approach7. Risk-Based Approach8. Rights-Based Approach9. Liability Approach The policy brief suggests parliamentarians how they can address three key questions before adopting AI regulations:1. Why regulate? Determine whether regulation is needed to address public problems, fundamental and collective rights, or desirable futures.2. When to regulate? Reach a consensus on why regulation is needed, map available regulatory instruments, compare them with other policy instruments, and assess the feasibility of adopting the former.3. How to regulate? Identify a combination of AI regulatory approaches that are tailored to specific contexts. 
Empowering Learners and Teachers for Climate Action 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO Climate change is impacting every aspect of life around the world and posing a growing threat to people and their livelihoods. It is critical to equip learners with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours to effectively address the climate crisis. Globally, there remain significant gaps in how climate change education and sustainability are taught in classrooms. Getting every learner climate-ready requires a holistic approach that involves adapting curricula, training teachers, rethinking schools and empowering communities. As part of its ongoing work on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and its role as secretariat to the Greening Education Partnership, UNESCO is currently developing a Green School Quality Standard and Greening Curriculum Guidance to mainstream climate education in schools and educational institutions. 
Kit de herramientas global sobre IA y el estado de derecho para el poder judicial 발행 연도: 2023 저자: Miriam Stankovich | Ivana Feldfeber | Yasmín Quiroga | Marianela Ciolfi Felice | Vukosi Marivate 단체 저자: UNESCO ¿Qué es la Inteligencia artificial (IA)? ¿Cómo funciona? Y lo que es más importante, ¿cómo se abre camino en el contexto judicial? Tecnologías como la IA han existido durante décadas, pero solo recientemente han comenzado a usarse en una variedad de entornos de justicia y aplicación de la ley. Si bien la IA tiene un inmenso potencial para el sistema de justicia, ya que ayuda a los jueces a tomar mejores decisiones, mejora la eficiencia, aumenta el acceso y ayuda a detectar y prevenir el delito, también existen algunas cuestiones importantes que las partes interesadas en la justicia deben tener en cuenta mientras se preparan para un futuro en el que la IA se utiliza cada vez más en los sistemas de justicia. En 2022, la UNESCO lanzó dos evaluaciones de necesidades. En primer lugar, a través de la Encuesta de evaluación de necesidades de inteligencia artificial de la UNESCO en África, el 90 % de los 32 países encuestados solicitaron apoyo para el desarrollo de capacidades para el poder judicial en materia de IA. Al mismo tiempo, una segunda encuesta mundialde actores judiciales en 100 países subrayó la necesidad de comprender mejor el uso de la IA en la administración de justicia y sus repercusiones jurídicas más amplias en las sociedades. El “Kit de herramientas mundial sobre la IA y el Estado de derecho” para el Poder Judicial responde a estas necesidades y proporciona a los actores judiciales (jueces, fiscales, fiscales estatales, abogados públicos, universidades de derecho e instituciones de formación judicial) el conocimiento y las herramientas necesarias para comprender los beneficios y riesgos de la IA en su trabajo. El kit de herramientas ayudará a los actores judiciales a mitigar los posibles riesgos de la IA para los derechos humanos al brindar orientación sobre las leyes, principios, normas y jurisprudencia internacional de derechos humanos relevantes que sustentan el uso ético de la IA. 
Enhancing TVET through Digital Transformation in Developing Countries 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO Technological advancements and digitalization are profoundly reshaping our work and lifestyle, business models and operations, and government policy choices. Digital transformation in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is the planned and structured introduction of automated and streamlined processes within institutions and national technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems through digital technology, with the goal of enhancing their scope, scale, efficiency and effectiveness and ultimately, driving their more sustainable development. This document provides overall perspective and five country case studies on digital transformation in TVET. Most countries studied face similar enabling factors: the digital infrastructure available; legal and policy frameworks; focused institutional change to improve the acquisition of digital skills; and the promotion of equality and inclusivity. To understand how digital transformation in TVET is occurring, the report analyses it at four levels: technical and technological development; curriculum and qualifications; teaching and learning using technology; and its contribution to the sustainability and resilience of societies. 
Chile: Artificial Intelligence Readiness Assessment Report 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO The Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) is a diagnostic tool intended to assist Member States in upholding their commitment to the Recommendation by helping them understand how prepared they are to implement AI ethically and responsibly for all their citizens. The RAM questionnaire forms the basis for the first section of this readiness assessment report, providing a comprehensive but detailed overview of laws, institutions, and the cultural, social, and human capital landscape shaping AI. This is then complemented in the second section by a summary of concerns and priorities raised during a national multistakeholder consultation that was conducted in 2023. Finally, the third section presents a roadmap and recommendations for building capacities across national institutions, laws and policies, and human capital, to achieve a responsible AI ecosystem aligned with the UNESCO Recommendation. As the very first country to complete the RAM and the country report, Chile is blazing the trail not only for Latin America but the world. We applaud the initiative the Chilean government has taken to update its AI strategy putting ethics and governance front and centre, and thank them for inviting UNESCO to assist in this endeavour. The report presented here reveals a complex and rapidly-changing landscape. In the legal and regulatory dimension, the 2021 National Artificial Intelligence Policy (NAIP) represents a substantive and wide-ranging commitment to developing AI. One of the key recommendations of this report is to fully integrate the UNESCO Recommendation into the NAIP’s axis of Ethics, Regulation, and Socioeconomic Impacts. Notably, the RAM reveals the pressing need to update legislation around data protection and cybersecurity to meet the challenges of AI. It also highlights several areas the Chilean government is actively working to develop. [...] Overall, this report presents a fundamentally optimistic vision that we at UNESCO share: that ethical governance and responsible regulation of AI is entirely consistent with innovation and economic growth, and is essential for ensuring a technological ecosystem that benefits the public good. In drawing a clear line from the RAM data through to the multistakeholder consultations and the recommendations, Chile has a clear roadmap for how to get there. (This text has been extracted from the Foreword of the publication) 
Guidelines for the governance of digital platforms: safeguarding freedom of expression and access to information through a multi-stakeholder approach 발행 연도: 2023 단체 저자: UNESCO Guidelines for an Internet for TrustSafeguarding freedom of expression and the right to information while dealing with dis- and misinformation, hate speech, and conspiracy theories requires a multistakeholder approach. This is the reason why UNESCO, the leading UN agency for the promotion and protection of freedom of expression and to information, is launching Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms. The Guidelines outline a set of duties, responsibilities and roles for States, digital platforms, intergovernmental organizations, civil society, media, academia, the technical community and other stakeholders to enable the environment where freedom of expression and information are in the core of digital platforms governance processes. The Guidelines were produced through a multi-stakeholder consultation that gathered more than 10,000 comments from 134 countries. These global-scale consultations fostered inclusive participation, ensuring a diversity of voices to be heard, including those from groups in situation of marginalization and vulnerability. Cultivating an Internet of Trust is a shared responsibility among all stakeholders. It calls upon us all to sustain an enabling environment for freedom of expression and the right to information. 
Countering Online Hate Speech 발행 연도: 2015 저자: Iginio Gagliardone | Danit Gal | Thiago Alves | Gabriela Martinez 단체 저자: UNESCO The present report provides a global overview of the dynamics characterizing hate speech online and some of the measures that have been adopted to counteract and mitigate it, highlighting good practices that have emerged at the local and global levels. While the study offers a comprehensive analysis of the international, regional and national normative frameworks developed to address hate speech online, and their repercussions for freedom of expression, it places particular emphasis on social and non-regulatory mechanisms that can help to counter the production, dissemination and impact of hateful messages online. Combattre les discours de haine sur internet 발행 연도: 2015 저자: Iginio Gagliardone | Danit Gal | Thiago Alves | Gabriela Martinez 단체 저자: UNESCO Le présent rapport offre un panorama mondial des dynamiques caractéristiques des discours de haine en ligne et des mesures prises pour les combattre et les contenir, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques qui ont émergé au niveau local comme au niveau international. Si l’étude fournit une analyse exhaustive des cadres normatifs internationaux, régionaux et nationaux mis en place pour lutter contre les discours de haine en ligne et de leurs répercussions sur la liberté d’expression, elle met particulièrement l’accent sur les mécanismes sociaux et non réglementaires qui peuvent contribuer à lutter contre la production, la diffusion et l’impact des messages de haine en ligne. 
Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research 발행 연도: 2017 저자: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan 단체 저자: UNESCO | Information for All Programme (IFAP) Does social media lead vulnerable individuals to resort to violence? Many people believe it does. And they respond with online censorship, surveillance and counter-speech. But what do we really know about the Internet as a cause, and what do we know about the impact of these reactions? All over the world, governments and Internet companies are making decisions on the basis of assumptions about the causes and remedies to violent attacks.The challenge is to have analysis and responses firmly grounded. The need is for a policy that is constructed on the basis of facts and evidence, and not founded on hunches – or driven by panic and fearmongering.It is in this context that UNESCO has commissioned the study titled Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media – Mapping the Research. This work provides a global mapping of research (mainly during 2012-16) about the assumed roles played by social media in violent radicalization processes, especially when they affect youth and women. The research responds to the belief that the Internet at large is an active vector for violent radicalization that facilitates the proliferation of violent extremist ideologies.Indeed, much research shows that protagonists are indeed heavily spread throughout the Internet. There is a growing body of knowledge about how terrorists use cyberspace. Less clear, however, is the impact of this use, and even more opaque is the extent to which counter measures are helping to promote peaceful alternatives. While Internet may play a facilitating role, it is not established that there is a causative link between it and radicalization towards extremism, violent radicalization, or the commission of actual acts of extremist violence. Молодежь и насильственный экстремизм в социальных медиа: Сопоставление исследований 발행 연도: 2017 저자: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan 단체 저자: UNESCO | Information for All Programme (IFAP) Оказывают ли влияние социальные сети на уязвимые группы молодежи, в последствие которого они прибегают к насилию? Многие считают, что да. И они отвечают онлайн-цензурой, наблюдением и контрречью. Но что действительно мы знаем об Интернете в качестве причины развития насилия, и что мы знаем о влиянии реакций людей? Во всем мире правительства и интернет-компании принимают решения на основе предположений о причинах и средствах защиты от насильственных нападений.Задача состоит в том, чтобы анализ и ответы были прочно обоснованы. Существует необходимость в политике, которая построена на основе фактов и доказательств, а не основана на суждениях или на панике и страхе.Именно в этом контексте ЮНЕСКО поручила провести исследование под названием «Молодежь и насильственный экстремизм в социальных медиа - сопоставление исследований". Эта работа обеспечивает глобальное сопоставление (в основном в течение 2012-16 гг.) о предполагаемых ролях, которые играют социальные медиа в процессе радикализации, особенно когда они затрагивают молодежь и женщин. Исследование реагирует на убеждение, что Интернет в целом является активным вектором насильственной радикализации, что способствует распространению насильственных экстремистских идеологий.Действительно, много исследований показывает, что протагонисты достаточно широко распространены по всему Интернету. Eсть растущий объем знаний о том, как террористы используют киберпространство. Менее ясное, однако,влияние этого использования и еще более непрозрачное - это степень, в которой встречные меры помогают продвигать мирные альтернативы.