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أثر التغير في النظام الدولي على السياسات الخارجية للدول العربية 1990م - 2005م 발행 연도: 2008 저자: Ali Awad Al Sharaa تبحث هذه الدراسة في ماهية التغيرات التي حدثت في النظام الدولي، وخصوصا بعد عام 1990م، ومدى أثرها على السياسات الخارجية للدول العربية، وذلك من خلال مناقشة حالتي دراسة وتحليلهما، وهما: القضية الفلسطينية، والشراكة العربية الأوروبية (الشراكة الأوروبية المتوسطية).

The Impact of the Change in the International System on the Foreign Policies of the Arab Countries 1990-2005 발행 연도: 2008 저자: Ali Awad Al Sharaa This paper investigates the changes in the international order since 1990 and analyzes its impact on the foreign policies of the Arab countries, building on the assumption that the new World Order (Uni polar) has not left much space of maneuver before the middle and small states to have independent foreign policy. The study investigates the impact by analyzing two cases :the Palestinian issue in the foreign policies of the Arab countries, and the Euro-Arabian partnership (the euro Mediterranean partnership).

Civil Society and Building a Democratic Civil State: A Political Approach 발행 연도: 2016 저자: Tareq Ziad Abu Hazeem The purpose of this study is to find a foundation for the concepts of the 'civil society' and the 'civil state'. It ‎examines and compares both from different dimensions: description, purpose, objectives, history, the reality of the ‎civil society and finally, to what extent they are similar. Most discussion is about civil society and civil democratic ‎state, including studies, discussions and arguments, because of their importance in the Arab countries. In addition, ‎this discussion seeks to clarify the role of civil society in building a democratic civil state. The researcher uses the ‎systems analysis to point out the relationship between how active the civil society is and the establishment of the ‎democratic civil state. After collecting and analyzing related statistics, this study has shown how much the civil ‎society, the concept of democracy, and the state are related. The three represent the most important channels of ‎public participation. In addition, the activeness of the civil society increases opportunities of political participation, ‎supports the values of democracy and citizenship, and enhances the sovereignty of law.The three are the major ‎components of the civil state. The results have revealed a number of facts: (1) there is a strong positive relation ‎between the reasons behind the establishment of an active civil society and the establishment of the democratic civil ‎society. Furthermore, (2) the civil society, its institutions and organized units, its ability of social coordination have ‎created a strong state with powerful active institutions and limited the dominance of the society's powers over ‎individuals. This has created a democratic civil state. (3) Individual and communicative will, increasing the public ‎awareness of the importance of modernization and development, as well as stimulating the role of the active civil ‎society lead to the development of a simple state to a democratic one. The study concludes with a major ‎recommendation: the classical concept of the modern state as an independent uni-center of an isolated social ‎coordination should be abandoned for the civil social organizations.‎

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